Zhang Hu's He Manzi was chosen as one of the 300 Tang poems. This is a short poem about palace grievances. The first sentence is that maids are far from home; Two sentences have been written in the palace for many years; Write grief and indignation to the extreme in three sentences; Write four sentences to show your tears in front of you. Generally, the poems of palace resentment mostly describe the sufferings of the ladies who are out of favor or unlucky, but this poem is contrary to its custom. Writing in front of the monarch, crying and complaining about others, also shows the true colors of a woman deprived of happiness and freedom. This is unique. Only one verb is used in the whole poem. Others are composed of nouns, so they are particularly concise and powerful; Numbers are embedded in each sentence to express events clearly. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
A string of numbers full of tears in the poem: "3,000 Li" is far away from the old country, and "20 years" is married to the deep palace. All grief and indignation are condensed into this "one voice" He Manzi, but "double tears" are seen before the arrival of the king. Four numbers and twenty words highly refine a tragic life story, and it is so accurate, clear, concise and powerful. It's a classic of lifting weights easily and minimizing big problems! Beautiful youth, picturesque years, higher price freedom, have been destroyed and deprived! Its troubles, its injuries, its sorrows, its pains, its sorrows, its bitterness, its misfortunes and its sorrows. . . . . . Like "1" angry He Manzi, the lingering sound lingers for a long time.
original text
He Manzi.
Author: Zhang Hu
A maid-in-waiting lived 1000 miles away from home for twenty years.
However, ask her for this song and use the first few words of this song to see how she tries to hold back her tears.
To annotate ...
1, hometown: refers to hometown.
2. Jun: Tang Wuzong.
Rhyme translation
My hometown is three thousand miles (farewell to my brothers and parents); Live in seclusion in a lady of the palace lived here these twenty years (like a parrot in a cage).
Listening to her asking me for this song, listening to the first few words of this song, (I can't help but think of my life); Tears in your eyes in front of you. How difficult you have caused me!
Comment and analysis
Generally, the short poems of palace grievances written in quatrains always reveal only a corner of the picture of life, so that readers can see the tragic life of the imperial secretary from piecemeal scenes; At the same time, it is often written euphemistically and implicitly, leaving some content for readers to imagine and ponder. This poem is different. It shows a whole picture of life, telling stories directly and writing feelings directly.
There are only twenty words in a poem. In the first half of the poem, the author condensed all the experiences of a claustrophobic imperial secretary who was far away from his hometown in just ten words with ease and complex brushwork. The first sentence "A Thousand Miles from Home" is written from the perspective of space, which is far from home; The second sentence, "A maid-in-waiting has lived here for twenty years", has been written in the palace for a long time since the time. These two poems not only have high generality, but also have strong appeal; It not only expresses the sorrow of the heroine in the poem once, but also expresses her sorrow in a double and deeper way. Unfortunately, it is tragic enough that a young girl was elected to the palace, separated from her family and the outside world, and lost her happiness and freedom. Moreover, her hometown is 3 thousand miles away, and the years are as long as 20 years, which makes readers feel that her fate is more tragic and her life experience is more sympathetic. Similar to these two poems, there is a couplet in Liu Zongyuan's poem "My Last Brother Zong Yi": "I went six thousand miles and died for twelve years", which also shows that the country that has been gone for a long time is particularly sad. This is to increase the weight and depth of the poem by doubling and entering a layer. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
The second half of the poem turned to writing grievances, and the fact that a sad song fell with tears directly wrote the long-buried grievances of the people in the poem. These last two poems are also won by strength, not by implication. Poets used to say that poetry is expensive and implicit, but it is not absolute. It should be said that whether a poem is straight, implicit or strong depends on its content. The first half of this poem has written the tragic situation of the people in the poem to the extreme, and accumulated enough strength to force out the grievances. Then in the second half, it is bound to make the grievances of the people in the poem gush out and pour out quickly. Only in this way can the whole poem appear strong and powerful, and can it receive artistic effects that impress readers. What is particularly worth mentioning here is that some court resentment poems write that the reason for the royal family's resentment is that it is not desirable to see the emperor or fall out of favor with the emperor; This poem is just the opposite. The grievances it wrote were produced in front of the emperor and when the people's songs and dances were appreciated by the emperor. Combined with the first two sentences, this resentment is not because it is denied contact or out of favor, but because it is deprived of happiness and freedom. It's what Liu Zao said in a "Nagato Complaint" that "I don't miss you, but hate you".
