Feathered conscription documents are like meteors, and the tiger symbols dispatched by the imperial court are sent to Zhoucheng. The cry for emergency rescue shook the field and made the nightingale cry. The emperor shines as high as day in the palace, and the ministers of the three countries perform their duties. Heaven and earth follow the Tao, running naturally, the world is clear and peaceful. Excuse me, why are you in such a hurry to transfer troops now? The answer is in Chu. Prepare to cross Lushui in May and go to Yunnan to conquer Nanzhao. Recruited foot soldiers are too timid to fight, and the south is too hot to travel far. The recruiter cried goodbye to his family, which made the sun and the moon desolate. Tears shed into blood, and the enlisted soldiers and relatives were heartbroken and hoarse. Their struggle with Nanzhao is like driving away trapped animals to compensate tigers and sending poor fish to feed long whales. There is no reward, and no one is born. How I wish that the Tang Dynasty could recruit people from afar, dance and perform a symbolic dance, just like Shun did, and let Miao submit.
Note 1 feather bang: Ancient military emergency documents were called "feather bang" because they were inserted with bird feathers to indicate urgency. Tiger symbol: the symbol of ancient soldiers. Most of them are tiger-shaped, split in two, half of them stay in Beijing and the other half are given to local generals. The combination of the two can send troops. Special cities: In ancient times, Zhou Mu and Taishou were called special cities. 3 during the day: called the emperor. Wei Zi: The name of the star symbolizes the imperial court. Four, three, three: Tang Taiwei, Stuart, three. Trade-offs: authority. 5 "Heaven and Earth" sentence: Laozi: "The sky is clear and the ground is flat. 6 Chu conscription: the general statement of recruiting foot soldiers in the south. 7 "Dulu" sentence: In ancient times, the land and water were full of miasma, and the transition could only take place in May. Lushui, Lushui, is the Jinsha River in Yunnan today. Trombone: Tears streaming down her face. Strict relatives: In ancient times, the father was called "strict father", which means parents. 9 "miserable crystal: describe the bleak sun and moon, which has lost its luster. Twelve silent: It means that the husband and his relatives are crying. ⑾ "Trapped Beast" sentence: Nanzhao army is like a killer whale, and Tang army is like a trapped beast. ⑿ "How" two sentences: According to "Collection of Arts and Literature", Volume 11 quotes "Imperial Century": "If the Miao family refuses to accept it, please ask for it. Shun said," I am not good at martial arts, nor am I a Taoist. I used to have a different religion. "I have been practicing teaching for three years, and I dance with it. Please accept the seedlings. " Fuck, shield. Qi, axe.
Antique: The first creation background This poem was written in the ninth year of Tianbao (75 1). At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was arrogant and extravagant, and the traitor Yang once ordered Jiannan to make our army attack Nanzhao (Dali, Yunnan) with 80,000 troops in the fresh air, and fought against Luofeng of Nanzhao on the banks of the Er River. As a result, Tang Bing was defeated, killing 89 people. According to Zi Jian, after Zhong Tong's defeat, Yang was not willing to stop there, and went to dispatch troops, so he went to various places to collect troops, and even sent the empire to various States and counties to allocate troops and escort them to the army to solve the urgent need of Nanzhao. This poem is written for this matter.
The first appreciation of the first four sentences of this poem directly shows the local war, rendering the whole country shrouded in tension and panic, and people are in fear. "Feather stick" refers to the recruitment document with feathers inserted, indicating urgency; The "tiger symbol" is a voucher for the imperial court to dispatch troops. It is carved into the shape of a tiger with a bronze carving and divided into two halves. When dispatching troops, both should be checked. It is said that "Yubang" flies as fast as a meteor in the night sky, which shows that the urgency is increasing; It is said that "Tiger Symbol" was written by all states and counties. What is more obvious is that there are many and frequent conscription, and the frontier is in a hurry and the situation is tense. Followed by the sentence "Shout loudly", followed by the first two poems, write the form of urging the border. Who is shouting? There is no explanation in the poem, but it is not difficult to understand that there are not only the voices of the people, but also the orders of the officers, and there is chaos, so that even the birds in the forest are singing in the middle of the night. It is conceivable that people are nervous and restless. Although these poems do not describe the fighting scenes in which swords and shadows kill each other, nor do they specifically describe the scenes in which officials casually arrest people, they tell the whole story of people's inner panic and unbearable psychological burden in a tense and flustered situation, which is powerful and exciting.
