Ancient poetry is a model of classical Chinese, with diverse themes.
For example: Poetry and Qufu, ancient poetry is a genre of classical Chinese.
"Classical Chinese" is relative to "vernacular Chinese"
What is "classical Chinese"?
"Wen" refers to a written article.
"Speech" means writing, expressing and recording.
"Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular".
The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language".
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
2. How are classical Chinese, poetry and poetry distinguished? (1) Classical Chinese is wonderful.
There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture.
This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese. (2) Classical Chinese is knowledge.
This is right, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is purely a kind of writing. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
(3) Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression.
Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese. (4) "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese".
The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language.
"Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it shows that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later.
"Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words. The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style.
The latter's "text" refers to style. (5) Does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is.
When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools.
The application of seal script is also mostly the same. (6) The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history.
In a certain form, once a language-including dialects-has "culture" and "writing", that is, writing, its language charm is reduced, while the function of writing is doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
(7) In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: Did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference.
As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style. (8) When reading classical Chinese, I feel that my thinking is very clear, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, which is very solemn.
China's ancient translation formulas have their own order. Read the whole article first and get a general idea. Understand the theme first, collect information, understand all paragraphs to sentences, clauses to words, and deal with difficult sentences coherently, so you need to be careful, take care of the previous paragraphs, contact the following sentences, think carefully, try to figure out the tone, and strive to be reasonably close between words. If omitted, fill in the original intention and put brackets to indicate the gain.
Names and place names don't need to be translated. Names, according to the convention, are mine, and Er and Ru are yours. Omitting inversion is regular.
Content words and function words, with the interpretation of the text, sensitize the sense of language, and vary from sentence to sentence. After the translation, you must carefully compare the sentences, understand the tone, make the sentences fluent, and then stop writing.
Poetry is a literary genre, which expresses social life and people's spiritual world with concise language, rich emotions and rich phenomena according to the requirements of certain syllables, tones and rhythms. In ancient China, unhappy people were called poems and happy people were called songs.
It exists in the cultural tradition of human beings, and we have always maintained a high respect for words such as "poetry", "lyricism" and "beauty". Human beings not only have the ability to express their feelings, but also have this need, based on the need of survival.
In this way, lyric poetry is not only an aesthetic problem, but also a survival problem, and lyric attitude has become a category of human existence. With the development of civilization and the emergence of social division of labor, there have been "poets" who specialize in poetry.
The division between poets and non-poets arises from this. Poetry and poets are always associated with some mysterious force.
Poets are considered to be special and mysterious figures selected by and inspired by God. Poetics is about poetry, just as aesthetics is about beauty, it is difficult to have an accepted definition.
If you ask a poet "what is poetry", just like you ask an aesthete "what is beauty", it is difficult to get your satisfactory answer. Poetry is difficult to define, probably because "it belongs to the spiritual world too much, and it is spiritual in space". Poetry can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense.
When poems in broad sense and narrow sense are mixed together, "what is poetry" becomes more complicated. Heidegger is not satisfied with "classifying poetry into literature" and disagrees that "poetry must find its existing form in literature".
This is inevitably a biased theory. Poetry is a kind of language art, and it certainly belongs to literature, which includes poetry, prose and novels. Is there any doubt about this? However, the so-called poems here are only poems in a narrow sense.
There is also a kind of poem in a broad sense. Poetry in a broad sense no longer belongs to literature, nor is it a branch and part of literature.
When we distinguish poetry in a broad sense from poetry in a narrow sense, we can avoid a lot of confusion and the definition of poetry begins to be clear. Poetry in a broad sense is the general name of all arts (including literature as a language art), synonymous with natural beauty, artistic beauty and life beauty, a way for human beings to observe the world, and a way for human souls to inhabit after escaping from reality.
As a general term for art, we can say that all art is poetry: music exists.
Read this classical Chinese carefully, and then answer the questions about classical Chinese and ancient poems.
Two children debate day 1
When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing and asked him why.
A son said, "I went to four people when I left on the 3 rd, but it was far away at 5 o'clock at noon."
Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.
A Confucius said, "The sun enters the hood for six days, like a vegetable bowl. The far one is small, and the near one is not big? "
A Confucius said, "It's cool at the beginning of the day, like exploring soup at noon. Isn't this near hot and far cold? "
Confucius can't decide 10.
The two children laughed and said, "Which is 1 1, and which is more Zhihu than you?"
