The feelings expressed by literati when climbing mountains are colorful, but more are to express inner loneliness and bitterness of life path. Under the influence of the pessimistic and sensitive mentality of the literati, the typical psychological characteristics of China literati are formed: consciously dispelling sadness and discomfort. Sorrow, sadness and sentimentality are the same themes in this kind of works.
What kind of feelings did the poet express in the process of climbing high and looking far?
First, sad autumn, hurt spring.
As the poet's specific lyric media, Ascending the Height and Autumn form a time-space combination full of death and vicissitudes, which greatly expands the aesthetic space of poetry. "Where is the synthesis of sorrow, autumn will keep people's hearts." (Wu Wenying's Tang Duoling) Sorrow, autumn, is not complete without climbing. Poems that associate sadness with autumn and climbing are poems that can skillfully write the sound of sadness. Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain: "I came from three thousand miles away. Sad autumn, my sorrow for a hundred years, I climbed this height alone. " Wang Anshi's Gui Zhixiang: "It's late autumn in my hometown, and the weather is early ..." Speaking of autumn sadness, it adds a bit of sadness.
Climbing high and hurting spring is Du Fu's "Climbing the Building": "Flowers, as high as my window, hurt the hearts of wanderers, because I see that from this height, there is sadness everywhere." How difficult it is to set off the countryside with scenery. Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Beach": "Inch by inch, soft-hearted, full of tears, the height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence. At the end of Pinger, there is Chunshan, and pedestrians are outside Chunshan. " The mood of climbing the mountain is integrated with the beautiful scenery, which can be described as "writing sadness with joy, multiplying it with sadness", and comparing the beautiful scenery, multiplying it with sadness.
Second, send "nostalgia".
Feel the vicissitudes of history, cling to the past with lofty thoughts, and satirize the present with the theme of borrowing the past. This kind of works include Wang Anshi's "Guizhi", which is a figurative "swan song". There is also Xin Qiji's "Forever Yu Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia", which is actually hurting the present and reciting historical facts.
Third, cherish the work of homesickness.
When the ancients traveled, the traffic was inconvenient, which made them "meet and hate each other late", thus making them feel reluctant to leave. Wang Wei has a sigh of "farewell to Lingaotai, Chuanyuan, birds returning at dusk, pedestrians walking". Meng Haoran has the feeling of "wandering in the south of Xianshan, boarding the boat every time to bid farewell" and "sentimentally attached to the old friend".
Fourth, express the generosity of your family life experience.
Xin Qiji's Shui Deng Jian Kang Xin Ting, Nan Xiang Zi Kou Ting You Huai and Chen's Linjiang Xian are all examples in this respect. Du Fu, the first person who successfully combined this feeling of climbing with his bumpy experience, was full of worries about the country. For example, his eight poems, such as Autumn Flourishing, Climbing Yueyang Tower, Climbing the Mountain, etc. At that time, Du Fu roamed Xiangjiang River and boarded Yueyang Tower. The sigh of home and country, the feeling of life experience and the feeling of anxiety of the times all come to mind. Climbing high and looking far, anxiety comes from this, and there is a sad meaning between the lines that the country is ruined and there is no place to live.
Influenced by the spirit of Confucianism's entry into WTO, scholars have embarked on their official careers. However, the cruel reality gave them a cold shoulder. Most of them are incompetent and ambitious, and can't build a country. So they turned to the Taoist idea of returning to nature. Climbing mountains to see the sea and lingering in the mountains and rivers became their pursuit, which is also a way to cultivate their temperament. However, looking up at the distance, or seeing the broken mountains and rivers, or seeing the vastness of the universe, seeing the smallness of itself, or seeing things being wrong, adds a lot of sadness. It is unfortunate that the reality strikes the literati, but it is also lucky, so the literati left us a brilliant chapter.
References:
Ancient Poetry and Ancient Literati' Feelings of Ascending the Mountain, Wang, Taiyuan Daily, 2010-11.