Poem title: "Lu Xiang Jue Qin". Real name: Zuo Qiuming. Era: Pre-Qin. Birthplace: Junzhuang, the capital of the State of Lu (now Feicheng, Shandong). Main works: "The Debate on Cao GUI", "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Army", "Zheng Burke Duan Yu Yan/Doing More Unrighteousness Will Destroy Yourself", "Confrontation between Zhou and Zheng", "Shi_Admonishing Favoring Zhouxu", etc. Main achievements: authored the chronological history book "Zuo Zhuan" and China's first national style history book "Guoyu". Belief: Confucianism.
We provide you with a detailed introduction to "Yin of Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou" from the following aspects:
1. For the full text of "Lü Xiang Jue of Qin", click here to view "Lü Xiang Jue of Qin" The details of "Qin"
On Wuwu in the fourth month of summer, the Marquis of Jin sent Prime Minister Lu to fight against Qin.
He said: "In the past, I was caught by Duke Xian and Duke Mu, who were good friends.
Work together and make an oath of alliance.
It is a disaster for the Jin State.
Wen Gong is like Qi and Hui Gong is like Qin.
No Lu, Xian Gong is alive.
Mugong does not forget his old virtues, so that I can worship him in Jin Dynasty. >
I also regretted that I had gathered my father-in-law.
This is what Mu Zhicheng said. p>
The princes who conquered the east, the Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou Zhiyin,
and then went to the Qin Dynasty, they also repaid their old virtues.
The people of Zheng are angry at the king's territory, and I, Duke Wen, command the princes and Qin to surround Zheng.
Doctor Qin doesn't ask about my little prince, but he is good at Zheng Meng.
If the princes become ill, they will be fatal to Qin.
If Duke Wen is afraid and calms the princes,
Qin's defeat is still harmless, which means I have great achievements in the west.
"With no salary, Duke Wen is here;
Mu is not willing to mourn, and he scorns my king to death.
I am a widower and my husband, and he wants to take over my land.
p>
Destroy me and protect my city.
Destroy me and separate my brothers.
Trouble my alliance and overthrow my country. /p>
I, Duke Xiang, have not forgotten your old merits, but are afraid of the demise of the country.
Therefore, I am willing to forgive Duke Mu,
Gong Mu. If you don't listen, Chu will conspire with me.
Heaven has tempted him, and the king has died.
Kang and Ling ascended the throne. Mr. Kang,
I have come out of my own house, and I want to invade my palace.
Overthrow my country. I am a traitor.
I have been shaken since then. On the border, I have the Battle of Linghu.
Kang is still not timid, he enters the meander of the river,
cuts my Suchuan River, captures my royal officials,
and ties my horses, so I have the meander of the river. battle.
If the east road is blocked, it is good for Kang Gong to rule me out.
"As your heir, I, King Jinggong, led me to the west and said:
'My concubine caress me!' You are not willing to make an alliance,
Liwu has Di Nan, who enters my He County,
burns my Ji and Gao, and destroys my farm work.
I have a pious Liu Liu, so I have a auxiliary clan.
You also regret that the misfortune has been delayed, and you want to enjoy the blessings of Xian and Mu,
Send Bo Che to me, Duke Jing, and say: "I and women like to abandon each other." Evil,
Restore old virtues in memory of previous achievements
'The oath has not yet been fulfilled, Jinggong came to this world,
I am the king. There is a meeting of Linghu. It is unlucky for you.
Bai Di and you are in the same state.
You are in love with me.
< p>The king came and said: "I and my daughter are going to fight against Di." I dare not care about my marriage, and I am afraid of the king's power.I am ordered by the officials. He was worried about Di,
said: "The Jin general attacked the girl.
" Di responded and hated me.
The Chu people are evil kings. Ersan's virtue also came to me and said:
'Qin betrayed Linghu's alliance and came to seek alliance with me:
"Send to the God of Haotian and the Three Dukes of Qin , The three kings of Chu said: "Although I go in and out with Jin, I only see it as beneficial." '"If you don't hate it, it has no virtue.
This is to declare it, and to punish it.
