1. Every dance in the Tang Dynasty has a story; The dance "Warrior Lan Ling" is an example. This dance is a mask solo for men. Because the warrior Lan Ling looks surprisingly handsome, like a beautiful woman, and is often despised by the enemy in battle. So in order to shock the enemy, the soldier Lan Ling ordered someone to build a hideous mask, which the soldier Lan Ling wore every time he went out. This dance vividly shows the heroic deeds of a famous general on the battlefield in his life.
2. Dances in the Tang Dynasty not only performed in the court, but also had a place in temples. People often perform dances on the stage of temples to entertain the public.
3. Dance in Tang Dynasty created and enriched many special dance terms. Many terms used in today's dance were handed down from the Tang Dynasty. Such as large lifting hands, small lifting hands, shaking, sending, etc. Are dance terms that are often used so far.
4. Dancers in Tang Dynasty also created dance scores. The form of dance soundtrack is very similar to that of music soundtrack. Music scores record music with notes, which is convenient for future generations to learn and understand the music of past dynasties. The dance score records the formation and movements of the dance with simple pictures, so the dance of the Tang Dynasty can be passed down to this day. Let's study it.
The Contribution/Influence of Dance in Tang Dynasty on Dance Culture
1. Dance in the Tang Dynasty inspired many directors to create new works. For example, the creation of the large-scale dance drama "Rain on Silk Road" is an innovation based on the dance of the Tang Dynasty. The classic movements in dance are all evolved from the dances in the Tang Dynasty, such as playing the pipa and flying in the sky.
2. Dance in the Tang Dynasty became the source of dance in Japan and other neighboring countries, and it has been passed down to this day. The famous Japanese masquerade dance is a typical example of China's Tang Dynasty dance being quoted by other countries. Japanese mask dance is a solo dance of men's masks, which is very similar to and almost identical to the samurai Lanling dance in the Tang Dynasty. This not only proves the attraction and vitality of the Tang Dynasty dance, but also proves that the Tang Dynasty dance is a glorious period in the history of China dance. (Shen recommended by New Jinshan Chinese School in Australia)
Tang music and dance are magnificent, and poems, words and songs are given to play and sing; Combine bells, drums, harps and musical instruments into a light song and dance. The music is high and melodious, the movements are smooth, and the costumes are colorful, which can be called the most song and dance in the past. The prosperity of music and dance in the Tang Dynasty is a perfect portrayal of the peace and prosperity of the country and people.
Famous dancers in ancient times
Shi was a famous court dancer in the Spring and Autumn Period. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, gave the stone to Fu Cha, the wicked and lecherous King of Wu, with a honey trap. After richa's beauty, she indulged in singing, dancing, drinking and drinking all day long, regardless of state affairs. According to records, when Shi performed "Song and Dance", Fu Cha ordered people to hollow out a long corridor in the imperial garden, put it in an urn, spread a board on it, and named it "Song Gallery". Shi wore clogs on his feet and a small bell on his skirt. When he danced gracefully, the clogs stepped on the board, giving off a heavy "jingle" echo, interwoven with the crisp and cheerful "jingle" sound of the little bells on the skirt, which had a unique charm. The prince of Wu was obsessed with stones and neglected government affairs, and the people were miserable. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, took the opportunity to send troops to defeat Wu, and Fu Cha was forced to commit suicide.
Zhao, formerly known as a famous dancer in Han Dynasty. As a handmaid of Princess Yang A's family, she is smart, slim, graceful and diligent in learning song and dance, so she stands out. Because of her light dancing, people call her "Zhao". Later, Emperor Cheng of Han Dynasty took a fancy to it, called it into the palace and named it "Jieyu" (female official name), and made it the queen a few years later.
