The contents of "Stars" and "Spring Water" were written under the influence of Rabindranath Tagore's "Birds". In her own words, she collected some "fragmented thoughts" into a collection. These two poetry collections are the natural brew of Bing Xin's life, feelings, and thoughts, and enjoy a high reputation at home and abroad. Later, she felt that her little miscellaneous thoughts in a few words also contained the shadow of poetry, so she organized them into two small collections of poems. Bing Xin probably would not have thought at the time that the publication of her two collections of subtle, timeless and philosophical poems would stir the long-silent heartstrings of so many young people, and thus, under her influence, promote the May Fourth movement. "The new poetry since then has entered an era of popularity of short poems.
In general, the themes of "Stars" and "Spring Water" roughly include three aspects: first, the praise of maternal love and innocence; second, the worship and praise of nature; third, Thoughts and insights on life. This poem perfectly combines the praise of maternal love, the call for innocence, and the chant of nature, creating a world of perfection and beauty, with deep feelings, fresh and elegant language, giving people endless aftertaste and enlightenment , is one of the most beautiful chapters in Bing Xin's poems.
In terms of language, "Stars" and "Spring Water" are fresh, elegant and crystal clear, with long clear rhymes and unique charm.
"Stars" and "Spring Water" combine the strengths of Chinese classical poetry and Rabindranath Tagore's philosophical poems.
At the turn of the 4th to 3rd centuries BC, the Athenian philosopher Demetrius (Demetrius
Phalereus edited the first collection of Aesop's fables: "Aesop's Tales" "Assemblies of Aesop's
Tales", according to reports, the book contains about 200 early Aesop's fables. It's a pity that this book is now lost. In the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, Phaedrus and Babrius compiled poetic Aesop's fables in Latin and Greek respectively, but the new version of "Aesop's Fables" Fable"
is not widely circulated.
At the beginning of the fourteenth century, Planudes, a monk scholar in the Eastern Roman Empire, collected and sorted out the ancient Greek fables manuscripts he heard at that time and discovered one after another, and compiled "Aesop's Fables". Printed 1479. There are 150 fables in the book. This is the original version of "Aesop's Fables" that is now common knowledge. Various versions over the next hundreds of years evolved from this version.
In 1484, William Caxton translated and published "Aesop's Fables" in English. In 1692, Roger Estrange updated Caxton's version.
In the 19th century, the English translation of "Aesop's Fables" by George Fyler
Townsend (1814-1900) came out. This is the most widely circulated English translation. Some scholars call this version the "Townsend version". In 2009, World Book Company published "Aesop's Fables" in the English-language world famous books, Fairy Tales - Myths, which is the Townsend version. According to reports, after eliminating duplicates, the General Secretary selected 312 fables.
In addition, Ben E. Perry once made a classification index (Perry
Index), which is one of the important reference books for studying "Aesop's Fables". If you are interested, you can refer to it.
Most of "Aesop's Fables" are animal stories, using animals as metaphors to teach people the principles of life and life. A few of them are mainly about humans or gods. They are short and concise, with appropriate metaphors and vivid images, and are of great significance to future generations. It has a great influence and is a satirical metaphorical story circulated among ancient Greek folk. After being processed by later generations, it became the "Aesop's Fables" that is now circulated.
Judging from the works, the time span is large, and the tendencies of each article are not exactly the same. It is speculated that it is not a one-time work by one person, but can be regarded as the work of the ancient Greeks over a long historical period. Collective creation. "Aesop's Fables" means "Aesop's collection of fables", and Aesop may be an important author among them. A small part was created by later generations and was sent to the name of the master Aesop. "Aesop's Fables" is an important part of ancient Greek literature. Although people often ignore it, its value is no less than "Greek Mythology", "Homer's Epic" and "Tragedy". Most of "Aesop's Fables" are anthropomorphic animal fables, and a few of them have ordinary people or gods as the protagonists. Through vivid short stories, they may reveal the living conditions of early humans, metaphorize abstract truths, or hint at various human dispositions and behaviors, highlighting the true character of the ancient Greek nation in multiple dimensions. They often narrate a story concisely and objectively, and finally reveal the underlying truth in one sentence.
