He has no appearance, what makes him lovely is the spirit on his face. The head is not very big, round eyes, fleshy nose, two short and thick eyebrows, and the head has been shaved. There is no excess meat on the cheeks, but the neck is similar to the side of the head. ) thick; The face is always red, especially bright is a big scar between the cheekbone and the right ear-I slept under a tree when I was a child and was bitten by a donkey. He pays little attention to his appearance. He loves his face as much as he loves his body. It is so strong and hard. He seems to count his face in his limbs, as long as it is hard. Yes, he can stand on his head for half a day when he gets to the city. Standing like this, he feels like a tree, and there is no place up and down that is not quite detached.
He is a bit like a tree, strong, silent and alive. He has his own plan and some brains, but he is not good at telling others. In foreign rickshaws, personal grievances and difficulties are the words of the public. In the "car entrance", in the small teahouse, in the courtyard, everyone is reporting, describing or clamoring for their own things, and then these things become everyone's property, spreading from one place to another like folk songs. Xiangzi, a countryman, is not as eloquent as a city man; If he has a glib tongue, he is born unwilling to talk more, so he doesn't want to learn from the loquacity of city people. He knows his own business and doesn't like to discuss it with others. Because his mouth is always idle, he has time to think, and his eyes always seem to look at his heart. As long as he has made up his mind, he will go along the road opened in his heart; If he can't leave, he can bite his teeth for a day or two without saying a word, just like biting his own heart!
He decided to pull the cart, so he pulled it. He rented a broken car to practice his legs first. I didn't get the money on the first day The business was good the next day, but after lying down for two days, my ankle was swollen like two scorpions and I couldn't lift it anymore. No matter how painful it was, he endured it. He knew it was inevitable and a hurdle that rickshaw pullers had to cross. He won't dare to run boldly unless he passes this level.
After his foot was cured, he dared to run away. This makes him very happy, because there is nothing else to be afraid of: he is familiar with place names, even if it doesn't matter sometimes, but he has great strength. The method of pulling a cart is not difficult to understand with his experience in pushing, pulling, carrying and picking. And he has his own ideas: be more careful and fight less, and probably nothing will happen. As for bargaining for seats, his mouth is slow and full of anger, but he can't shake off those old campaigners. Knowing this shortcoming, he simply did not go to the "car entrance"; Where there is no car, he puts it there. In this secluded place, he can bargain calmly, and sometimes refuse to make an offer, just saying "sit down and watch!" " "His appearance is so honest, his face is so simple and lovely, people seem to have to trust him and dare not think that this stupid big man can knock people. Even if people are suspicious, they can only suspect that he is an old country man. He is new here and probably doesn't know the way, so he can't say the price. So people will ask, "Do you know each other? "He laughed like a fool and like a flirt, let a person don't know what to do.
Two or three weeks later, his leg slipped out. He knows that his running style is beautiful. Running is a proof of a driver's ability and qualification. The one who curled up like a cattail leaf fan on the ground is undoubtedly a novice who just came from the countryside. Head is very low, feet rub the ground. Running and walking are almost the same speed, and those who run quite well are all elderly people over 50 years old. Experienced and weak, there is still a way; The chest should be tolerant and deep; Legs raised; Walk the probe; In this way, they appear to be running hard, but in fact they are not faster than others at all; They rely on "habits" to maintain their dignity. Xiangzi would certainly not accept these gestures. His legs are long, his waist is steady, he doesn't make much noise when running, and he is a little flexible one step at a time, so that the handlebar doesn't move and the seat feels safe and comfortable. Say stop, no matter how fast you run, your big foot will stop when it touches the ground; His power seems to reach all parts of the car. His back is slightly bent, his hands are loosely holding the handlebar, and his movements are neat and accurate; You can't see the rush, but you run very fast, very fast, and there is no danger. Even in rickshaw pullers, it is very expensive.
