Herodotus, a Greek historian, recorded that Pilarski people from Lemnos immigrated to this peninsula, which was then called Acte or Akte. (Herodotus, VII:22) strabo recorded five cities on the peninsula: Dion, Kleonai, Thyssus, Olophyxis and Akroto. Iuml (Akroto & ampoumln), the last of which is close to the peak. (strabo, geography, VII: 33: 1) Eretria also established a colony in Acte. The other two cities were founded in the classical period: Arcansas (Arcandos) and Sane. Some cities have minted their own coins.
In 483 BC, the peninsula was on the route of the invasion of King Zexar I of Persia. He opened a canal in the isthmus to let the invading fleet pass. After the death of Alexander the Great, the architect Deinokrates proposed to carve the whole mountain sculpture into a statue of Alexander.
The history of the peninsula in recent centuries is lacking in records. Archaeologists can't determine the exact location of the city in Strappo's records. It is believed that these cities should be abandoned by the new residents and monks who began to move into the holy mountain around the seventh century. According to legend, the Virgin Mary and johanna drifted to the athos Peninsula due to bad weather on their way to Lazarus by boat from Cyprus, so the Virgin Mary designated this place as a holy place and declared that women and children were not allowed to set foot here, hence the origin of the name "Holy Mountain".
There are few records of ancient holy mountains in history. We only know that monks came here in the 4th century A.D., maybe in the 3rd century earlier. During the reign of Constantine the Great (324 -337), both Christians and pagans lived here. The apostate Julian (ι ο λ ι 9570∈Ωα β? τη? , 36 1 -363), the holy mountain church was destroyed, and Christians hid in the Woods or inaccessible places. Later, during the reign of Theodosius I (θ ε ο ο ο ο? ο Μεγα? , 383 -395) to destroy the pagan temple. Dictionary editor Esychios the Alexandria (η σ? χιο? οξνρ ε) Records: In the 5th century, there were still pagan temples and statues of Zeus Assoni. After the Islamic conquest of Egypt (7th century), many monks went from the Egyptian desert to find another paradise, and some people came here and took root in athos Peninsula. An ancient book records that monks ... built huts with narrow wooden boards, took straw as the top, and collected fruits from the wild as extra food ... believers, saints, the confessors (θ ε ο φ? νη? οο μ ο λ ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ο ργιο? κ ε δ ρ ν, 1 1 century) wrote in 726 that the eruption of Mount Xila was seen from the holy mountain, which provided information about the residents who lived here at that time. Historian Genesios(γενεσο? According to records, monks from the Holy Mountain attended the seventh ecumenical conference in Nicea (843) (it was suspected that it was the second Nicea public conference). Around 860, the famous monk young EverTheseus (ε υυυυιο? ο Νεο? ) came to the holy mountain and built some skiti in St. Vasily around his residence, probably near Crene. Now it's called Macedonian (β α σ? λειο? Α' ο Μακεδ? να? ) Under the rule of Emperor Vasily I, the former Archbishop of Crete (later Archbishop of Thessaloniki) confessor Vasily (β α σ? λειο? ομοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοοο？ Κολοβο? ) A monastery was built in Megali Vigla. On an 885 gold coin of Vasily I, it is declared that the holy mountain belongs to monks, and laity, farmers or shepherds are not allowed to settle here. The following year, in the royal proclamation of Leo VI, a wise man, we could read: ... the so-called ancient meeting of elders ... pointed out that there was a certain monk management system that had been in operation for many years. In 887, some monks suggested to Emperor Leo, a wise man, that the monastery in Colovos had grown and lost peace. In 908, the existence of the first monk was recorded. The monk is the leader of the monastery community. In 943, the boundary of the monastery province was accurately drawn. At that time, karis (or Karyes, ╊υυυ) was already a major town with its administrative seat and name Megali Mesi Lavra (Grand Central Council). 1956, an announcement showed that about 1/4 acres of land (2500m &; Sup2), indicating that the monastery is already very big.
