Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (1799-1837) was a great Russian national poet, the founder of Russian realist literature, the creator of Russian literary language, and a 19th-century poet. A pinnacle of world poetry in the 20th century.
Pushkin is the darling of the times and the banner of the times. As the embodiment of national consciousness, he reflects the aspirations and aspirations of the Russian people for national dignity, national independence, and social progress. Pushkin had a huge influence on Russian writers, and no poet from any other country can compare with him in this regard.
Pushkin’s adolescence
Pushkin was born in an old aristocratic family in Moscow in 1799. In his early years, he was influenced by his nanny Alina Rodionovna, who was a serf. In 1811, he entered the Tsarskoye Selo School in Petersburg. The patriotic fervor inspired by the War of 1812 greatly inspired the young Pushkin. While at school, he established deep friendships with future Decembrists such as Chuherbokai. By this time, his poetic talent had begun to emerge. In 1814, he recited the poem "Memories of Tsarskoe Selo", which was highly praised by the old poet Gerchavin who was present. After graduating in 1817, Pushkin worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and successively joined the "Arzamas Society" and the "Green Lantern Society". Under the influence of the Decembrists, Pushkin wrote many political lyric poems during this period, criticizing the autocratic system, praising freedom and sympathizing with the people's misfortunes, such as "Ode to Freedom" (1817) and "To Chadayev" ( 1817), "Countryside" (1819), etc. He also wrote a narrative poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila". Pushkin's political lyrics had a great impact, for which he was politically exiled to southern Russia by the tsarist government.
Southern Exile Period
After Pushkin came to South Russia in May 1820, he stayed in Yekaterinoslav and Kishinev and other places, and went to places like the Caucasus and Crimea. The area in southern Russia was the stronghold of the Decembrists' Yunshe Society. Pushkin had a close relationship with them and was ideologically influenced by them. Exile life and the natural scenery of the south also left their mark on Pushkin's creation during this period. The period of exile in the South was the climax of Pushkin's romantic poetry. In the past few years, he wrote four famous romantic narrative poems: "The Captive of the Caucasus", "The Robber Brothers", "The Fountain of Tears of Bah?esaray" and "Gzigan". In 1823, Pushkin began writing the poetic novel "Eugene Onegin" in Kishinev. During the later years of his southern exile, relations between Pushkin and the Governor of Odessa deteriorated. In 1824, the authorities intercepted a personal letter from Pushkin that "offended" God, and used this as an excuse to banish Pushkin to his mother's territory, the village of Mikhailovsk, Pskov Province, and put him under house arrest.
The period of rural confinement
The village of Mikhailovsk was very remote, and only the old nanny accompanied him. He broke off contact with the Decembrists, but became close to rural life under serfdom and ordinary Russian people. In the past two years, he often went to the market to listen to farmers talking and singing, and paid great attention to collecting folk tales and oral legends. Pushkin learned the people's language from there and absorbed many useful nutrients, all of which had a great influence on Pushkin's later creations. In the past two years, Pushkin created many excellent works, such as "Prisoners", "To the Sea", "To Kane" and "If Life Deceived You", dozens of lyric poems, and the narrative poem "Count Nulin" , the historical drama "Boris Godunov", and the first six chapters of "Eugene Onegin".
While he was under house arrest in the countryside, the Decembrist uprising broke out in Petersburg. Pushkin has always been concerned about the development of tense. After the failure of the uprising, the newly elected Tsar Nicholas I decided to recall the poet to Moscow in order to win him over.
The period of returning to the capital
During this period, Pushkin wrote many poems that enthusiastically praised the lofty aspirations of the Decembrists. "To the Prisoners of Siberia" is one of the famous ones. One song. In the autumn of 1830, Pushkin stayed in Bolkino for some reason. These three months became a fruitful period in Pushkin's creation. He completed "Eugene Onegin", "Belkin's Novels" (including "Shooting", "The Snowstorm", "The Village Girl" and "The Station Master"), four small tragedies and several Ten Lyric Poems.
After Pushkin married Goncharova, they settled in Petersburg. His actions were still monitored by the tsarist government. During this period, Pushkin continued to produce outstanding works in creation, such as the novels "The Captain's Daughter", "The Queen of Spades", "Dubrovsky", the narrative poem "Poltava", and "The Bronze Horseman" , the lyrical poems "To the Poet", "Autumn" and "Monument", etc. In the mid-1930s, the conflict between Pushkin and the authorities intensified. At this time, a French exile, Dantes, pursued his wife wantonly. Unable to bear it, Pushkin fought with Dantes in a duel on February 8, 1837, and died. He was seriously injured and died two days later.
Robert Frost (1874～1963) American poet. Born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, western United States. His father died when he was 11 years old, and he moved to New England in the northeast with his mother.
Since then, he has been inseparable from that land. Frost began writing poetry at the age of 16 and officially published his first poem at the age of 20. He worked diligently on writing and published more than 10 poetry collections in his life, the main ones include "North of Boston" (1914), "In the Mountains" (1916), "New Hampshire" (1923), "Western Stream" "(1928), "The Witness Tree" (1942) and "The Glade" (1962), etc. Frost's poems can be divided into two categories: lyrical short poems and dramatic narrative poems, both of which are popular. Frost's lyric poems mainly describe nature and farmers, especially the New England scenery and northern farmers. These poems are vivid and vivid, with strong appeal, and are very popular among readers of all levels. His narrative poems are generally in a low tone, reflecting the gloomy side of the poet's thoughts and personality. Frost's worldview is relatively complex. He sees the world as a mixture of good and evil. Therefore, on the one hand, his poems describe the beauty of nature and its benefits to mankind, and on the other hand, they also write about its destructive power and the misfortunes and disasters it brings to mankind. One of the biggest characteristics of Frost's poetry style is that it is unpretentious and meaningful, embodying profound thinking and philosophy in plain content and concise and simple verses. This is not only Frost's artistic pursuit, but also the secret of his career success.