This poem also has two characteristics. First, among the four poems, the first three sentences are noun words without predicates. Xie Zhen once pointed out in "Four Poems" that "there are many content words in poems, which are deliberately simple and sentences are healthy", and the example he cited of "all using content words" is a famous sentence. The reason why this poem is particularly concise and powerful is related to the use of this special poetic structure. Another feature is that in the four poems, "three thousand miles" means distance, "twenty years" means time, "one song" and "two tears", and every sentence uses numbers. Numbers often play a special role in poetry. They can express a thing and a question more clearly and accurately, give readers a deeper impression, and make poems particularly refined and powerful. These two artistic features of this poem complement each other with its content.
Du Mu, a contemporary poet of Zhang Hu, appreciated this poem very much. In a poem to reward Zhang Hu, there is a phrase "Poor family is thousands of miles away, singing its words for nothing". Thus, this poem by Zhang Hu tells the bitterness of imperial secretary and what imperial secretary wants to say. At that time, it was introduced into the palace and widely sung by imperial secretaries.
comment
Zhang Hu was a poet in the Tang Dynasty who was good at speaking with numbers.
This is a string of numbers full of tears: a thousand miles from her home and a lady of the palace lived here these twenty years got married, and all the grief and indignation condensed into this "one voice" He Manzi, but they saw "double tears" before the fall.
Four numbers and twenty words highly refine a tragic life story, and it is so accurate, clear, concise and powerful. It's a classic of lifting weights easily and minimizing big problems! Beautiful youth, picturesque years, higher price freedom, have been destroyed and deprived! Its troubles, its injuries, its sorrows, its pains, its sorrows, its bitterness, its misfortunes and its sorrows. . . . . . Like "1" angry He Manzi, the lingering sound lingers for a long time.
Not miss you, but hate you! (Liu Zao's "Nagato Complain")
Bai Juyi wrote in a poem: "Manchu is a person's name. When the punishment was imminent, the music began. A song with four words and eight stacks is heartbreaking from the beginning. " And self-note cloud: "At the beginning of Kaiyuan, in order to redeem his death, the name of Cangzhou singer was included in this song, but the world was inevitable."
Sikuquanshu, Ji Bu, Poetry Review, Rhyme and Yang Qiu-Zhang Hu's poem say, "A maid-in-waiting lived here for twenty years thousands of miles away." Du Mu rewarded it and wrote a poem: "Being poor is thousands of miles away from her home, and singing lyrics for nothing." Therefore, Zheng Jiayun said: "Thousands of miles away from her home, who knows Du Du alone."
This poem by Zhang Hu tells the bitterness of imperial secretary and the heartfelt wishes of imperial secretary. At that time, it was introduced into the palace and widely sung by imperial secretaries. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
There is another story about this poem: later, this word was introduced into the palace. When Tang Wuzong was seriously ill, the most beloved princess Cai Meng asked to sing a song for her. When I sang "Ask her to sing this song and use the first few words of this song", I died of a broken heart. Hegel said: "The so-called touching is the ringing of emotions." This poem "He Manzi" is the most heartbreaking work in Tang poetry, and He Manzi has since become synonymous with sadness.
Zhang Hu lived in Suzhou in his early years and often traveled to fireworks, Yangzhou, Hangzhou and other cities. Travel around the mountains and visit famous Buddhist temples. Zhang Hu's 10 volume and 468 poems are still well preserved. His poetic style is quiet and vigorous, with seclusion, but slightly not fresh and vivid; The theme of chanting is quite rich (including many temple inscriptions and poems about various musical instruments and birds, etc.) ). His representative works include Crossing the Ferry in Nanjing, Wild Goose Gate, Sending Su Shao to Lingnan, Walking on the Stone Shore, Nostalgia in Sui Palace, Joining the Army, Love My Concubine as a Horse, Poems of Two Palace, Sleeping with Pine and Puwei Cuisheng, Listening to Zheng, Scattered Flowers Building, etc.
Appreciation of Zhang Hu's Tang Poems
One night in Jinshan Temple, a group of people passed away. Monks return to the moon at night, and dragons come out of the clouds.