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Xiangzi is a coachman in old Beijing. He started his "devil" fate as a rickshaw puller with a struggling heart. His original dream was to exchange his efforts for a rickshaw. He firmly believes that with his strong body and broad mind, he will be able to embrace a happy tomorrow. So he pushed forward desperately, as if all the difficulties were insignificant in his eyes, and he would not fall. Even if you accidentally fall on a rubber, you won't stagnate.
Maybe fate played a trick on Xiangzi on purpose. He finally got the rickshaw he had been waiting for for for a long time through hardships. He is very happy about it. With this enthusiasm, he seemed to work harder. Later, his rickshaw was seized by soldiers, but he didn't give up and bought another rickshaw by his own efforts. However, fate played a trick on people, and what little savings he had saved was taken away. This tragedy has been staged three times. Xiangzi was depressed, confused and depressed, and his previous efforts faded. He is no longer struggling to move forward. Is he getting worse or smarter?
Maybe fate is deliberately torturing Xiangzi. Tigress, the daughter of Si Liu, the owner of a car factory, married Xiangzi and died in childbirth. Everything seems to be arranged. Xiangzi had no time to plan his future, and time passed in a hurry. His initial dream was far away, but I was out of reach. Suddenly, it was difficult for Xiangzi to see the scene before him clearly, as if nothing had changed, but everything was so strange. His motivation for progress turned into resistance.
Maybe fate is deliberately tearing up Xiangzi. He suddenly fell from a senior driver to a junior driver, cheating, eating, drinking, whoring and gambling, and his life that he never dared to think about before has now become a reality. The reality is cruel, but for Xiangzi, maybe your life is more comfortable than a just life. He didn't work as hard as before, he forgot his vision, and he knew that he lived for happiness, not for the happiness of others. But for his own happiness. This brand-new Xiangzi may be the "green food" of the dark society. Selfishness and generosity, hypocrisy and sincerity, lies and trust, pain and happiness are integrated in Xiangzi's world. The existence of truth, goodness and beauty is like a flame on an ice peak, although it is dazzling.
Will be fleeting. The footprints left by the years are only endless sadness and pain.
He is not alone, behind him are countless others, and at his feet are countless lives made up of him. He tried, he succeeded, he was sad, he was happy, and he seemed to have everything, because he always had nothing.
2. In the work Camel Xiangzi, the author truly describes the sufferings and struggles of the lower class people in the city and puts forward more acute and urgent social problems. The novel reveals the social roots of Xiangzi's tragic fate through a true description of the changing process of Xiangzi's thought and character.
First of all, Xiangzi's tragedy is a powerful accusation against the unreasonable system in the old society. The novel reveals the social roots of Xiangzi's tragedy in many ways. In the countryside, the cruel oppression of the landlord class made Xiangzi's family lose everything. After being forced to come to the city, you still can't escape the fate of being oppressed and exploited. All these phenomena are by no means accidental. They are the products of the dark old social system. In such a social environment, Xiangzi, an unconscious individual worker, can only "be born in pain and die in injustice". No matter how hard he struggled, he couldn't escape the fate of bad karma. The old system and society not only swallowed Xiangzi's car and savings, but also swallowed up the good moral character and the will to make progress of the working people.
Secondly, the road of personal struggle is the internal ideological root of Xiangzi's tragedy, and Xiangzi's tragedy is a complete denial of the road of personal struggle. As an unawakened individual worker, Xiangzi had an urgent need to change his living conditions, but he didn't see clearly the social essence at that time and didn't know what road to take to achieve liberation fundamentally. He thought that "based on body and physical strength, as long as we scrimp and save, … as long as we are willing to grind our teeth, nothing will fail" was very representative among the self-employed workers at that time. However, in that evil old society, individual struggle is not the way for working people to get rid of poverty at all. Therefore, there is an insurmountable sharp contradiction between Xiangzi's ideal and reality. It can be seen from the concrete description of the work that in Xiangzi's desperate struggle, what he resisted was by no means isolating someone, but the whole society-an endless dark net.