'The princes are ready to hear this, and they are heartbroken and sad,
< p>_As for me, I am a handsome man who obeys my orders.The best thing to do is to ask for help. >Then it is my wish that I accept the peace of the princes and retreat. How can I dare to cause rebellion? >
Dare to kill all the deacons, so that the deacons can benefit from it.
2. Translation
On Wuwu in the fourth month of summer, the Marquis of Jin sent Prime Minister Lu to Jue Qin, saying: " In the past, I was caught by Duke Xian and Duke Mu, who were in good terms with each other. They worked hard to unite and vowed to make an alliance with them, and then they made a promise of marriage. It is a natural disaster for the Jin State. Wen Gong is like Qi, and Hui Gong is like Qin. Without salary, Xian Gong will live in this world. Duke Mu will not forget his old virtues, so that I can benefit the Duke and enshrine him in Jin. He cannot become a great scholar, but becomes Han's teacher. I also regret that I have lost my heart and used to gather my Duke Wen. This is Mu Zhicheng.
On the fifth day of April in the summer, Duke Li of Jin sent Prime Minister Lu to break off diplomatic relations with Qin, saying: "In the past, our ancestors, Duke Xian and Duke Mu, were friendly and worked together. They used oaths to clarify the relationship between the two countries and used marriage to deepen them. country relations.
Heaven brought calamity upon the Jin State. Duke Wen fled to Qi State, and Duke Hui fled to Qin State. Unfortunately, Duke Xian passed away, but Duke Mu did not forget his former friendship, so that our Duke Hui could return to Jin to govern. However, Qin failed to achieve great achievements and fought with us in the Battle of Han Yuan. Afterwards, Duke Mu felt regretful, so he allowed Duke Wen to return to his country and become king. This is all due to Duke Mu.
"Wen Gong bowed his armor, walked across the mountains and rivers, crossed the dangers and obstacles, conquered the princes in the east, conquered the princes of Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou, and went to the Qin Dynasty, he also repaid his old virtues. The people of Zheng were angry with the king. In the territory, I, Duke Wen, commanded the princes and Qin to besiege Zheng. If the Qin officials did not ask me about the princes, and if they attacked the Zheng alliance, they would be killed by Qin. If Duke Wen is afraid, if the princes of Sui are defeated, there will be no harm. It is I who have made great achievements in the west.
"Wen Gong personally wore armor, traveled through mountains and rivers, experienced hardships and dangers, and conquered the eastern kingdoms. The descendants of Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou came to see the king of Qin. This has repaid Qin's past kindness. The people of Zheng invaded the king's borders, and our Duke Wen led the princes to surround Zheng together with Qin. The officials of the state of Qin did not consult with our monarch and made an alliance with the state of Zheng without authorization. The princes all hated this approach and wanted to fight Qin. Duke Wen was worried about the damage to Qin, so he convinced the princes, and the Qin army was able to return without being harmed. This is where we owe great kindness to Qin.
"Without salary, Duke Wen is here; Mu is not willing to mourn, he scorns my king to death, and I am widowed, Duke Xiang, seizes my land, rapes my good ones, and cuts down my defense city. He destroys me, Fei Hua, Scatter my brothers, disrupt our alliance, and overthrow our country. I, Duke Xiang, have not forgotten the old merits of the king, but are afraid of the fall of the country. Therefore, I still want to forgive the sins of Duke Mu, but Duke Mu will not listen, and he will become Chu. God tempted me, and King Cheng died, so Duke Mu could not pursue his ambition.
"Unfortunately, Duke Wen has passed away. Duke Mu has no good intentions and despised our late king. He despised our husband. Invading our territory, severing friendship with China, attacking our castles, exterminating our kingdoms, alienating our brotherly countries, disrupting our allies, and subverting our country. Our Xianggong has not forgotten Qin Jun’s past achievements, but he is afraid of the country’s destruction, so we have the battle in Huodi. We hoped that Duke Mu would forgive our sins, but Duke Mu did not agree. Instead, he got close to the Chu State to plot against us. God is wise, King Chu Cheng died, and Duke Mu did not succeed in his plan to invade China.