Zhao Yanfei, as light as a swallow, can do palm dancing. According to legend, Emperor Han Chengdi made a crystal plate for Zhao, so that the imperial secretary could hold the tray with his hands. Zhao danced freely on the crystal plate, showing his superb dancing skills. There is also a legend: "There is an Artest liquid pool in the Han Palace, in which stands a piece of land called Yingzhou, on which a tall pavilion is built. This is an open house built on a high platform, which is forty feet high. Zhao Yanfei, dressed in the purple dress of Yunying, a tribute from South Vietnam, performed a song and dance-"Song of Return Air Farewell" and became emperor, attacking Yu Ou with a rhinoceros horn hairpin (or hairpin). Jade Ou is a kind of jade basin or bowl beat, accompanied by Feng and blowing sheng. Singing and dancing were in full swing when a strong wind suddenly blew. Swallows fly with the wind, as if to fly away with the wind. Emperor Cheng quickly called Feng to hold Zhao. After a while, the wind stopped and Zhao's skirt was scratched. Since then, a pleated skirt called "fairy skirt" has become popular in the palace. According to legend, Emperor Hancheng was afraid that the strong wind would blow Zhao away, so he specially built a "Qibao Pavilion" for Zhao Xiu.
Left-handed, Right-handed and Dancing [/size] Music and dancing can be roughly divided into two types: healthy dancing and gentle dancing. The former is agile and vigorous, while the latter is graceful and gentle. Sword dance can be divided into "Aliao", "Zhezhi", "Sword" and "Hu Xuan", all of which are sports dances. Wu Zetian once ordered the establishment of an "art studio" in the palace to teach ladies-in-waiting to learn poetry, and later gradually evolved into a "teaching workshop" dedicated to cultivating geisha.
Music and dance in the Tang Dynasty developed further on the basis of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which was the heyday of ancient music and dance in China. Music and dance can be divided into two categories: healthy dance and gentle dance. The former is agile and vigorous, while the latter is graceful and gentle. Sword dance can be divided into "Aliao", "Zhezhi", "Sword" and "Hu Xuan", all of which are sports dances. Wu Zetian once ordered the establishment of an "art studio" in the palace to teach ladies-in-waiting to learn poetry, and later gradually evolved into a "teaching workshop" dedicated to cultivating geisha. After returning to the folk, these song and dance artists brought back the music and dance they learned in the court to the folk and became popular among ordinary people, thus promoting the wide spread of music and dance in the Tang Dynasty.
Among these dances, the most famous is of course the sword dance, also known as "free and easy sword". There are two ways: civilian and military. The famous folk sword dancers are Gong Sundaniang and a group of his disciples. Du Fu wrote a poem and said, "A long time ago, there was a beautiful Gongsun who danced her dagger and pulled it out from all directions." In the third year of Kaiyuan (July15), Du Fu watched Gong Sundaniang's fencing performance in Yancheng, and in the second year of Dali (767), he witnessed Gong Sundaniang's fencing in Kuizhou, Sichuan (now Fengjie), so he felt some changes in the world. Zhang Xu, who likes to write Weeds, has seen Gong Sundaniang's swordsmanship and felt the cold momentum, and her artistic accomplishment has been greatly improved. Women who dance swords often wear military uniforms. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a poem in Four Empty Pictures: "Gong Sun used to go downstairs to the fields, but told women to love military uniforms." This shows that this fashion has a great influence.
The best swordsman in the army is General Pei. Pei-Wu Daozi painted in the Tianguan Temple in Luoyang when he was in Luoyang. At that time, he couldn't feel it, so he asked Pei _ _ to perform a sword dance, saying that it was "making gas to help it evaporate." Pei galloped on horseback, immediately danced his sword, drew it from left to right, and threw it into the air for dozens of feet with heavy bearing. When it fell, it was as fast as lightning, but Pei-just caught the sword with the scabbard. There were thousands of people watching at that time, all in a cold sweat. When Wu Daozi saw it, he also painted a masterpiece. Later generations Tang Wenzong designated Li Bai's poems, Pei□' s sword dance and Zhang Xu's cursive script as "three musts".
An important feature of dance in Tang Dynasty is the appearance of ci dance. "Word dancers, there are dancers on the ground, and they are also woven into words." Generally speaking, it is held in grand gatherings such as sacrificial ceremonies or guest banquets. According to the book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian personally rehearsed "Shengshou Music", in which "the ranks of dancing must become words". In this regard, the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Jian had an image description: "Luoshan embroidered many leaves, golden phoenix and silver geese cluster." Every time there is a dance head, it is divided into two items, among the words' Long live peace'. " This "picturesque" word dance is actually the ancient group gymnastics.