In addition, the artistic achievements of Camel Xiangzi are highlighted in the following three aspects:
1. The structure is neat, the main line is clear, and the plot should be carried out before the call.
2. Be good at using a variety of expressions to describe the psychological activities of characters delicately.
3. The language is simple and natural, lively and lively, with bright local colors and strong life atmosphere. (reprinted from "Thirty Introduction to Literary Masterpieces")
Camel Xiangzi is Lao She's masterpiece and one of the best novels in the history of modern literature.
Based on Peiping, old China, the work describes the tragic experience of Xiangzi, a rickshaw puller, who degenerated from human to "beast", expresses the author's concern and sympathy for the tragic fate of workers struggling at the bottom of society, praises Xiangzi's excellent qualities of diligence, simplicity, kindness and upward, and profoundly reveals the reasons for Xiangzi's tragic fate.
Focusing on the three ups and downs of Xiangzi's car buying experience as the central clue of the plot development, the work extends the brushwork to the vast life field of the urban poor. Through the relationship between Xiangzi and soldiers, bandits, detectives, car owners, tigress and peers, it depicts a turbulent, horrible and dark picture of social life, showing Xiangzi's process from hope to struggle to mental breakdown from social, psychological and cultural levels. Xiangzi used to be a strong young farmer, honest and kind, hardworking and simple, taciturn and indomitable, but after three setbacks, his ideal was finally shattered, his personality was distorted and he degenerated into a soulless walking corpse. Xiangzi's tragedy reflects the physical and mental damage to human nature caused by urban malformed civilized diseases and ignorant culture, and embodies the author's artistic thinking and critical examination of the relationship between urban civilized diseases and human nature.
The works replace the greasy humor in the past with serious realistic creation methods and simple and clear language. The work uses a lot of narrative and emotional psychological descriptions to tell Xiangzi about the painful feelings of blood and tears, which not only depicts the character, but also expresses the author's passion and emotion, which enhances the artistic appeal of the work. The strong local color of Beijing, from language, environment to local customs, shows the author's increasingly mature and charming artistic style.
The description of Xiangzi's "man" and "car" at the beginning of the novel-please pay attention to how the author injects his "intoxication" into the third-person narrative, thus realizing the poetry in Lao She's language. ※.
The first section of the first chapter of the novel is about Xiangzi's "man" and "car". Starting with "there are many factions of foreign rickshaw pullers in Beiping", I have some analysis, and then I will talk about Xiangzi. Xiangzi, he is a light and strong senior driver with his own car in Beijing. He wrote about his figure, posture, appearance, clothes and spirit. "He is really like a tree, strong, silent and alive" (he "speaks slowly"; Wrote his posture of pulling a cart (page 95); He wrote about his car. At the beginning of the novel, the description of Xiangzi's figure and clothes, and the depiction of Xiangzi's pulling posture are full of vitality and brilliance, just like the hymn of youth, health and labor.
(2) the use of spoken English, and it is the essence of Beijing flavor. Lao She said that what he pursues is lively, concise and natural beauty. He does not pursue the elegance of language, but the strength, liveliness and loudness. Instead of weighing words in a sentence, he pays attention to the momentum and sound of a paragraph and whether the meaning to be expressed in this paragraph is correctly revealed by the arrangement of sentences (Shengtao: Lao She's rickshaw puller in Beiping). If you read the relevant texts on pages 93-95 of the textbook carefully, you will realize that its language is completely the ordinary (but also the essence) spoken language of Beijingers. Less description, more narration, relaxed, easy-going, cordial, fresh, appropriate and vivid words are the unique interest and poetry of Lao She's creation.
Description of Xiangzi's Camel Walking at Night —— Please comprehensively consider Xiangzi's manner and psychology, the change of the sky at dawn, the author's careful observation and description, and then understand the characteristics of Lao She's language of "pursuing exquisite beauty in vulgarity". ※.
(1) "Vulgar" means easy to understand, easy to understand and easy to accept. The vulgarity of Lao She's novel language can be explained by Beijing flavor. "White" is explained in plain language. However, Lao She did not generally stay in "vulgarity and whiteness", but pursued "exquisite beauty" in vulgarity and whiteness.