Then, just like the transition between video and camera, the following four poems "Daylight" show a peaceful and quiet picture. "Sunlight" symbolizes the emperor, and "Wei Zi" is a metaphor for the imperial court; "Three Publics" refers to Qiu, Situ, and "Three Publics" with the highest official positions among courtiers. They hold the destiny of the country, and it stands to reason that the world should be governed in a clear and peaceful way. To borrow a word from Laozi, "the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the ground is flat" means that the world is unified and the four sides are stable. Here, in the scene of praising peace in the past, secretly condemning those in power, satirizing the initiator and planner of Nanzhao, poets and the broad masses of the people's thoughts against unjust wars naturally penetrate into it, which is profound and intriguing.
"May I ask why? Answer "Chu conscription". These two sentences are concrete explanations of the above poem, which means: the country was stable before. Why are you so scared and confused now? This is entirely due to the invasion of the south and large-scale conscription. In ancient times, "Chu" generally referred to the south, and "Chu recruited soldiers", that is, conquered the southern army. The use of the question-and-answer form here is not only flexible in sentence structure, but also plays a role in linking and knotting in the framework of context, which can be described as ingenious. " "May in Luzhou" refers to Jinsha River, which was called "Lushui" in ancient times. According to legend, there is a lot of miasma along the river, especially in March and April, and it is slightly better after May. Zhuge Liang's Liezi has a sentence of "crossing Luzhou in May and going to the deep barren land". "I want to go to Yunnan to levy" is not only a poet's narrative, but also a soldier's feeling. When they heard that they were going to cross the Lushui River and fight in distant Yunnan, their hearts were tight, and they all felt that there was no return, and there was little hope of survival. Writing here, the poet was extremely angry with the militancy of the ruler and his indifference to people's lives, and was full of grievances, so he argued: "You can't travel far if you are afraid of death." This means that they are all prisoners, and it is difficult for them to go to the battlefield without fighting, let alone go to a border place like Yunnan. The crime of driving people to death during Li Tang's period was exposed.
Four sentences, from "trombone" to "destroying the heart", specifically describe the tragic scene when the soldiers who went to war were forced to leave their homes. The exiles bid farewell to their parents and relatives before leaving. This is the separation of life and the farewell of death. They wailed at each other until their tears ran out and their hearts broke. The use of trombone in the poem is sad, sobbing, heartbroken and full of emotion, which has a strong effect on hearing and vision, leaving a deep impression on readers and showing this terrible tragedy in Where are you going?
The word "trapped beast" is another way of saying it. It calls "trapped beasts" and "poor fish" timid soldiers without fighting capacity, and "tigers" and "whales" fierce and powerful enemies. Under such circumstances that the strength of the enemy and ourselves is far from equal, the result of the war to expand the border is doomed to failure, and many conscripts can only die in vain. "If you don't go back a thousand times, are you still alive?" They were buried in the battlefield and became victims of the unjust war launched by the rulers. These words criticize and accuse the crimes of those in power through concrete metaphor and appropriate exaggeration, and also reflect the poet's deep sympathy for the broad masses of the people and shine with the brilliance of humanitarian thought.
The last two sentences of the poem have a deeper development in content, which further reveals the main idea of the poem and expresses personal beautiful ideals and wishes. "How to dance music can make Miao Ping", "Gan" as the shield and "Qi" as the axe. These two weapons are used to confuse music, which means to do a good job in politics and not conquer. "Youmiao" is the name of an ancient tribe. It is said that there was a Miao rebellion in Shun. Dayu suggested conquering them by force, but Shun disagreed, so Xiu De went into politics. Three years later, a shield and axe dance exercise was held, and if there were seedlings, they would surrender. By quoting this allusion, the poet insinuated that "the minister of the country can't be far away from people" (Supplementary Notes on the Classification of Small Collections) and resorted to force at every turn, which more clearly expressed his good wish to cultivate literature and realize Qingming politics. Obviously, the meaning here is exactly the same as the content of the following four sentences, echoing each other. This ingenious arrangement in structure, interlocking and seamless, can also show the uniqueness of the poet's artistic conception.
Li Bai's poems are famous for their romanticism. Although this poem also embodies these characteristics in the application of legend, exaggeration and imagination, it is basically realistic. Narrating the truth, writing the real scene, expressing the truth, using the methods of comparison and question and answer, skillfully combining description, discussion and lyricism, and reaching a superb realm, which can be said to be the embodiment of his poetic realism spirit.
Poetry: a poem of ancient style Author: Classification of Li Bai's poems in Tang Dynasty: war, lyricism and poetry creation