Chu Ci is a literary work created by Chu people represented by Qu Yuan during the Warring States Period. When Han became emperor, Liu Xiang joined forces with Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Le Tang, Jing Ke, Jia Yi, Huainan Xiaoshan, Dong Fangshuo, Zhuang Ji and Bao Wang. And his own words into a set, *** 16, named "Chu Ci". Qu Yuan has the most works and the highest quality in Chu Ci, and his Li Sao is a masterpiece of Chu Ci, so later people call it "Sao Style".
Li Sao is the representative work of Qu Yuan (about 340~ 277 BC), and it is the longest lyric poem in ancient China, with 373 sentences and 2490 words. This is a romantic masterpiece. In this poem, the poet shows a brilliant color with lofty aspirations and passionate feelings.
Li Sao can be divided into eight parts. The first part discusses Qu Yuan's family background, birth and childhood fantasy. The second part is about his political experience; The third part writes about his appearance after poisoning, suggesting that he is deadlocked and unyielding to death; In the fourth part, the screenwriter advised him not to "study", so he made a speech to the legendary ancient emperor Zhong Hua, expressing his political ambitions positively. The fifth part writes that he is boring and has no news. If he wants to go to heaven and earth, he will find someone to know him. The sixth part describes his arrival: he asked Lingqi and Wu Xian for advice, Lingqi advised him to leave Chu, and Wu Xian advised him to stay and make plans, but looking around the political climate of Chu disappointed him; The seventh part wrote that he wanted to travel to Chu, but he finally missed it; The eighth is "Nonsense", which implies that he will die for his ambition.
Li Sao shows that the poet misses the motherland and loves the people. Qu Yuan is a great patriotic poet with grand fantasies. He wanted to innovate politics, save the state of Chu from peril, make it strong, and realize the unification of China. Li Sao also indicates the poet's energy of clinging to ambition, hating darkness and hating evil. The practice of the King of Chu was stupid, and he listened to the slander of "party member" and exiled Qu Yuan, which led to the decline of Chu. In the process of being unable to change the face of Chu and its own destiny, Mohism chose the ladder of death for its own ambition. Li Sao is full of shocking idealism.
The artistic achievement of Li Sao is extremely high. First of all, the whole work has a strong romantic color, and in the second half, this color is even more viscous. A lot of figurative techniques are used in the poem, but they are different from those in the Book of Songs. It is not a pure metaphor, but its image as a metaphor contains a distant artistic conception: "My heart is full of beauty, and I attach importance to cultivating energy." Hu Jiang left with Bi and admired him very much. If I am not as good as me, I am afraid that my age is not with me. Compared with Mulan in the morning, the evening is awkward. ""Lotus touches clothes, lotus touches petticoats. I don't know. It's embarrassing. I feel like I believe it. "In his works, Mock wrote about his addiction to various vanilla flowers to describe his purity and elegance. When people read these poems, they not only feel the color and fragrance of flowers, but also think that they are attracted by a far-reaching artistic conception. " Li Jiang, Vishnu, Qiu Lan, lotus and hibiscus flowers, which developed in the deep rocks of water towns, originally easily led people's looks to the ideal realm of beauty. Scholars use them to symbolize noble virtues and wear them. This is a symbol of his clothes and morality. This has written a noble and touching image of a poet. Secondly, the most important artistic feature of Lisao is that a large number of myths and legends, historical figures, the sun, the moon, the stars, and the shifting sands of mountains and rivers are all presented in the works of Mo Ke, forming a very magnificent and beautiful complete picture. For example, the poet wrote that his ambition could not be realized, and no one could know him. Without any emotion, his ideal flew to the sky with the wind and poured out to the Emperor of Heaven: "It was hard in the morning and ended in the county garden in the evening; If you want to stay less energetic, it will be dusk. I am cautious in my life, and I look forward to it; There is a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down. The salty pool drinks more than one horse, and the rest is always on the hibiscus; If the wood is broken, the sun shines, and leisure is better than sheep. Wang Shu was the pioneer before, and Fei Lian was the subordinate after; Emperor Luan warned Yu first, but told Yu not to eat it. I made the phoenix sound, followed by day and night; Floating away from Xi, the handsome Yun Ni came to the royal family; Disputes always gather and disperse, and the spots are separated. "The artistic conception written in this paragraph is extremely magnanimous and magnificent. In earlier years, Mo Ke wanted him to leave Cangwu in the south in the morning and arrive in Cang Kun in the northwest at sunset. He also told the sun god to slow down and walk "up and down" in the first few years of sunset. He drank horses in the salty pool where the sun bathed and rested in the hibiscus where the sun passed. He was followed by many gods, such as Luna, Fengshen, Luan Huang and Schleswig. His lineup is extremely impressive. In addition, the situation of Li Sao's poems is jagged, and there are also questions and answers between the subject and the object, and large chunks of wasted words, mostly four sentences and one chapter, with different words and even different sentences, forming a patchwork of neatness, neatness and Excellence. The characteristics of imprisonment and reform have had a great influence on later generations' ci.