In addition, there is a very difficult dance called "kicking the ball", also called "Hu Xuan dance". Draw a pattern with a big wooden ball one or two feet high, and the dancer will step on it and never fall off. Bai Juyi's "Hu Xuannv" wrote: "Hu Xuannv, Hu Xuannv, the heart should be stringed, the hands should be drummed, and the sleeves should be lifted; Back to the snow _ _ turn to the tent dance, turn left and turn right tirelessly, and it is too late to turn around. " This kind of dance was introduced into the Central Plains from the northwest minority areas and spread widely among the people.
Music and dance activities were very common in the Tang Dynasty, and almost penetrated into all aspects of social life. As far as the participating classes are concerned, from emperors and nobles, civil servants and military commanders to ordinary people and musicians and geisha, no matter men, women and children, they can't dance. The following artists are famous for their unique artistic styles.
Dance, which originated from labor and combined poetry and music, is one of the earliest art forms in human history. The style of poetry and dance in the Tang Dynasty was extremely prosperous, and there were countless poems with dance as the theme. Xue Neng's "Zhe Zhi Ci" says: "The balcony is new, and the songs and dances are small. Lin Xiangru shook, and his shirt was half-shouldered. " Li Bai's Koguryo says, "Golden flowers fold their hoods, and white horses return late. Wide-sleeved dance, like a bird from Haidong. " Wait, wait.
Dance in Tang Dynasty can be divided into healthy dance and soft dance. According to relevant literature, there are more than ten kinds of dances in two categories. Jian dance, Hu Xuan, Hu Teng, Zhezhi and other healthy dances, and soft dances such as Qingyao, Chunying, Liangzhou and Huile are representative works. A healthy dance is vigorous, while a gentle dance is graceful and gentle. Du Fu's Song of Hairpin and Li Qunyu's Dance of Watching the East in September are the most famous sword dance and soft dance "Green Waist" respectively. They described the dance performance style of "one martial arts and one softness" as vivid and vivid.
Jianwu "sword" is gradually developed from folk martial arts. Generally speaking, women in uniform dance solo, and there are also collective bands of non-commissioned officers. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius' disciples wore uniforms and danced swords in front of Confucius. When Chu and Han contended, at the Hongmen Banquet, "Xiangzhuang danced sword, which meant to repeat itself", and Xiang Zhuang danced sword. Liu Kun and Zu Ti's "Smelling Chicken Dancing" in Jin Dynasty was also a sword dance. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Pei's sword dance, Li Bai's poems and songs, and Zhang Xu's cursive script were called "Three Musts". Gong Sundaniang was a famous dancer in Tang Dynasty, and her swordsmanship was famous at home and abroad. In the late Tang Dynasty, Qin Shihuang's Jinyangmen Poem said, "Gongsun's swordsmanship is all magical", and noted that "Gong Sundaniang danced swords, and his title was magnificent at that time." Si Kongtu's poem "Sword" also said: "The sun downstairs is used to playing well, and the empty daughters love to wear uniforms." Even when Zhang Xu talked about the improvement of his cursive script, he said, "See the sword, and get its spirit" (supplement to Tang Shi).
At the beginning of the poem, Du Fu recalled and described his childhood, watching the scene that Gongsun's sword-dancing equipment was exhausted, clear and frustrated, and stood out as the champion. That gongsun is so beautiful. Years ago, he danced with swords and flaunted everywhere. "。 The audience is like a mountain lost between them, and the world moves back and forth with her movements. Nine days later, as fast as an angel in front of a dragon's wing. She began to be like a thunderbolt, venting its anger and ending the shining calm like rivers and seas. Among these eight poems, the first four are about the momentum and popularity of dance: the four directions are famous, and the audience is like a mountain, moved by them and moved the world. The last four sentences, or "four sentences", describe the beauty and rhythm of dance: if you shoot for nine days, the dragon dances like a dragon, gathering anger like thunder, and condensing light like rivers and seas. Between the lines, the poet's deep admiration and appreciation of Gongsun's dance art stirred him up, making him forget the old age and the past with emotion.