(2) Novel Writing Xiangzi leads a camel at night, and the activity place is still around Beijing. The scenery he wrote has obvious regional colors in Beijing: Moshikou, Huangcun and Beixin 'an. "The mountain is in the west and the city is in the east, and he knows this." "The rosy clouds are broken, and the golden lights are shot out one by one, and the horizontal rosy clouds are straight, weaving in the southeast corner of the sky (pointing to Beijing).
This description not only describes Xiangzi's behavior trend, but also describes Xiangzi's mentality and upbringing more appropriately and naturally. Xiangzi led the camel and escaped from the defeated camp. "It is a trivial matter that desertion is taken away by officials; Teach people in the village to catch it, or at least bury it alive! " He was anxious, scared, scared and felt hung up. But he was desperate. "Let's go, let's go, go there and say whatever you meet; Live, earn a few animals; Died and resigned. " He looks at the stars to tell the direction. Some people say that this is a description from static to dynamic. The stars moved, because they were nervous and unintentional, so they were mistaken for stars colliding with each other. This abnormal change of scenery in characters' minds is a creation of Lao She's description language. The problems that Xiangzi sees and thinks about here are all great scenery and trends, which are the embodiment of his work, contact with people, living habits and pursuit of monotony, and the embodiment of his cultural education as a bankrupt farmer and rickshaw driver.
Xiangzi returned to Beijing to drink wonton and eat old tofu, describing that he felt like a person when he stood up-paying attention to Lao She's profound observation on the daily life and psychology of Beijing citizens, describing the details vividly, and then realizing the value of Lao She as a "Beijing citizen poet". ※.
(1) This is a picture of the secular world and customs presented in Beijing Citizens' Customs and Diet Culture, which reflects the writer's revelation of Beijing's cultural psychological structure when describing the ordinary life of Beijing citizens.
(2) The writer's meticulous observation, profound observation and delicate description show that the writer describes ordinary life in Beijing with incisive Beijing dialect, which is concise and has strong regional cultural charm and high folk value.
(3) What he wrote was Xiangzi's living state and spiritual rhythm in a difficult situation, which made the writer glad and happy, which also showed the author's creative characteristics and was called "Beijing citizen poet".
highlight
His figure and muscles have developed to the front of his age; He is in his twenties and very tall. Although his limbs have not been cast into a certain pattern by years, he has become an adult-an adult with a naive and naughty look on his face. Looking at the senior driver, he figured out how to cut into his waist and tighten it a little bit. ) to show his iron fan-like chest and straight back; Look at your shoulders, how wide and dignified! Kill the waist, then put on white trousers with fat legs, and tie them with chicken intestines to reveal those "out of size" big feet! Yes, he can undoubtedly be the best driver; He smiled at himself like a fool.
He has no appearance, what makes him lovely is the spirit on his face. The head is not very big, round eyes, fleshy nose, two short and thick eyebrows, and the head has been shaved. There is no excess meat on the cheeks, but the neck is similar to the side of the head. ) thick; The face is always red, especially bright is a big scar between the cheekbone and the right ear-I slept under a tree when I was a child and was bitten by a donkey. He pays little attention to his appearance. He loves his face as much as he loves his body. It is so strong and hard. He seems to count his face in his limbs, as long as it is hard. Yes, he can stand on his head for half a day when he gets to the city. Standing like this, he feels like a tree, and there is no place up and down that is not quite detached.
He is a bit like a tree, strong, silent and alive. He has his own plan and some brains, but he is not good at telling others. In foreign rickshaws, personal grievances and difficulties are the words of the public. In the "car entrance", in the small teahouse, in the courtyard, everyone is reporting, describing or clamoring for their own things, and then these things become everyone's property, spreading from one place to another like folk songs. Xiangzi, a countryman, is not as eloquent as a city man; If he has a glib tongue, he is born unwilling to talk more, so he doesn't want to learn from the loquacity of city people. He knows his own business and doesn't like to discuss it with others. Because his mouth is always idle, he has time to think, and his eyes always seem to look at his heart. As long as he has made up his mind, he will go along the road opened in his heart; If he can't leave, he can bite his teeth for a day or two without saying a word, just like biting his own heart!
