Theme is the central idea of describing real life and shaping artistic image in literary and artistic works. The book "Self-study Counseling" published by People's Education Publishing House points out that "Lotus Lake" shows the patriotism and revolutionary optimism of the people in the base areas. We think this subject is too general and imprecise. Themes are often expressed through themes, plots or characters. The analysis and exploration of the theme must start with specific works. As far as Lotus Lake is concerned, the plot always revolves around women. In the whole eight characters, five are women; Among men, the father and the monitor only describe the conversations around them, with little pen and ink. Therefore, the theme of the work should be centered on women, that is, "what is important is to eulogize the noble qualities of women in Jizhong base area, love the motherland and be fearless in revolutionary optimism." As Sun Li said, women "make me admire to the point of falling in love", "so I often write about them with admiration." As for readers, "they already like this novel" because they see that "women's anti-Japanese sentiment is so inspiring".
Summarizing the theme with women as the center is called "close to works" from the perspective of literary appreciation; On the other hand, taking women as the center is more profound and contemporary than taking men as the center, which can make the works reveal a sense of freshness and excite millions of readers, because "the day when women all over the country get up is the time when the China revolution wins". (Mao Zedong)
Second, the characters
The protagonists of this work are all women, and the aquatic sister-in-law is the core. She loves labor and has skilled labor skills; She is considerate of her husband, gentle and careful; She is open and steady, resolute and brave; She cared about the rise and fall of the country and finally joined the flood of anti-Japanese. She deserves to be regarded as a typical figure with unique charm in the history of modern literature in China. She has something in common with Sister Xianglin in Lu Xun's novels: she loves labor and dares to resist; But it is very different: optimistic, cheerful and extremely motivated. Besides, living in the anti-Japanese base made her fate completely different from that of Sister Xianglin. Compared with Qin Xiao written by Zhao Shuli, although she lived in the same era and environment, Sister-in-law Shui Sheng no longer fought for her marriage, but joined the anti-Japanese ranks and bravely shouldered the burden of national survival. Even in Sun Li's similar works, she is typical. As for the other four women in the article, their personalities also have their own characteristics, which are reflected in the dialogue description in the part of "Looking for a husband".
Men's series in a secondary position also have primary and secondary points. Water is dominant. He and his father have something in common: he is open-minded. At present, the enemy does not "think" too many things, attaches importance to state affairs and resolutely does "glorious things"; He is different from the monitor: he has a weak sense of humor. But deep down, I love my wife and children very much. Even if I blame my wife in Lianhua Lake, I will "throw the cardboard box (with biscuits) on the female boat".
Third, the structure
Lotus Lake took her husband's joining the army to fight as a clue, and carefully organized such plots as seeing him off, looking for him, encountering him, and learning from others. The empty behavior sign is divided into three sections by the author. As a "poetic novel", each part is arranged into three layers, which shows the "architectural beauty" pursued by poetic art. The "paragraph outline" provided by the book "Self-study Counseling" published by People's Education Publishing House divides the third part into four layers. The first floor is from "they rolled into the Lotus Lake" to "Ah, it's them", which means "saving the day". We don't think this is appropriate. It is best to merge this layer with the second layer until it disappears into the smoke on the water at noon, which means "beautiful ambush". There are three reasons:
First, from the content point of view, when "a row of gunshots rang in the ear", the women didn't know that their team was shooting at the enemy, but thought that they were "ambushed by the enemy" and "turned over and jumped into the water together". At this time, with the start of the battle. In the third natural period, the soldiers were "concentrating on shooting at the enemy", and the fighting continued until "all the spoils were loaded on their ships" and the ships flew like arrows, and the fighting ended and saved the day. These natural segments are an organic whole, that is, "beautiful ambush", which cannot be divided at will.
Secondly, from the formal point of view, the turning conjunction "but" also shows that the first layer and the second layer are closely related and inseparable.
Third, the first floor and the second floor are combined into one, and the first floor focuses on praising women's cooperation with the army. Otherwise, "the ambush will not be so thorough" (the district captain) is still centered on women. This division method can accurately reflect the author's ideological context and the theme of the novel.
Fourth, language.
Mr. Sun Li advocates that literary language should be "clear and implicit, flowing and lingering, and exquisite". The organization of each sentence, without grammatical omission, the organization of each paragraph, without waste or branching. It can be said that every word is tempered and every sentence is managed. "He not only asked others, but also consciously practiced his ideals in his creation. Lotus Lake is a model.