The soft dance Green Waist, also known as Liuyao, Luyao and Xerox, is a solo dance for women. The rhythm is from slow to fast, and the dance is light and soft. Liu Yao's music is very popular. Bai Juyi's "Yang Liuzhi" said: "Liu Yao and Mink all sing." Pipaxing said again, "It's the beginning and the end." There is a scene of mountain dance "Six Yao" in Han Xizai's Night Banquet in the ancient Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Qunyu's view on the dance of "green waist" in his poetry creation: "There are beautiful women in the south, but the dance of green waist is light. In late autumn, the banquet is full of flowers. As elegant as a dragon. The more gorgeous, the front flow stops, and Wu Ji stops white. The slow state can't be bad, and the complicated posture bends to the end. Low wave, snow (going to the mountains for a change) and wind. When I fall, I look forward to it, and I want to repair it. I just worry that I can't catch it and fly away to catch the surprise. " The poet described this dance as superior to Qian and Bai Heng. Kingfisher, Youlong, weeping lotus and Ling Xue were used to describe the change of dance posture and gentle rhythm, which highlighted the characteristics of dancing waist and sleeves, and it was extremely light, graceful and elegant. Both poetry and dance can be called both.
Han Yi Fu's "Dance Fu" said: "Song is a chant, and dancing is an effort." The medium of dance lies in the human body itself, which expresses its feelings with its unique dance language and aesthetic synaesthesia. Poets write dances with emotion. For example, Bai Juyi's Dancing in a Dress and Feather and his Dancing in a Dress and Feather are both court dances in the Tang Dynasty, which can be described as the dance history of China. Music and dance were integrated in the Tang Dynasty. Colorful plumage was written by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, partly absorbing the Sanskrit songs presented by Yang, the envoy of the Western Expedition. Yang Guifei was the first person to write this song as a dance, and her performance was the most beautiful. Its dance, music and costumes all focus on depicting illusory fairyland and fairy images. At the beginning of Bai Juyi's poem, he said, "I once hosted a banquet with Xian Di to celebrate the day. There are countless songs and dances, and I love neon dancing. " The poet's special position and love for costume dance are very obvious. Then the dancer's clothing, dance posture and music structure are described in detail. "Shang Hong Xiadian steps to shake the crown, full of eyes." Dancers wear gorgeous "cloud shoulders", skirts are like rainbows, the whole body is decorated with garlands, and the crown is also extremely gorgeous, which is called walking and shaking the crown. "Floating back to Xueguang, surprised Youlong who sent it in a vertical way. The weeping willows are weak, and the clouds are long. The smoke moth is at a loss, and the wind sleeves are low and affectionate. Shangyuan refers to the green calyx, and the queen mother bid farewell to Joan. The first four sentences describe the initial state of dancing, and the last four sentences compare calyx green and Feiqiong to fairies. But the poet's original intention is not only to describe the elegance of dance, but also to express such feelings: "As you said, if you are sincere, please try to listen to me calmly." I'm afraid this dance will be abolished if we want the national color to be passed down. If we contact the poet's poem "Until the drums of Yuyang shook the earth and broke the tune of colorful dresses" in Song of Eternal Sorrow, we can see his deep concern for the country and people.
Many poets and dancers in the Tang Dynasty often became bosom friends because they admired each other. For example, Bai Juyi's poem "Feeling Old Servants Shooting Prostitutes" said: "Gold does not hesitate to buy moths, but flowers are as beautiful." The "prostitute" here refers to a beautiful woman who can sing and dance well. Bai Juyi believes in Buddhism and thinks he is happy in knowing and doing. Life seems indifferent, but there are many singing and dancing prostitutes at home. He wrote in "There is a Moon in a Small Court": "The water chestnut embraces the spring, and the valley wipes the pipa. Red yarn dances with hands and purple silk sings at will. " There are four people here. According to Bai Juyi's own notes, the "Spring Grass" written in Liu Yuxi's poem "Recalling Spring Grass" is also a maiko of Bai Juyi's family. In the Qing Dynasty, Chu people collected four clouds from Jian Xuan Xin Ji: "Chen Hong's Preface to the Song of Eternal Sorrow says,' Lotte is deeper than poetry and more than lovers.' Therefore, chanting as soon as we meet, not intentionally fishing. "This is a very pertinent opinion. Another example is Han Yu's poem "Feeling Spring": "Jiao Tong sings for me and mourns the Zheng and flute. Yanji dances, and the knives, guns and halberds are dazzling. " The "Yan Ji" here also refers to the dancers at home.