He decided to pull the cart, so he pulled it. He rented a broken car to practice his legs first. I didn't get the money on the first day The business was good the next day, but after lying down for two days, my ankle was swollen like two scorpions and I couldn't lift it anymore. No matter how painful it was, he endured it. He knew it was inevitable and a hurdle that rickshaw pullers had to cross. He won't dare to run boldly unless he passes this level.
After his foot was cured, he dared to run away. This makes him very happy, because there is nothing else to be afraid of: he is familiar with place names, even if it doesn't matter sometimes, but he has great strength. The method of pulling a cart is not difficult to understand with his experience in pushing, pulling, carrying and picking. And he has his own ideas: be more careful and fight less, and probably nothing will happen. As for bargaining for seats, his mouth is slow and full of anger, but he can't shake off those old campaigners. Knowing this shortcoming, he simply did not go to the "car entrance"; Where there is no car, he puts it there. In this secluded place, he can bargain calmly, and sometimes refuse to make an offer, just saying "sit down and watch!" " "His appearance is so honest, his face is so simple and lovely, people seem to have to trust him and dare not think that this stupid big man can knock people. Even if people are suspicious, they can only suspect that he is an old country man. He is new here and probably doesn't know the way, so he can't say the price. So people will ask, "Do you know each other? "He laughed like a fool and like a flirt, let a person don't know what to do.
Two or three weeks later, his leg slipped out. He knows that his running style is beautiful. Running is a proof of a driver's ability and qualification. The one who curled up like a cattail leaf fan on the ground is undoubtedly a novice who just came from the countryside. Head is very low, feet rub the ground. Running and walking are almost the same speed, and those who run quite well are all elderly people over 50 years old. Experienced and weak, there is still a way; The chest should be tolerant and deep; Legs raised; Walk the probe; In this way, they appear to be running hard, but in fact they are not faster than others at all; They rely on "habits" to maintain their dignity. Xiangzi would certainly not accept these gestures. His legs are long, his waist is steady, he doesn't make much noise when running, and he is a little flexible one step at a time, so that the handlebar doesn't move and the seat feels safe and comfortable. Say stop, no matter how fast you run, your big foot will stop when it touches the ground; His power seems to reach all parts of the car. His back is slightly bent, his hands are loosely holding the handlebar, and his movements are neat and accurate; You can't see the rush, but you run very fast, very fast, and there is no danger. Even in rickshaw pullers, it is very expensive.
Comment on this paragraph of character description, from clothing, posture, figure, physical strength, physical strength and the character and personality of people who rely on strength to eat, are beautifully written, presenting us with a living Xiangzi. The author praised him loudly-he is strong, simple and full of life. Let's enjoy this rickshaw puller in old China with the author!
The willow tree in the street is sick, with a layer of dust hanging on its leaves and rolling on its branches; The branches are lazy and drooping listlessly. There was not a drop of water on the road. It was dry and white. How high the dust on the sidewalk flies, it is connected with the gray air in the sky, forming a vicious gray sand array, which burns the faces of pedestrians. Everywhere is dry, everywhere is hot, everywhere is stuffy, and the whole old city is like a burnt-out brick kiln, which makes people breathless. The dog lay prone on the ground, sticking out its red tongue. The nostrils of mules and horses are so big that vendors dare not shout, and the asphalt road melts. Even the bronze medal in front of the store seems to be getting sunburned. The street is unusually quiet, except for some monotonous and anxious jingles in the copper and iron shop. People who pull carts know that they can't eat without activities, and they are too lazy to go shopping: some put their cars in some shady places, set up carports and take a nap in them; Some got into a small teahouse to drink tea; Some didn't pull the car out at all, but went to the street to see if it was possible to get off. Even the most beautiful young men are willing to lose face and dare not run again, just walk slowly with their heads down. Every well has become their savior, no matter how many steps they have just pulled, they will rush to see the well; Unable to catch up with the newly pumped water, I filled the air in the sink with donkeys and horses. Others, because it was too hot or cold in summer, fell to the ground while walking and never got up again.