"Mu and Xiang came to the world, and Kang and Ling came to the throne. Mr. Kang, I have come out of my own house, and I want to invade my palace, overthrow my country, and slay my candid thieves, who have come to shake up my borders. I think there is a battle at Linghu. Kang is still unfaithful. He enters the meander of the river, cuts down my Suchuan River, captures my royal officials, and guards my horses. I think there is a battle at the meander of the river. The east road is blocked, which is why Kang Gong is dead. I'm fine.
Duke Mu and Duke Xian passed away, and Duke Kang and Duke Ling came to the throne. Duke Kang was the nephew of our late king Xian Gong, but he wanted to harm our family and subvert our country, so he led his son Yong back to the country. Fight for the throne and let him disrupt our borders, so we have the Battle of Linghu. Duke Kang still refused to repent, invaded our meanders, attacked our Suchuan, captured my royal people, and took away our horses. , so we have the Battle of Hequ. The reason why we are unable to communicate with your country in the east is precisely because Duke Kang has severed friendly relations with us.
"I, your descendant, Duke Jin. The leader looked to the west and said, "please caress me!" ’ You are not willing to call me an alliance, and you will benefit me from Di Di. He will enter my river county, burn my Ji and Gao, destroy my farm work, and worship me with piety. Therefore, I have a gathering of auxiliary clans. You also regretted that the misfortune had been delayed, and you wanted to enjoy the blessings of Xian and Mu, your ancestors, so you sent Bo Che to order me, Duke Jing, to say: "I share my love for women and give up evil, and restore my old virtues in memory of my former merits." ’ Before the oath was fulfilled, Jinggong came to this world, so I, the widowed monarch, had a meeting with Linghu. It is unlucky for you to break your oath. Bai Di is in the same state as you, and you are your enemy, but I am not married to you. The king came and gave the order: "My daughter and I will fight against Di." ’ I don’t dare to care about my marriage. Afraid of the power of the king, he takes orders from the officials. Your Majesty has a second thought for Di, and says: "The generals of Jin will attack Nv." ’ Di Ying was disgusted because he wanted to sue me. The two or three evil kings of the Chu people also came to me and said: "Qin betrayed Linghu's alliance and came to seek alliance with me: "I told the God of Haotian, the three Dukes of Qin, and the three kings of Chu: 'I although I When going in and out of Jin Dynasty, I only regard it as beneficial. '"If you don't hate it, you will have no virtue. You will use it to declare it and punish it. ’ When the princes heard this, they were heartbroken and saddened, and the few people were killed. I am a handsome man who obeys orders and only asks for good things. If the king shows favor to the princes, shows pity to the princes, and bestows an alliance with the princes, then this is the prince's wish. If he accepts the peace of the princes and retreats, how can he dare to cause chaos? If the king does not do great favors and the few are not sycophants, they will not be able to retreat as princes. Dare to spread all the deacons, so that the deacons can profit from it. "
"After the king came to the throne, our Jinggong stretched his neck and looked to the west and said, "I'm afraid you have to take care of us!" 'But the king was still unwilling to be merciful and form an alliance with China. Instead, he took advantage of the troubles caused by the Di people and invaded our counties near the river. He burned our Qi and Gao areas, looted and destroyed our crops, and massacred our people. Border residents, that's why we have the Fushi War. The king also regretted the spread of the war between the two countries, so he wanted to seek blessings from his ancestors Xian Gong and Mu Gong. He sent Bo Che to command us, Duke Jing, saying: "We are friendly to each other, abandon our resentment, and restore the past friendship to commemorate the memory of our ancestors." merit. ’ Before the oath was completed, Jinggong passed away, so our monarch had Linghu’s alliance. The king had bad intentions again and broke his oath. Bai Di and Qin are both in Yongzhou. They are enemies of the king, but they are our in-laws. The king gave us an order: ‘We will fight with you against the Di people. ’ Our king did not dare to care about the good marriage, and was afraid of the majesty of the king, so he accepted the order of the king’s envoys to attack the Di people.
