Teaching objectives
1. Cultivate students' interest in China's ancient culture, and the eighth grade Chinese can recite five poems.
2. Experience the artistic conception described in poetry.
3. Experience the thoughts and feelings expressed in poetry.
4. Understand the characteristics of China's ancient poetry in genre and form.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
1. Experience the artistic conception described in poetry.
2. Experience the thoughts and feelings expressed in poetry.
3. Understand the stylistic features of China's ancient poems.
Teaching preparation
1. Arrange students to explore the common sense of ancient poetry classification and the characteristics of poetry and lyrics.
2. Understand the poet's life. Design ideas The teaching of this course focuses on reading. These five poems and songs are masterpieces in the history of China literature, and they are also required to be recited by the Chinese curriculum standard. Therefore, when teaching this course, we should first implement the requirements of reciting on the basis of familiar reading. In the process of reading aloud and reciting, let the students complete the practice of dictation. Students can memorize these five poems more skillfully through dictation. Basically, it is carried out in the order of "reading-tasting-reciting", intensive reading, more reading, so as to achieve good reading. Reading requires understanding the rhythm and charm of the work, grasping the emotional tone of the work and understanding the inner feelings expressed by the poet. For example, the infinite bitterness, resentment, firm belief and optimistic spirit in Yangzhou's First Banquet for Lotte, the gloomy spirit in Red Cliff, the lingering optimistic broadmindedness in Worrying about the Country and Willing to Die in the Ocean, and the hillside sheep nostalgia in Shuidiao Tou.
teaching process
first kind
1. Introduction Poetry is the highest language art. Poetry often expresses the myriad weather of the world with the simplest language and implicitly expresses complex thoughts and feelings. The five poems and songs we are going to learn today are all famous works. What are the connotations expressed in these works through concise language? Now, please enjoy the beautiful artistic conception of poetry and the artistic charm of taste of china ancient poetry with me!
Second, study poetry.
(1) "Reward Lotte Yangzhou First Meeting".
1. Read "Enjoy Lotte at the First Meeting in Yangzhou" and pay attention to the rhythm and feelings.
2. A brief introduction to the writer's works. This poem is selected from The Whole Tang Poetry, Liu Yuxi (772-846), a native of Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan), and a poet in the Tang Dynasty. He once participated in the political reform led by Wang, but was repeatedly relegated after his failure. In the second year of Tang Jingzong Baoli (826), Liu Yuxi was dismissed as the state secretariat, returned to the capital in the north, and passed through Yangzhou to meet Bai Juyi. At the banquet, Yi wrote "Wine for Twenty-eight Ambassadors of Liu", expressing sympathy for Liu's long-term relegation. Liu Yuxi wrote this poem to thank him. Hand in and answer poems. The monarch is the name of the secretariat.
3. Teachers and students read the same poem. The mountains were desolate and silent for twenty-three years. During his more than 20 years of relegation, the poet moved to remote areas many times. Here, "Bashan Chushui" refers to remote areas such as Langzhou, Lianzhou, Kuizhou and Hezhou. People come back. Like people in Michelle, I can only play the flute, and I am disappointed. "Wendy Fu" refers to "Thinking of Old Fu" written by Xiang Embroidery in the Western Jin Dynasty. Xiang embroidery and Ji Kang are good friends. Ji Kang was killed because he was dissatisfied with Sima Group, which was in power at that time. Once, Xiang embroidery passed by the former residence of Ji Kang, an old friend, and heard a neighbor playing the flute. Deeply distressed, he wrote Nostalgia. It means thinking of my friend who was killed and demoted because of the failure of political reform. "Rotten Ke people" refers to Jin Wang Ren. According to New Stories, Wang Zhiren was chopping wood on the mountain. When he saw two boys playing chess, he stopped to watch. By the end of the game, the axe in his hand was rotten. Back in the village, I realized that one hundred years had passed. Here, the author compares himself with the king and writes that although he has only been exiled to Beijing for more than 20 years, he has a feeling of isolation in his heart. These two sentences vividly express their long-term depraved mood with allusions. On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower. "Shipwreck" and "sick tree" are the poet's self-metaphors. These two sentences are aimed at two sentences in Bai Juyi's poems, "Looking at the scenery is long and lonely, and the official position of Manchu is lonely." Baishi means a talent like you who has been exiled to remote areas for a long time. Looking at the scenery alone, who will assume the important official position of the court? And Liu Shi's answer means that although I was demoted and moved away from home, there are still many successors. Why do you have to pity me alone? Shows the poet's cheerful attitude. Today, listen to you sing a song, drink a glass of wine and cheer up. Today, I heard your poem "Drunk to Twenty-eight Ambassadors of Liu" at the banquet. It's really a mountain stream meeting a bosom friend. While drinking wine and listening to songs, I couldn't help feeling refreshed. This poem was written by Liu Yuxi in return for pretending to be relaxed. The poem is full of twists and turns, expressing the poet's indignation at being hit by political enemies and being banished from other places for a long time. Among them, the couplet "The boat sinks over Qian Fan, and the tree falls before Wan Muchun" is a famous sentence with rich images and profound meanings.