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1. This article is selected from Liezi Tang Wen. 2. debate: debate, debate. 3. take: think. 4. Go: Leave. 5. Japan and China: noon.
6. also: here. 7. plate jar: a container for holding things. Round is a dish, and square is a bowl. 8. Cool: Describe the feeling of cool. Warehouse: It means cold. 9. soup exploration: put your hand into hot water. It means it's very hot. 10. decision: judgment. 1 1. Who: Who? 12. You
1. Contact the text and talk about the meaning of the following sentences.
(1). I've been close to people since the sun, and I've alienated people since I arrived in Japan.
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(2) Japan and China are like plates, which are not small for people far away, but big for people near.
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(3) The beginning of the day is cool.
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(4) Confucius can't decide.
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(5) Who is Zhihu?
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2. The meaning of this article (translation).
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What can you learn from this story related to real life?
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4. The difference between ancient poetry and classical Chinese is simply the difference between modern prose and poetry.
Not much.
Ancient poetry pays attention to the depth of words and the fluency of sentences, and explains the greatest truth with the least words.
The meaning (what the author wants to express) has no dialogue situation.
Classical Chinese emphasizes the depth of words, but it is shallower than ancient poetry. "Wen" means writing an article.
"Speech" means writing, expressing and recording.
"Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular".
The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre. In ancient times, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
"Classical Chinese" refers to "articles written in written language" which are generally understandable and can have dialogue scenes.
I can understand this in general, and I don't want to read too much.
5. Translation of ancient Chinese poetry in the first volume of the seventh grade &; "Children's Fun" I. Vocabulary accumulation (I. Conventional vocabulary [I].
【 zhi 】 Young. Young, young.
[Qiu Hao] The new slender feathers of birds in autumn. Metaphor is the smallest thing.
Fine hair. [therefore] so.
Beyond the thing itself. In secret, secretly.
Compared with ... Imitation, comparison and analogy.
Approaching [towards]. [Hold your head high] Look up.
Ang, lift it up. Neck, neck.
An unrecorded account. [Xu] Slowly.
[View] Look, look. [Fruit] Sure enough.
Birds are singing. 【 Yi (y) ran 】 A look of ease and happiness.
Calm mind. Take ... as ... [Business English ... as. ...
[Gravel (Li)] Gravel and broken tiles. 【 He (hè) 】 Pits, valleys and deep ditches.
[fugue] it is pleasant and satisfying to travel in the imaginary realm. Interest [interest]
[change] means "original". 【 Be (wèi) 】 Quilt.
[Fang] is positive. [Whip] To whip with a whip.
[Dozens] Dozens. Drive out, drive out.
(2) The common name [Qiang] means "stiff" and stiff. (3) The idiom [Seeing through Autumn] makes people clear.
Look, look clearly. It turns out that he has a keen eye and can see even the smallest things clearly.
The latter describes people's insight into things. "Enjoy yourself" describes the appearance of freedom, happiness and satisfaction.
[happy] describes the heart is very happy. [Monster] Something with a huge appearance.
[Mosquitoes thunder in summer] Mosquitoes sound like thunder in summer, which describes that there are many mosquitoes. Second, literary common sense This article is selected from Six Chapters of a Floating Life? Leisure and entertainment. "
Author Shen Fu, a writer in Qing Dynasty. Third, the overall grasp of this paper describes several interesting things in childhood around "the interest outside things": First, mosquitoes are regarded as "cranes flying in the air" and "cranes whispering in the clouds"; The second is to regard bushes, insects, ants and gravel as Woods, beasts and gullies, respectively, and wander in them; The third is to drive away frogs when watching insects.
The first paragraph first points out the main idea of "interest outside things", and the second, third and fourth paragraphs describe it respectively. The author uses "interest outside things" to control several things, which is intended to show that he had spontaneous aesthetic consciousness and interest when he was young.
Fourth, read the query 1. From the first paragraph, what skills, habits and gains did I have as a child? Tip: Keep an eye on Japan and see through autumn. Habit: When you see something small, you must carefully examine its texture.
Harvest: Sometimes it's benefits beyond things. 2. What are the words that embody the center of the full text? Interest in external things. 3. What are some things written around "the interest outside things"? One is the interest in treating mosquitoes as cranes.
Second, wandering in the dreamland composed of grass, gravel, insects and ants. Watching insects fight away frogs' interest.
4. What words express the author's mood? What's the effect? Words: happy, happy, fugue, nature and so on. Function: The image truly reflects children's psychology of looking at things, showing "interest outside things" and making readers feel immersive.