But the king expressed friendship to the Di people and said to the Di people: "The Jin Kingdom will attack you." ’ On the surface, the Di people agreed to your request, but in their hearts they hated what you did, so they told us. The people of Chu also hated the king's capriciousness and came to tell us: "Qin has betrayed Linghu's alliance and came to ask us for an alliance." They swore to the Emperor of Heaven, the three ancestors of Qin, and the three ancestors of Chu: 'Although we have dealings with Jin, we only care about interests. ’ I hate their capriciousness in making these things public in order to punish those who have half-hearted intentions. ’ When all the princes heard these words, they felt sad and came to get close to me. Now I lead the princes here to obey orders, purely to ask for a good alliance. If the king is willing to be kind and considerate of the princes, take pity on me, and grant us an oath of alliance, this is my wish. I will appease the princes and retreat. How can I dare to ask for trouble? If the king does not show great kindness and virtue, and there are few people with no talents, I am afraid that he will not be able to lead the princes to retreat. Please make clear arrangements to your left and right deacons and let them weigh how to benefit Qin. ”
3. Appreciation
In 580 BC, Jin and Qin met at Linghu (today’s Linyi clan in Shanxi) in order to make peace. The Marquis of Jin arrived at Linghu first, and Qin Bo refused to cross the Yellow River and lived in the royal city. He sent Shi Ke to form an alliance with the Marquis of Jin in the east of Hedong. Jin's lord went to Hexi to form an alliance with Qin Bo. Fan Wenzi, the official of Jin, said: "What is the benefit of this alliance?" The oath of fasting is the reason why it is proved trustworthy. The location of the meeting is the beginning of getting the letter. If you don't comply from the beginning, can you guarantee the credit code? "As a result, Uncle Qin broke the peace treaty with Jin when he returned home.
In 578 BC, on the fifth day of April in the summer, the Marquis of Jin sent Prime Minister Lu (i.e. Prime Minister of Wei, son of Wei_ ) to sever diplomatic relations with Qin, that is, there is this statement "Lü Xiang Jue Qin" (--I personally think it was because Qin and Jin had already formed an alliance, but Qin induced Bai Di and Chu to attack Jin. With this Lu Xiangjue Qin)
Qin Huangong had formed an alliance with Jin Ligong, but he also summoned the people of Di and Chu to lead them to attack Jin. Therefore, the princes joined Jin. Harmony. The Jin official Luan Shu is the commander-in-chief of the central army, Xun Geng is his assistant, Shi Xie is the commander of the upper army, and __ is the assistant; Han Jue is the commander of the lower army, and Xun _ is the assistant (that is, the Zhi_ in "The Return of Chu to Jin" , Xun_, also called Zhi_ because he was granted the title of Zhi); Zhao Zhan commanded the new army, with_Zhi as his assistant;_Yi drove (Luan Shu)'s chariot, and Luan Zhen served as the right guard. Meng Xianzi, the doctor of Lu, said: "Jin. If the country's generals and chariot warriors cooperate with each other, the army will surely achieve great success. ”
On May Dinghai (the fourth day of the lunar month), the Jin army led the troops of the princes to fight the Qin army in Ma Tun (in the north of Jingyang County, Shaanxi today). The Qin army failed and captured Qin’s Cheng Cha. The father-in-law of (Qin General) and Bu Geng (fourth rank) died in the army. The Jin army then crossed Jingshui and returned after arriving at Xinchu (in today's Liquan County, Shaanxi Province). Dali County, Shaanxi Province) to welcome the Marquis of Jin
4. Other poems by Zuo Qiuming
"Cao GUI's Debate", "Uncle Jian Cries for the Master", "Zhu Zhiwu Retreats the Qin Master". , "Zheng Burke Duan Yu Yan/Anyone who commits many unjust acts will be punished by death", "Zhou Zheng's Confrontation" 5. Annotations
Marquis of Jin: Duke Li of Jin, prime minister of Jin, Qixian of Wei. Yi's son, Wei Xiang, was also called Lu Xiang because he lived in Lu. >
Heavy: aggravation, deepening.
Hunmarri: Marriage relationship between Qin and Jin.
Heavenly disaster refers to the Liji Rebellion. /p>
Wulu: There is no fortune. This refers to the death.
To use: to offer sacrifices. Refers to the establishment of the king.