Even Xiangzi is a little timid! After pulling an empty car for a few steps, he felt that he was surrounded by hot air from head to toe, and even sweated on the back of his hand. However, I still want to pull after seeing the seat, thinking that it might be a little windy to run. He pulled a deal and pulled the car up, only to know that no one was allowed to work in such bad weather. I couldn't breathe while running, and my lips were burnt. I know I'm not thirsty. I want to drink water when I see it. If you don't run, the sun handle and back of the poisonous flower will crack. Somehow he was dragged to the place, and his trousers and coat were wrapped around him. Pick up the banana fan, it's no use, the wind is very hot. He took a few sips of cold water, but went to the teahouse again. After drinking two pots of hot tea, his heart calmed down a little. Tea goes in from the mouth, and sweat comes out from the body immediately, as if the body is empty and there will be no more water. He dare not move any more.
He felt bored after sitting for a long time. Being afraid to go out and having nothing to do, he felt that the weather seemed to be deliberately against him. No, he can't be the main one. He has been pulling rickshaws for more than a day, and this is not the first time in summer. He can't spend a day in vain. I want to go out, but my legs are too lazy to move, and my body is very soft. It seems that I haven't taken a good bath. Although I sweated a lot, I was not at ease. After sitting for a while, he couldn't sit still any longer. Anyway, he was sweating when he was sitting, so he might as well go out and try.
I didn't know my mistake until I came out. The gray air in the sky has dispersed, which is not very depressing, but the sunshine is much worse: no one dares to look up at where the sun is, but he feels that everything is shining, and the air, roof, walls and ground are all white with a little red in the white; From top to bottom, the whole thing looks like a huge fire mirror, and every light is like the focus of the fire mirror, so things will get angry as soon as they are exposed to the sun. In this white light, every color is harsh, every sound is ugly, and every smell is mixed with the stench evaporated from the ground. There seems to be no one on the street, and the road seems to have suddenly widened a lot, empty without any chill, and the glistening is frightening. Xiangzi didn't know what to do. He lowered his head, pulled the car and walked slowly. He has no ideas, no goals, and he is in a daze. His body is covered with sticky sweat and smells bad. After a long walk, the soles of my feet and shoes and socks stuck together, as if I had stepped on a piece of wet mud, which made me sad. I didn't want to drink any more water at first, but when I saw the well, I drank it again, not to quench my thirst, but to enjoy the coolness of the well water. From the mouth to the stomach, it suddenly cooled down, and the pores shrank sharply, making a cold war, which was very comfortable. He burps repeatedly after drinking, and the water will overflow!
Walking and sitting for a while, he is always too lazy to plan business. He still didn't feel hungry until noon. I want to eat something as usual, and I feel sick at the sight of food. The stomach is almost full of all kinds of water, and sometimes it makes a gentle noise, like a mule or a horse drinking water.
Compared with summer, Xiangzi always thinks winter is more terrible. He didn't expect summer to be so miserable. After staying in this city for more than one summer, he doesn't remember being so hot. Is it hotter than usual, or is it weak? At this thought, he suddenly became less groggy and his heart seemed to cool down. My body, yes, my body is dying! He was scared, but there was nothing he could do. He can't get rid of Tigress. He will become Er Hadron, the grandfather of the tall pony he met that time. Xiangzi is finished!
Comments What is written here is the scene of Xiangzi getting off in the scorching sun, which is delicate and realistic and empathetic. The narration and metaphor are vivid and vivid, which effectively set off the hardships and tragedies of Xiangzi's cart-pulling life. Pay attention to experience when reading.