The language of this work is simple and natural, fresh and refined, which shows that the author has mastered a superb painting technique that is full of poetic and vivid, and can fully express the temperament of the characters. According to the teaching requirements of this unit, the focus of language learning in this course should be focused on three aspects: ① concise and vivid dialogue description; ② Poetic description of the environment; (3) accurate and vivid words and sentences.
Teaching design
It can be seen from teaching material analysis that the teaching content of Lianhua Lake is very rich, which should be an important support for us to impart knowledge and cultivate our ability. In order to train qualified primary school teachers, according to the requirements of the Outline of Selected Works in Normal Schools and the training focus of our unit, and according to the classroom teaching requirements of "big information, all-round, multimedia and high efficiency" in secondary normal schools, we have formulated five teaching objectives of this course, which integrate cognitive, technical and emotional objectives. The following is a brief introduction to these goals and their teaching methods.
Objective 1: Find out the dialogue descriptions in the text, explain how they express the thoughts and feelings of the characters, and accurately express the rich connotations contained in them through reading aloud by different roles.
This is the focus and difficulty of this course teaching. We adopt the method of "understanding and learning"-the teacher carefully talks about "night talk between husband and wife", so that students can understand and summarize the method of analyzing people's conversation: 1. Read the full text and analyze it in context; 2. Grasp the key words. For example, two words "laugh" and "whisper", monosyllabic words "thank you" and "hmm"; 3. Pay attention to the adverbial in the sentence. Such as "always" and "plain"; 4. Compare with him. Then, let the students practice the "test method": analyze and discuss the second part of "discussing husbands" in groups. Finally, arrange students to analyze the dialogue in the third part independently after class and write the dialogue fragments of the characters.
From understanding methods, trying methods to usage, from reading comprehension to trying writing, we should pay attention to extending from in-class to out-of-class, and finally completely break through the difficulties in teaching.
Goal 2: Find paragraphs describing the environment and explain their positive effects.
This is the secondary focus of this course, aiming at enabling students to learn and appreciate the language features and optimistic writing style of Mr. Sun Li's "poetic novels". The role of environmental description has been introduced in Blessing, and this lesson should be improved. Let the students sum up their positive role-setting the stage for the plot; Ease tensions; Show optimism. Then ask individual students to point out the specific functions of each place in class, and finally guide everyone to read and recite "Seats under the Moon" and "Lakes and Mountains in the Sun" with emotion, so as to deepen understanding and cultivate a sense of language.
From concreteness to abstraction to concreteness, following students' cognitive process embodies Benjamin S. Bloom's thought of "teaching by objectives".
Goal 3: By comparing and analyzing the similarities and differences of Xianglinsao, Niu and other figures, under the educational guidance of the China Production Party, fully understand the personality characteristics of working women in the anti-Japanese base areas, especially Baiyangdian.
This is still the secondary focus of this course, which can help students understand the method of analogy analysis and improve their level of analyzing characters. The first two characters have just been analyzed, so Niu can briefly introduce them, and the comparative analysis is simple and easy.
Goal 4: Write a paragraph-level outline for the article accurately and concisely.
This is another secondary focus of this course. It can not only improve students' level of segmentation, but also urge students to read and understand the text carefully after class and save classroom teaching time. The teaching method can be "comment method". The key points are: 1. Try to use words and phrases; 2. The format is symmetrical and neat; 3. The third part of the hierarchy. (See teaching material analysis)
Goal 5: Following the text, simply analyze and introduce the writer's works and their creative styles.
The background of the times and the author's brief introduction do not need to be comprehensive, nor do teachers need to complete them in the first part of the lecture and reading class. This should give future gardeners a clear understanding. We put this lesson at the end: after reading the text, let the students consult the reference books themselves, closely following the creative style of Mr. Sun Li's "poetic novel"; There is no need to take his life and works to heart.
The following are the teaching contents of different classes: Class 1: Goals 1 and 4; Category II: Goals 2 and 3; The third class: goal five, when the whole class reviews and modifies the imitation fragments arranged in the first class.
(Note: Most of the quotations are from Collected Works of Sun Li and the Late Ji Hua published by Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House. )