4. Read this poem together.
(2) Chibi.
1. Read Chibi by name.
2. Thinking and exploring:
(1) Why does "Red Cliff" begin with a very humble broken halberd? What is the purpose of this writing? Key point: This halberd is related to ancient wars, which naturally leads to the following lamentation of history. The function of these two sentences is not only as a guide to poetry, but also contains strong ideological activities. The iron halberd was buried in the sand, indicating that there was a historical situation here. It has not been eroded so far, and it also makes people feel that times have changed. People and things that leave traces in history are often eroded by ruthless time, easily faded from people's memories, but often remembered by accidental opportunities. It was because of the discovery of this iron halberd that the poet could not calm down and had to grind his teeth to identify it, and found that it turned out to be the relic of the "power dynasty"-Battle of Red Cliffs in the Three Kingdoms. So as to pave the way for the following.
(2) The most wonderful thing of the whole poem is the last two sentences that have been told by people for a long time. These two sentences express the author's thoughts and feelings. 7. Key point: These two sentences reflect his depression and generosity. The poet lamented that the opportunity for heroes to become famous in history could not be shown because of their untimely birth and political and military talents. It seems to have another meaning: I believe I will always make a difference and show a remarkable heroism if I have the opportunity.
Read and recite this poem together.
③ "Ding Yang crossing zero".
1. Read the name of "crossing the ocean".
2. Think and explore in groups of four:
(1) What personal and national events are written in the first couplet of this seven-character poem?
(2) What is the connection between the upper and lower sentences of couplets? What rhetorical devices are used?
(3) "Fear" and "Odd" in the necklace have double meanings. Please talk about which two meanings.
(4) Couplets are famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages, expressing the author's thoughts and feelings.
(5) Ask students to talk about the case of "keeping the heart of Dan as the mirror of history" in the history of China.
Key points:
(1) First, at the age of 2 1, he left his official career because of the imperial examination; Second, at the critical moment of the country's survival, rise up against the renminbi.
(2) The country is divided into mountains and rivers, the situation is critical, and the personal destiny is also turbulent, suggesting that the national destiny and personal destiny are closely linked. A rhetorical device of metaphor is used.
(3) One is two place names, and the other is to write about the sinister situation and the danger of the situation.
(4) It shows that the poet's determination to lay down his life for righteousness and die for ambition fully embodies his national integrity.
(5) Such as Su Wu, Yue Fei, Deng Shichang, Zhu Ziqing and Wen Yiduo. Students can say as much as they want, and it is not appropriate to make uniform requirements. )
3. Read this poem together. Iii. Assignment 1. Recite three ancient poems learned today.
2. Analyze the following poem.
(1) By the sinking ship, Qian Fan passed by, in front of the sick tree, Wan Muchun.
(2) Dongfeng does not cooperate with Zhou Lang, and Tongquetai locks Er Qiao in spring.
(3) Who hasn't died since ancient times? Take the heart of Dan and follow history. The second class, check the homework. The whole class recited the first three poems collectively or by roll call. Second, the research work (1) "Shuidiao Song Tou".