5. Speculate the author's purpose of "driving Rana out of other hospitals". May revenge for "Erchong", the main reason is that it destroyed their own aesthetic taste.
6. What is the sentence that expresses the author's childlike innocence in the fourth paragraph? God decided to catch frogs, whip dozens and drive them out of the hospital. 7. What is the basis and key for the author to gain "interest outside things"? Foundation: Observe carefully.
The key: rich imagination. 8. From the text, we can see how the "interest outside things" came from. Have a strong curiosity.
② Observe carefully. (3) Have rich imagination.
The verb (the abbreviation of verb) is transferred and used 1. What inspiration did you get after learning this article? ① Love animals, love nature and live in harmony with life in nature. (2) to get a good experience, we should have strong curiosity, keen observation and rich imagination.
Be good at finding beauty in ordinary life, have a childlike innocence and be an interesting person. 2. You must have had a wonderful experience of "having fun outside things" in your childhood. Write it down and share it with everyone.
(for example, observe the movement of ants and imagine them as "troops" supporting the front line; See snowflakes flying all over the sky and treat them as scattered flowers; Build a small pond dam to block the water source, then open the pond dam and imagine the Yellow River bursting its banks; When I play house, I treat pine needles as leeks, handkerchiefs as bedding, dolls as children and small boxes as houses. I was intoxicated by their hands and mouths. ) 3. How to be an interesting person in life? Open-minded, not tired of life; Relax and use your imagination to treat difficulties and setbacks as friendly jokes of friends; Take all the good and bad things you encounter as gifts of life; A little "ah q spirit" or something.
4. Read the following ancient poem and talk about its interest. The Moon of the Ancient Waves When Li Bai was a child, he didn't know the moon. His name was Bai Panyu.
I suspect it is Yao's platform, flying in the sky. Children are observant, curious about things and imaginative.
They get psychological satisfaction and aesthetic taste in the wonderful experience of deep thinking and imagination. & Six Analects of Confucius I. Vocabulary accumulation (1) The conventional vocabulary [zi] refers to Confucius.
Review regularly. Sometimes, often (again: for a certain time).
Study, review, review and practice. Friend, here refers to like-minded people.
[also] also. Come from ...
[(don't) know] (don't) know [ù (yùn)] angry, angry.
A gentleman is a noble person. Myself.
Every day. 【 Three provinces (xǐng) 】 Conduct self-examination and introspection for many times.
Third, it means many times. Save and reflect.
[for (wèi)] Here. To plan, to do.
Do your best. Make friends and socialize.
Sincerity and honesty. Knowledge imparted by the teacher.
[Therefore] refers to the knowledge learned. [Wang (w m 4 ng)] confused.
It means to feel confused and at a loss. [dài)] Harmful.
[Teaching (Hu)] Teaching, teaching. Know (it); Know (it).
[Yes] This, this. A saint, a talented and virtuous person.
Qi, qi. [Inside] refers to the heart.
Good means strength. Good, good.
Follow, here refers to learning. In feudal times, scholars were called scholars.
Here refers to people with ambitions or special status. 【 warrior 】 warrior.
A burden, a burden that extends to responsibilities and obligations.
[heavy] is of great significance. It has stopped.
Cold winter. Years old means time.
[diā o]] withered. Perform [do].
I guess so. 【 shù 】 refers to Confucianism pushing others and being kind to others.
Think about it, hope. [Don't (w)] Don't.
Jia. (2) Common name, ancient and modern word 1. Common word: [female] is the same as "you", you.
[(Yes) Know (Also)] Know "wisdom" and be smart and wise. 2. Ancient and modern characters: [Say] The ancient word "Yue" is happy.
(3) The original meaning of the idiom "Happy" is "Aren't you happy?" It is now in use.
6. What are the problems in the translation of China's classical poems? so this is it？ In the Qing dynasty, Chu people seized the collection of Jian Xuan, and Dongpo discussed poetry with Xiaomei and Huangshan Valley.
Mei Yun said, "The breeze is fine and the willows are fine, and the plum blossoms are full moon. You have to add a word as a waist to form a five-character sentence. "
Po Yun: "The breeze shakes the willows, and the bright moon reflects the plum blossoms." Mei Yun: "Yiyi; Not yet. "
Huang Yue said: "The breeze dances with fine willows, and the bright moon hides plum blossoms." Mei Yun said, "Yes, it's not enough."
