Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), a famous Indian poet, litterateur, social activist, philosopher and Indian nationalist. Rabindranath Tagore was born into a wealthy aristocratic family in Calcutta, India, on May 7, 1861. In 1913, he became the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize for Literature for "Gitanjali". His poems contain profound religious and philosophical insights. Tagore's poems enjoy the status of epic poems in India.
His representative works include "Gitanjali", "The Birds", "Sand in the Eyes" and "The Four Seasons". "Person", "Family and the World", "The Gardener's Collection", "New Moon Collection", "The Last Psalm", "Gola", "Crisis of Civilization", etc.
Biography
2. Tagore was born on May 7, 1861 in Calcutta, West Bengal, India. His family belonged to the merchant and landowning class, a Brahmin caste. During the era of the British East India Company, they became prosperous and became Chaiminda landowners. His grandfather and father were social activists who actively supported the Enlightenment Movement in Bengal and supported social reforms at that time. His father studied the Vedas and Upanishads, was a philosopher and religious reformer, and was full of nationalistic tendencies. Because he was incompatible with the traditional customs of society, he was regarded as an alienated person without caste by the customary forces. He had fourteen children, and Tagore was the youngest in the family. It was in this family that many scholars and artists emerged among brothers, sisters and nephews. Growing up in such a scholarly family where Indian traditional culture and Western culture harmoniously blended, Tagore was influenced by the family environment from an early age.
As the youngest son of his parents, Rabindranath was affectionately called "Rabbi" by his family and became the favorite child of every member of the family, but everyone did not dote on him. The little rabbi attended four schools in Calcutta. Although he disliked all four schools, he received a good education under the supervision of his eldest brother and sister.
Tagore’s literary cultivation first came from the influence of his family environment. He attended Oriental College, Normal College and Bengal College. However, he was free-spirited by nature, disliked the harsh school life, and did not complete the school's formal study courses. His knowledge mainly comes from the advice of his father, brother and tutor, as well as his own extensive reading. He has been obsessed with poetry since he was a child. He has been writing poems since he was thirteen years old. His poems are filled with sentiments against colonialism and love for the motherland.
In 1878, he followed his father and brother's wishes and went to England to study, initially studying law. But he didn't like law, so he transferred to London University to study English literature and Western music. He returned to China in 1880 and specialized in literary creation. In 1884, he left the city and went to the countryside to manage his ancestral tenants. Here he became familiar with the lives of the lower class people and observed the motherland and nature. In 1901, in order to realize his educational ideals, he founded a school in the holy city of Niketan near Bolpur, Bangladesh. This school later developed into a famous international university.
After 1905, the national movement reached its climax. The people of Bengal and all of India rose up to oppose the decision to split Bangladesh, forming a vigorous anti-imperialist patriotic movement. Tagore resolutely devoted himself to this movement, full of passion The patriotic campers were filled with righteous indignation and wrote a large number of patriotic poems. However, it was not long before Tagore had differences of opinion with other leaders of the movement. He disapproved of the so-called "direct action" in which the masses burned British goods and insulted the British. He advocated doing more "constructive" work, such as going to the countryside to develop one's own industry, eliminate poverty and ignorance, etc. However, some people did not accept his views, and out of disappointment, he quit the movement. From then on, for a long period of time, he lived a reclusive life away from real struggles and immersed himself in literary creation. ·
In 1915, he met Gandhi. This was the meeting of two giants in Indian history. He has long been in contact with the Indian National Congress Party and attended the Congress Party Congress. However, his relationship with the Congress Party has always been distant. He had a very sincere personal friendship with Gandhi. However, he did not agree with some of Gandhi's practices. These two extraordinary figures made no attempt to hide their differences of opinion. At the same time, they always respect and support each other morally and in social activities.
In 1916, Rabindranath Tagore came to Japan. He was deeply moved by Japan, an emerging country full of vitality. Later, he went to the United States from Japan and gave many reports on the topic of "Nationalism". He denounced "nationalism" in both East and West. He has never had a good impression of the United States, and he hates the ethnic discrimination there. American newspapers and detective agencies often caused him some trouble in terms of public opinion and actions. His subsequent visits to England were not pleasant. In 1929, after visiting Canada, he arrived in the United States, where he was detained and questioned by U.S. immigration officials.
In 1919, the "Amritsar Massacre" occurred. The British army shot and killed more than 1,000 Indian civilians. Tagore was very angry, stood up and wrote a righteous letter To the Governor-General of India, he protested and renounced the title of "Sir" given to him by the British King.
In 1924, he visited China.
He had longed for this ancient and fertile Eastern country since he was young, and was very sympathetic to the plight of the Chinese people. He wrote articles angrily criticizing the opium trade of the British colonialists. This visit finally fulfilled his long-cherished wish.
In 1930, Tagore visited the young socialist country, the Soviet Union. He saw a magical world there, which made him extremely excited. He was so excited that he wrote the book "Russian Letters" in praise of the Soviet Union. Although he did not fully understand socialism, he longed for this new society and wanted to move this magical world among the Indian people. His yearning for the world's first socialist country has always been consistent. In the article about his 80th birthday, he also particularly emphasized and praised the achievements of the Soviet Union. The attacks of others did not affect his beautiful image of the Soviet Union.
Letter written by Tagore.
In 1934, the Italian fascist army invaded Abyssinia (Ethiopia), and Tagore immediately severely condemned it. In 1936, a rebellion broke out in Spain against the communist government. He stood on the side of the communist government and clearly opposed the perverse actions of fascist leader Franco. In 1938, German fascists invaded Czechoslovakia. He wrote to friends there to express his care and solidarity with the Czechoslovak people. In 1939, German fascists brazenly launched a world war. Following the advice of his European friends, he wrote an article angrily denounced the unjust acts of the German "leaders." Tagore always hated fascism. But he expressed infinite sympathy for the oppressed and weak ethnic groups. Especially towards China, he always has a good impression and hope. He has always been a true and loyal friend of the Chinese people.
On August 6, 1941, Tagore passed away peacefully in his ancestral home in Calcutta. Thousands of citizens mourned him
3. "Birds" is an Indian novel One of the masterpieces of the poet Rabindranath Tagore and one of the most outstanding poetry collections in the world, it includes 325 beautiful untitled poems. Day and night, streams and oceans, freedom and betrayal, all merge into one in Tagore's writings. Short sentences express a profound philosophy of life and lead the world to explore the source of truth and wisdom.
Bing Xin
Bing Xin (October 5, 1900 - February 28, 1999), formerly known as Xie Wanying, was born in Changle, Fujian. Chinese poet, modern writer, translator, children's literature writer, social activist, essayist. The pen name Bing Xin comes from "a piece of ice heart in a jade pot". [1]?
In the "Morning News" in August 1919, Bing Xin published her first essay "Reflections on the Twenty-One Days of Hearing" and her first novel "Two Families". [2]?
Before studying abroad in 1923, he began to publish correspondence essays under the general title "For Young Readers", which became the foundation of Chinese children's literature. In 1946, she was hired as the first foreign female professor in Japan by the University of Tokyo, teaching the "New Chinese Literature" course. She returned to China in 1951.
Bing Xin died in Beijing Hospital at 21:12 on February 28, 1999. She was 99 years old and was known as the "Old Man of the Century."