1. Students try to read, the teacher signals to read, and students read again, paying attention to the pronunciation and meaning of key words. Gongque (lack of 4) Hu Qi (lack of 3) Chanjuan (single 2)
Step 2 solve the problem. Let's look at the word "water tune" first. It is the name of a epigraph, and its function is to specify the' word level' of each sentence of a word. Then look at the preface and ask: which sentence tells us the theme and information of this poem? Yes, "Mid-Autumn Festival" and "Journey with a Child" are about the time and purpose of writing lyrics. So what does eating in Mid-Autumn Festival mean to everyone? Reunion Focus: At that time, Zi was relegated to Jinan, Shandong Province, about several hundred kilometers away from Su Shi. The two brothers haven't seen each other for seven years.
Teachers and students read this word with the same taste.
(1) Read and analyze the first film. The poet begins by borrowing wine from asking for the moon: When will there be a bright moon? What year and month is the palace in the sky tonight? It reflects Su Shi's confused mentality of wandering between "being born" and "joining the WTO" after repeated blows. So I wanted to fly to the Moon Pass by wind, but I was worried that I couldn't stand it in the cold moon palace. Since the moon palace can't go back, it's better to be on earth. It shows that Su Shi is willing to contribute to the country in the world and that Su Shi has a positive attitude towards life. The theme of the last film is to describe the author's life experience, feelings and ambivalence.
(2) Read the next analysis word. First, I tell you that I can't sleep all night: the shadow of the moon moves around the Red Pavilion and passes through the carved doors and windows. The purpose of this writing is to connect the preceding with the following, and naturally turn to another theme of thinking about my brother's love. Then beg for the moon: why do people reunite when they are separated? '
Ask questions:
(1) What tone? Focus: cross talk, complaining.
Who do you miss? The point is: the younger brother is from. Then, people push themselves, and there are joys and sorrows in the world, just like the moon, which is not perfect since ancient times.
Question: What tone and attitude do you use? Key words: sympathy and comfort for parting endow philosophy and show the poet's broad-minded mind and feelings. Finally, I would like to express my blessing to all those who leave this world with moonlight: I only hope that everyone will be safe all the year round, and even if they are thousands of miles apart, they can enjoy this beautiful moonlight.
(4) Question: What does this famous saying reflect the author's thoughts? Focus: profound and lofty ideological realm, good wishes. The theme of the next movie: to express the memory of my brother.
(2) "Mountain Slope Sheep Tongguan Nostalgia".
1. Reveal the theme: A brief understanding of Qu is another literary work besides poetry.
2. In the ancient literature of China, the Song Dynasty not only inherited the Tang poetry and formed its unique characteristics, but also had the rise of Ci. In the Yuan Dynasty, another emerging genre was Qu. Qu can be roughly divided into two types: one is opera and the other is Sanqu. Sanqu has no movement and is easy to sing, including divertimento and poem. The divertimento consists of several tunes, and the poem takes one tune as an independent unit. A poem is limited to one poem. If two or three poems are combined into a unit, it is called a ribbon. The topics "Tianjingsha" and "Goat" are all topics.
3. Teachers demonstrate reading. Students can read freely together after reading at will. Teachers find problems and correct them.
The teacher gave a brief explanation. At this time, the author is marching on the road to Tongguan. He saw the peaks and waves with his own eyes, and both "Ru Ju" and "Ru Nu" infected the author's feelings. The reason why the author is unhappy (hesitant) is that disasters occur frequently and people suffer.
5. Think and explore.
(1) What is the rating of this song? .
(2) What kind of thoughts and feelings does this song express? (combine the last two sentences to understand. )
(3) Where do you think the words in the text are good? Try to explain why.
4. Su Shi (1037—110/) was a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zi Zizhan, a famous Dongpo layman, was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). Su Xun. When Jia You Jinshi Zongshen was in power, he was the foreign minister of Zubu. He was appointed as Hangzhou because he opposed Wang Anshi's new law and sought a foreign post.