Bo Yun: "What would Ran Zemei say?" As the cloud goes, "the breeze helps the willows, and the fragrance of plum blossoms disappears the moon." They clapped their hands and said good.
Su Dongpo once discussed poetry with his sister and poetry friend Huang and explored each other. After my sister said "breeze willow" and "pale moon plum blossom", I asked my brother to add a word to them and say poetry.
Su Dongpo immediately said: the first sentence is "shake" and the second sentence is "reflect", that is, "the breeze shakes the willow and the bright moon reflects the plum blossom". Unexpectedly, Su Xiaomei called it "inferior".
Su Dongpo thought about it carefully and said proudly, "Yes,' the breeze and the willows dance together, and the plum blossoms are hidden in the moonlight'. ""Little sister smiled and said, "Not bad, but still not up to grade."
Huang Gu couldn't help asking, "What do you think?" Su Xiaomei read: "The breeze helps the willows, and the plum blossoms are defeated in the bright moon." Su Dongpo and Huang Gugu were chanting and pondering, and they couldn't help but say that it was wonderful.
When the translation is correct, take me as the best answer.
7. Who can give me eight ancient poems and classical Chinese? Be interesting. 1 Wang Wei.
House of Bamboo
I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song.
It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue.
This poem also shows a state of tranquility. In the first two sentences, the poet sat alone in the deep and dense bamboo forest, playing the strings and blowing a long whistle. In fact, no matter "playing the piano" or "whistling", it embodies the poet's elegant and free-spirited temperament and is not easy to cause others to sing. So the last two sentences said, "It's too light for anyone to hear except my comrade, Mingyue." I live in a secluded forest, and I don't feel lonely because the bright moon still shines on me all the time. The personification technique is used here, and the bright moon sprinkled with Yin Hui is regarded as a bosom friend, which shows the poet's novel and unique imagination. The style of the whole poem is quiet and leisurely, as if the poet's mood and natural scenery are integrated.
2 Li Shangyin-"Spring Rain"
When spring comes, I wear a coat with a white lining, but I only think about the white gate city where I can't go.
There are two red mansions facing the cold, covered by rain, and a pearl curtain lamp shakes my lonely heart and goes home.
The long road ahead will be full of new hardships, and the residual clouds are still vaguely like dreams.
Why, I see a lone goose in a cloud three thousand miles away.
Spring is a good sleep, and it will dawn before you know it;
I suddenly woke up and there were birds singing everywhere.
At night, there seems to be a rustling sound;
Oh, it's stormy. How many flowers have fallen?
The first two sentences of this poem are about thinking before dreams. In the deep bridal chamber, the spring breeze blew in last night, which shows that spring has come quietly. When spring returns to the earth and the wind enters the bridal chamber, it should have been full of spring scenery, but people living in the back room feel a little surprised, as if spring suddenly appeared. The change of seasons is easy to cause emotional fluctuations, especially when the cold and bleak winter turns into sunny spring. In the face of this beautiful season, how can we not miss the beauty in the distance? In ancient Chinese, the word beauty has a broader meaning than modern Chinese. Refers to both men and women, good-looking people and people with good moral character. This poem probably refers to lovers who leave, but no matter whether they are men or women, there is no way to sit down. Because a poet can write his own dreams, then this beauty is a woman. You can also write dreams for a woman. So, this beautiful woman is a man. There is no need to delve into this. In short, it is in the spring breeze, thinking about the beautiful scenery on the Xiangjiang River, and it is difficult to meet each other, so I miss it more.
The last two sentences are about dreams after thinking. Because of nostalgia during the day, I slept in the bridal chamber at night, because memories became dreams. Although I only stayed on the pillow for a while, I have traveled thousands of miles in my dream to the south of the Yangtze River (that is, the coast of Xiangjiang River where the beauty is located). The use of "movie time" is precisely to form a contrast with "a thousand miles". These two sentences not only describe many dreams in the dream, but also imply the usual secret love. In other words, the speed of time and the breadth of space are used to express the intensity and depth of feelings. (Song Yan Dao Ji's "Butterfly Loves Flowers" says: "Dream into the smoke and water road in the south of the Yangtze River, swim in the south of the Yangtze River, and don't leave people." That is, it has been poetic since then. ) What I couldn't do for many years when I was awake was realized in a dream movie. Although you are confused, you finally feel beautiful. Who doesn't have this kind of life experience? The poet made a touching reappearance here.