You can see it in the tree and hear it on both sides of the clock. Thinking about this city, I was drunk all day.
-"Tirunzhou Jinshan Temple"
Spending the night on the mountain at Jinling Ferry, trouble sleeping, is full of dreams about home and mother. The tide sets on the moon, and the second and third fires in Guazhou.
-"At Nanjing Ferry"
No one entered the ancient temple, and the old tung was pale and astringent. Ants walk on the shell of cicadas, and snakes shuttle in their nests.
Alone in shallow water, covered by light dust. Sex comes late, weeds can't survive.
-"The Temple of Saints"
At the sight of the mountains in autumn, Fang pitied the painter. Waves on the wall and clouds flying under the eaves.
The trees in the mountains are still in winter, and the sails don't return at dusk. The result is a fisherman, and I don't want to face that day.
-"The Problem of Mountains and Rivers"
Inscription He Manzi
He Manzi and Bai Letian said in a poem: "Man Zi is a person's name. When the punishment was imminent, the music began. A song with four words and eight stacks is heartbreaking from the beginning. " Note from the cloud: "In the Kaiyuan period, the name of Cangzhou singer entered this song to redeem his death, but it was inevitable." He Manzi of Wei Yuan said, "He Man can sing everywhere. Tianbao was famous in the middle of the year. Infant punishment in prison, funeral songs and depression. The disciple of Liyuan played Yuan Zong and sang the song "Thanks for staying in the net". Then He Man was named as a song title, and the royal family personally wrote Yuefu. " Besides, emperors shouldn't have hobbies. Ming Taizu likes melody, but the sinner wants to make music to redeem his death. However, Bai Yuan has made friends all his life, and the rate of hearing and seeing is quite high, but it is rare for him to be alone in this matter. Lu ZaShuo says: "After the nectar, the literati will go to the temple to see the peony, recite Shu's Peony Fu, sigh and cry, and have a happy life." The imperial envoy Shen Dance He Manzi said: Clouds cover the sun. You know this book. This is a golden armband. "The poet Feng Xue said in He Manzi's poem," The old man in the Horse Palace will win the cup and spread the yellow. I can't see you now. I hate the light of Sichuan. "In five words and four sentences, Lotte's so-called four words and one song are also a few songs. Eight-fold music is suspected of harmony, such as the fisherman Qin Wang. This word is disyllabic, with two paragraphs and six sentences, five sentences and six characters, and one sentence and seven characters. The same is true of Yin 'e and Li Lie in the Five Dynasties. Other officials often do only one paragraph, but six sentences have six words, and none of them have five words. The lyrics are different, that is, we know it is not an old song. As "Yuefu Miscellanies" said: "Lingwu secretariat, buying wine, sitting in the guest's surname Luo, singing Man Zi, are all wonderful. Bai Xiucai said,' There is a prostitute at home, and the tune of this song is different.' Called to the song, the voice is clear and clear, almost abnormal. He asked, "Is it the second son of Hu in the palace?" The prostitute looked familiar and said,' Do you worship evil spirits in the pear garden?' When you cry relatively, you are all from the Ming Dynasty. As a gifted scholar, he sighed in Meng: "I sing a good song because of my singing method." Sing the twelfth spring in the palace. But ask her to sing this song, and use the first few words of this song, and Cai Meng must be hanged next spring. "The preface said:" Wu Zong was seriously ill, and his talent was favored by Song and Sheng, and he was close to Shi. "Above, I said,' What can I do if I call a spade a spade?' He pointed to the bag and cried, "Please take this as a slap." Shang Min has escaped. He replied:' I have tasted art songs, and I want to sing a song to vent my anger. Xu Zhi, a singer who hasn't spoken yet, asked her for this song and used its first few words, so she became angry and died. The superior ordered the doctor to wait for him and said,' The pulse is still warm and the intestine is dead. A cloud muscle is still warm and heartbroken. If it collapses, it will migrate, and the heavier it is. The discussant said, "You must be a talented person." Life is dying, it is an elevator. There is a chapter in the "He Manzi" of Guangxu, a pseudo-Shu Sun, which says: "If the crown and sword do not follow, the rivers will be * * * deep." I think it's for Cai Meng. Another maid-in-waiting said, "A thousand miles away from her home, a maid-in-waiting has lived here for twenty years. However, ask her this song, the first few words, and see how she tries to hold back her tears. " Its details are hard to get and smell.