In 958, monk Athenasius (? γιο? Αθαν? σιο? ο Αθων? τη? ) reach the holy mountain. In 962, the Central Cathedral in Prota, karis was built. The following year, with the support of his friend Emperor Nesphorus Forkas, the Great Labra Monastery began to be built. Today, it is still the largest and most famous of the 20 monasteries. Under the protection of the Byzantine emperor, this monastery experienced a remarkable increase in wealth and property in the following centuries. /kloc-The fourth Crusade in the 3rd century produced a new overlord of Catholicism. It was not until the surprise attack of Catalan mercenaries in the14th century revived the Byzantine Empire that the monks appealed to Pope Northam III for arbitration. /kloc-theological conflicts in the 4th century: practicing in the Holy Mountain and defending Gregory Palamas.
In 963, the monk Athanasios officially built the Grand Labra Monastery in Yatos Peninsula. Today, the Great Lara Monastery is still the largest of the 20 monasteries in atos Peninsula. In the 10 century, it enjoyed the protection of the Byzantine Empire. And quickly accumulated a lot of wealth. /kloc-Byzantine Empire collapsed in the 5th century, 1430 The newly established Islamic Ottoman Empire took over the Holy Mountain. They imposed heavy taxes on monasteries.
Leave them alone to a great extent. In the16th century, the number and wealth of monks declined, but around the19th century, they gradually recovered due to donations and new blood injections from other Orthodox countries (such as Russia, Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia), and each country infiltrated their influence in individual monasteries. 19 12 years, Turks were expelled from the Greek navy in the First Balkan War. After a brief sovereignty conflict between Greece and Russia, the peninsula officially belonged to Greece after the First World War. According to 19 13, the decree passed by the Holy See on June 3rd, and international treaties: London Treaty (19 13), Bucharest Treaty (19 13) and Nelly Treaty (65438). With the Treaty of Sevo (1920) and the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), the Holy Mountain Autonomous Region was recognized as a part of Greece. Later, the Cabinet approved the constitutional map of the Holy Mountain adopted by the special bicameral parliament of the Holy Community in chares. This regime originated from an autonomous monk country. It is contained in a gold parchment signed and sealed by Byzantine emperor Anisz Chimiskis in 972. This document is kept in the Holy Authority in chares. After the independence of the Holy Mountain, it was re-recognized by the emperor Alexis Komninos in 1095. According to the Greek Constitution, the monastery country Aghion Oros is politically autonomous and consists of 20 major monasteries (the Holy Community was established to manage this area). Karyes, the capital and administrative center, is the residence of the governor as a representative of a Greek province. With the permission of Greece, the state of the Holy Mountain has been specially marked and recognized by the European Union. At that time, it was the same body in Europe.
The Holy Mountain Monastery has a record of opposing the movement of the unity of the universal church and the movement of the Orthodox Church and Roman Catholicism in Constantinople. Esphigmenou Monastery is particularly bold in this respect. 1972, a black flag was erected to protest against the meeting held by Athenagoras I in the ecumenical patriarch district of Constantinople, and Pope Paul VI Espigmenu was subsequently expelled by the Assoni community delegation. In 2002, the conflict expanded, and bartholomew I of ecumenical patriarch District of Constantinople declared Esphigmenou an illegal monk club and ordered its expulsion. Monks refused the expulsion order and prevented rebellious monks from replacing them.
The Holy Mountain Monastery has been hit by wildfires many times. For example, in August 1990 and March 2004, a large area of the Serbian monastery Hilandar was burned down. Because monasteries are usually located at hilltops and secluded places, it is difficult to obtain suitable fire-fighting equipment, which usually causes considerable losses.
On September 12, 2004, Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria was killed in a helicopter crash near the Aegean Peninsula with the rest 16 people on his way to the Holy Mountain.