The war in Han refers to the battle between Qin, Jin and Han.
Jue: refers to Duke Mu of Qin. Use: therefore.
Collect: complete.
Hail: put on.
Travel.
Yin: descendants. Most of the kings of the eastern vassal states are descendants of Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou.
Jiude: past favors. : Refers to invasion.
Inquiry: Refers to discussion.
Unauthorized alliance with Zheng people.
Disease: Hatred. Fatal to Qin; fighting against Qin.
Suijing: stability, appeasement.
West: referring to Qin. >
Budiao: not good.
Widow: It means contempt.
Die: Same as "Yi", meaning violation.
Zhijue: cut off.
Be friendly with me.
Bao: the same as "castle", destroy.
Fei: slide. The capital of the country was near Yanshi, Henan Province.
Dispersion: Disintegration.
Brothers: Disruption. >Alliance: Allied countries, referring to Zheng and Hua.
Yuyuan: Still hope.
Consult me. : Conspiracy for our country of Jin.
Intention:
In the heart.
Mu and Xiang: Duke Mu of Qin and Duke Xiang of Jin.
Kang and Ling: Duke Kang of Qin and Duke Lin of Jin.
My Self-Creation: Qin Kanggong was born to Mu Ji and was the nephew of Jin Wengong, so it is said to be "self-production".
Quejian: damage, weaken. Originally refers to the pests that eat crops, here it refers to Prince Yong of the Jin Dynasty.
悛: repent.
Hequ: The place name of the Jin Kingdom, located southeast of Yongji, Shanxi today.
Suchuan: the name of the water, in today’s southwest Shanxi.
Capture: plunder.
Wang Guan: The place name of the Jin Kingdom, heard in Xixi in present-day Shanxi.
Jima: The place name of the Jin Kingdom, in today’s Yongjinan, Shanxi.
East Road: Jin State is east of Qin State, so it is called "East Road".
Unreasonable: refers to the severing of relations between the two countries.
Jun: refers to Duke Huan of Qin.
Introduction: elongation. neck. Probably, maybe.
Fu: Compensation.
Calling an alliance: holding an alliance meeting.
Di Nan: refers to the war between Jin and Di people.
He County: A county near the river in Jin State.
Ji: The place name of Jin State, located in the northeast of Pu County, Shanxi Province.
Gao: The place name of the Jin State, located in the west of Qi County, Shanxi today.
Cut: cut off.
Yi: damage.
Agricultural merit: crops.
Qian Liu: killing, massacre.
Bianchui: border, border.
Fushi: The place name of the Jin Kingdom, located in the east of Dali, Shaanxi today.
Gather: gather people to fight against the enemy.
Boche: Son of Duke Huan of Qin.
The widowed monarch: refers to Duke Li of Jin Dynasty. Not good.
Baidi: a branch of the Di tribe.
And: and.
Tongzhou: Together in ancient Yongzhou. Marriage; refers to Jin Wen Gong marrying Ji Wei in Di.
Li: Refers to the envoys of the Qin State who convey orders.
It is used: therefore. Two or three virtues; three hearts and two labors, capriciousness.
Zhao: Ming.
Hao: vast.
The Three Dukes of Qin: Duke Mu, Duke Kang, and Duke *** of Qin.
The Three Kings of Chu: King Cheng, King Mu, and King Zhuang of Chu.
Incoming and outgoing: coming and going.
Profit-only view: bent on profit, only profit-seeking.
Buyi: not specific. close.
Shuai Yi obeys orders: leads the princes to listen to the king's orders.
Chengning: Stability.
Buyi: not sensitive, not talented.
Picture: Consider.
Benefit: It is beneficial to Qin.
Poems of the same dynasty
"Song of Picking Wei", "The First Month of the Spring King", "Song People and Chu People Ping", "Wuzi Envoys Come to Appoint", "Yu" "Shi Jin Shi destroyed Xia Yang", "Zheng Beke Duan Yu Yan", "Zeng Shen Cooked Pigs", "Zhizi Suspicious Neighbors", "Shi Kuang Collision with Jin Ping Gong", "Indiscriminate use of Yu to fill the number".
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