Brief introduction of the author
Zhang Hu's date of birth and death is unknown. His name is Ji Cheng, a poet of the Tang Dynasty and a native of Qinghe (now Qinghe, Xingtai). Born in Zhang Qinghe about (AD 782) into a noble family with a distinguished family background. His name is Zhang Gongzi. He lived in Suzhou first and then went to Chang 'an. He was recommended by Linghu Chu of Changqing, but he didn't report it. He built the Governor's Mansion, was excluded by Yuan Zhen, then went to Huainan, loved the four emperors of Danyang, and lived in seclusion to the end. He died in the sixth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 852).
Zhang Hu lived in Suzhou in his early years and often traveled to Yangzhou, Hangzhou and other cities, and wrote poems about famous temples. His poem "Jinshan Temple in Runzhou" is unprecedented. One of his "Two Poems in the Palace": "Thousands of miles away from home, a maid-in-waiting has lived here for twenty years. However, ask her for this song and use the first few words of this song to see how she held back her tears. Later, this word was introduced into the palace. When Tang Wuzong was seriously ill, Meng Cairen begged for a song and sang "I only want her to sing this song with her first few words", but she died of heartbroken anger. This delicate and sincere * * * song just shows the charm of Hu Shi.
Bai Juyi appreciates Zhang Hu's Hunting Poems, and thinks that compared with Wang Wei's, it's hard to tell the pros and cons. But he is a shy man, refusing to go with the flow, never touching his official career or the royal family for life. In his later years, Zhang Hu planted and settled in Qu 'a, Danyang. Try to chat with the old people in the neighboring village, enjoy bamboo, tea and drink, imitate the seclusion of Xanadu, and end up with cloth.
Although Zhang Hu's life as an official was unfavorable, and his deeds were not recorded in the history books, many of his poems have been handed down to this day, including 349 poems of the Tang Dynasty, and 469 poems of Zhang Chengji collected by Beijing Library in the early Southern Song Dynasty, which are known as "celebrities at home". Throughout Zhang Hu's life, he has made remarkable achievements in poetry creation. "Thousands of miles away from home, a maid-in-waiting lived here for 20 years", hence Zhang Hu's name, but his career was bumpy. Like his works, he has his own unique style. While indulging in debauchery, he lingered in poems and songs, at the same time, he also valued Ren Xia's benevolence and righteousness, liked to talk about war and sword, and had the ambition to serve his country. He hoped to enter politics, work for the imperial court and show his ambition. In interpersonal communication, he was famous for his poems, entertained friends at cocktail parties, and met many celebrities and officials. However, due to his aloof and arrogant personality, he was detained many times in our time and became a servant. Chen Li is helpless, "living in seclusion and doing nothing, drinking and reading Li Sao", "drinking for thousands of years and loving poetry all his life".
After Zhang Hu's death, Pi Rixiu, a doctor in Taichang, sent a poem: "It is not expensive to make friends for a generation, but all the lakes are poor. The soul should be a Jedi, and its name and legacy are on Mitchell. "
Zhang Hu's 10 volume and 468 poems are still well preserved. His poetic style is quiet and vigorous, with seclusion, but slightly not fresh and vivid; The theme of chanting is quite rich (including many temple inscriptions and poems about various musical instruments and birds, etc.) ). His representative works include Crossing the Ferry in Nanjing, Wild Goose Gate, Sending Su Shao to Lingnan, Walking on the Stone Shore, Nostalgia in Sui Palace, Joining the Army, Love My Concubine as a Horse, Poems of Two Palace, Sleeping with Pine and Puwei Cuisheng, Listening to Zheng, Scattered Flowers Building, etc. There are ten volumes in total, and two volumes of poetry are compiled (Volume 5 10 and Volume 5 1 1 of Complete Tang Poetry).
Contrast between English and Chinese
She sang an old song.
Zhang Hu
A maid-in-waiting lived 1000 miles away from home for twenty years.
However, ask her for this song and use the first few words of this song to see how she tries to hold back her tears.
She sang an old song.
Zhang Hu
She has been a lady in the palace for twenty years,
She lives a thousand miles from home-
Ask her for this song, use the first few words of this song,
See how hard she tries to hold back her tears.