"Aesop's Fables" comes from the folk, so the lives, thoughts and feelings of people at the lower levels of society are more prominently reflected. Such as the exposure of the greed and selfishness of the rich; the lashing of the cruel nature of the wicked; the affirmation of wealth created by labor; the attack on social inequality; the satire of cowardice and laziness; the praise of brave struggle. There are also many fables that teach people how to behave in the world, how to be a good person, how to distinguish right from wrong, and how to become smart and wise.
Aesop's fables are an overview, refinement and summary of the lives and struggles of the ancient Greeks. They are a spiritual legacy left by the ancient Greeks to future generations.
"Aesop's Fables" has concise words, vivid stories, rich imagination, full of philosophy, and integrates ideological and artistic qualities. Among them are "The Farmer and the Snake", "The Fox and the Grapes", "The Wolf and the Lamb", "The Tortoise and the Hare", "The Crow Drinks Water", "The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf", "The Farmer and His Children", "The Mosquito and the Lion" and "The Cock and the Jewel". Stories such as "The North Wind and the Sun" have become household names around the world.
"Aesop's Fables", the oldest collection of fables in the world, is short in length and informal in form. The simple stories often shine with the light of wisdom, burst out with sparks of wit, and contain profound meanings. Meaning. It is not only an enlightenment textbook to instill the concepts of good and evil, beauty and ugliness in children, but also a textbook of life, which has had a great influence on future generations. In the history of European literature, it laid the foundation for fable creation. "Aesop's Fables" are often quoted in literary works and even political works from around the world, either as metaphors in reasoning or as weapons of criticism and satire. The best parts of this book still have positive practical significance today. In the history of the development of European fables, ancient Greek fables occupy an important position. It pioneered the development of European allegory and influenced the entire process of the subsequent development of European allegory. Allegory is a folk oral creation that mainly reflects people's life wisdom, including social activities, productive labor and daily life. . The current "Aesop's Fables" is compiled based on various handed down manuscripts, including more than 300 fables, some of which are very popular. The animals in "Aesop's Fables" generally have no fixed character traits except for some animals, such as foxes, wolves, etc. Sometimes they are given negative characters, and sometimes they are affirmed. The author expresses certain thoughts by anthropomorphizing animals. . These animal stories are undoubtedly fictional, yet very natural and realistic. This is different from the basic stereotyped character traits formed by the fables of later generations. "Aesop's Fables" had a major influence on the subsequent development of European fables. The ancient Roman fable writer Phaedrus in the 1st century AD directly inherited the tradition of Aesop's fables, borrowed many stories from "Aesop's Fables", and called his fables "Aesop's fables". The Greek fable writer Babrius in the 2nd century AD adopted more of Aesop's fables. This tradition was inherited by the fable creation of late ancient Greece and Rome. After the Renaissance, the reorganization and printing of Aesop's fables manuscripts greatly promoted the development of European fable creation. Many outstanding fable writers appeared successively, such as La Fontaine in France, Lessing in Germany, and Kremlin in Russia. Rylov et al.
"Aesop's Fables" *** collects three to four hundred short stories. Unlike lyric poems, which mainly reflect the thoughts and feelings of aristocratic slave owners, these short stories are mainly about the bullied lower-class civilians and slaves. A summary of struggle experiences and life lessons. Fables express the social relations at that time by describing the relationship between animals, mainly the unequal relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed. The author of the fable condemned the oppression of people in society at that time and called on the bullied people to unite and fight against the evildoers. For example, "The Fox and the Goat" warns people to look at the target when doing good deeds to avoid being deceived; the story "The Farmer and the Snake" advises people not to be kind to their enemies; "The Dog, the Rooster and the Fox" tells people to be good at using wisdom to defeat their enemies. ; In stories such as "The Lion and the Deer", "The Fowler and the Bird", and "The Two Pots", the author reveals that when the political power is in the hands of greedy and cruel rulers, it is impossible for poor people to live safely. of.
An Yi has a unique reading perspective, delicate feelings, vivid evaluations, and simple and tense language. This book is rich in content and full of interest. The author believes that reading is "while holding one's own experiences and conclusions, understanding and sincerely observing other people's life experiences" and "seeing the infinite spiritual landscapes of human beings". Readers can also get a glimpse of the inner world of writer Wang Anyi in the book.