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A detailed interpretation of which dynasty Wu came from should start with his growing environment and the age of his works. He was born in 170 1 and died in 1754. In his short life of 54 years, he experienced the rule of three emperors, namely, Qing Shengzu, Kangxi Emperor and Qianlong Emperor. From the Qing Dynasty to the prosperous time of Kanggan, Wu's life was full of ups and downs and his fate was bumpy.
Born into a noble family in his early years, his family is well-off. So he read a lot of poetry books in his childhood and was deeply influenced by Confucianism, which laid a solid cultural foundation. However, in his youth, the Wu family declined, and the noble children became scholars in cloth, and Wu's career fate also changed. Especially during the Qianlong period, the political corruption in the officialdom and the drawbacks of the imperial examination system appeared. Many students who have no talent are rejected from the temple because they have no money to pass the "hidden rules", which leads to huge loopholes in the national talent selection system and makes the officialdom system more decadent.
In the case of falling off the horse many times, Wu finally became disheartened about his career and devoted his life and energy to literary creation.
During this period, great changes have taken place in his living conditions and ideology. A large number of poems and novels written by him contain realistic satire, among which The Scholars is the most well-known by later generations. This novel consumed Wu's later life, and its appearance also established Wu's outstanding position in the history of China literature.
Wu's attitude towards the imperial examination
Wu was born in a bureaucratic family in Quanjiao County, Anhui Province. There are many famous academicians in the family. Influenced by the family atmosphere, Wu was very studious when he was a child, and he was full of knowledge since he was a child. His poems and lyrics are often amazing, so he has been favored by everyone since he was a child. He must be a clever young man and will be the first in the future. In the past, most scholars studied for fame and career, and even Wu, known as a young genius, could not avoid this. Therefore, it can be considered that Wu's early attitude towards the imperial examination was not exclusive, at least he hoped to realize the ideal of glorifying ancestors through the imperial examination.
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But as an adult, the Wu family suffered great changes and their father was found guilty. In the past, the literati around the Wu family lost a lot of attentions. In addition, the hidden rules of the Qing dynasty officialdom are rampant, and it is not uncommon to sell officials and titles, and it is not uncommon to enter the back door. White scholars who have no talent are often excluded from the temple because they have no money to smooth the relationship, and they have no chance to show their ambition to help the world and the people all their lives.
After repeated setbacks, Wu, who sees through the apathy of the world, has long been disheartened by fame. At this time, Wu's attitude towards the imperial examination obviously lost his enthusiasm as a teenager. On the contrary, he began to hate the corruption of officialdom and the distortion of human nature caused by the pursuit of fame and fortune. This series of cynical feelings is fully displayed in his satirical novel The Scholars.
When people read Wu's works, what they seem to see is the author's bitter satire on Manchu officialdom. However, if you think about it carefully, Wu's attitude towards the imperial examination is obviously not as lofty as the outside rumors. He was also obsessed with fame and fortune, but he was not so angry because he asked for it. This seems to be the common mentality of all intellectuals who miss officialdom in the old society.
Wu's style
Friends who have read The Scholars will be more or less deeply impressed by the unique literary creation style of Wu, a famous novelist and Anhui talented person in Qing Dynasty. In this novel, Wu described the decadent imperial examination system and officialdom life with sharp irony, which is an immortal work in the history of China literature.
The picture comes from the internet.
When it comes to Wu's style, people often think of another literary master who is famous as a "cultural assassin" in modern history. In fact, this great writer also praised Wu's works, thinking that his creation "insists on the public interest above all else and points out the shortcomings of the times." The master of modern literature known by this man is Mr. Lu Xun, who is known as the "soul of China". Hundreds of years later, Lu Xun's novels were born, and the realistic spirit and sharp critical spirit in many of his works undoubtedly drew rich nutrition from his predecessor Wu's thoughts and artistic concepts.
It is said that during the creation of The Scholars, our life was at a low ebb. After his father died, his family became more and more difficult. In many cases, even rice and firewood are unsustainable, so he has to make a living by selling books and articles and pawning furniture. It is in this case that the young and famous genius suddenly has a brand-new understanding of his life situation and official career. Therefore, later generations agreed that Wu, who was born in a eunuch family, would never spend his whole life writing such a novel full of acrimony and satire, and Wu's unique style would never leave such a deep impression and far-reaching influence on later generations.
Wu evaluation
Wu is a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty, and is known as the first writer in Anhui. He was born in Quanjiao County and loved poetry books since childhood. As a teenager, he was famous for his elegant manners and romantic style. It's a pity that when I was an adult, my family's fortunes fell and I didn't have a chance to have a career. In his later years, Wu was obsessed with calligraphy and novel creation, and wrote a long satirical novel The Scholars, which profoundly exposed the darkness of the Qing officialdom. It is a treasure of China's classical literature, and the world highly values Wu, calling him/kloc-the greatest novelist in the 8th century.
The picture comes from the internet.
In fact, in addition to literary achievements, the descendants of Wu in Quanjiao have a more comprehensive evaluation of Wu. According to Wu's statement, Wu was naturally open-minded, made a wide range of friends, and had many contacts with scholars in the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, many literati liked refined and popular games such as drinking, writing poems and drinking orders. When the wine is half drunk, Wu often writes brilliantly, and his outstanding literary talent is often revealed in the game.
Unfortunately, when Wu was 23 years old, his father left and the Wu family suddenly declined. In the face of those close relatives who wolfed down their ancestors, Wu felt the sadness of the world being cold and moral decay. In addition, at that time, the imperial examination system in the Qing Dynasty was corrupt, and there was no hope for Wu Gongming, who was proficient in Chinese and Western learning, so he was cynical and indulgent. At the age of 33, he moved out of his hometown and moved to Nanjing.
During his years in Nanjing, Wu lived in poverty and often needed to sell books and things to make a living, but he still liked to call friends, get together with scholars, and sometimes donated money to help scholars who were also poor. Sometimes he would warm his feet around the city wall with a group of friends in winter, and even sold all the last ancestral houses with peppers in order to take the lead in building ancestral temples. Therefore, people's evaluation of Wu in this period was "charitable and bold", and it was also in this period that he wrote his life's energy and talent into an immortal masterpiece "The Scholars".