Introduction
This deserted garden is not only piled with rubble and overgrown with weeds, but also has trees, vines, birds, insects and beasts. It is a good place for children to play. Lu Xun and his friends often came here to play when they were children, picking purple mulberries and sweet and sour raspberries, catching crickets and playing with cantharides, sometimes digging the roots of Polygonum multiflorum, and sometimes picking the fruits of Magnolia vine. Enjoy the coolness under the shade of trees, listen to the chirping of cicadas, and catch birds on the snow in the cold winter. There are animals and plants in the Baicao Garden that can be seen, heard, played and eaten. It is really a lot of fun for children. Even though the "purple mulberries, sweet and sour raspberries, smooth stone well railings, tall honey locust trees..." are now hard to find, the rich interest in life in the article still brings you rich imagination.
These interesting childhood stories in the small garden left a deep and beautiful impression in Lu Xun's heart, and they still aroused his affectionate nostalgia in his later years. In Lu Xun's childhood, Baicao Garden was a vitality. A vibrant, fun-filled paradise of life. A famous essay "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" written by Lu Xun when he was teaching at Xiamen University describes his innocent play and strong interest in life in the garden during his childhood. The beginning of this essay reads: "There is a large garden behind my house. According to legend, it is called Baicao Garden...but it was my paradise at that time." His kind and touching lyrical writing touches the garden. The beautiful memories of the scenery all arouse people's interest in visiting Baicao Garden.
Lu Xun first came into contact with natural scenery in Baicao Garden, which aroused his interest in observing and studying some botanical books with drawings, flowers, plants and trees. On the stepped stone strips in the courtyard in front of the chapel of his former residence, he planted no less than twenty kinds of flowers and plants in flower pots.
With the decline of the Zhou family in Xintaimen, the land of the Shou Renfang in the east of Baicao Garden was sold to Zhu Langxian, the east neighbor, as early as 1915. The west Shou Zhifang part was also sold together with the Xintaimen real estate in 1918. Gave it to the Zhu family. After Zhu Langxian rebuilt Xintaimen into "Lupan", he also expanded the back garden. In the small garden of Baicao Garden, a rockery was built on the ground, and a fish pond and flower hall were built. After liberation, the state recovered the money from the subsequent owners named Zhang, and it was opened to the public as part of the Lu Xun Memorial Hall for the general public to visit and rest. The main part of Baicao Garden still basically maintains its original style.
Original text of the work
There is a large garden behind my house, which is said to be called Baicao Garden. Now it has been sold to the descendants of Zhu Wengong together with the house. Even the last meeting has been separated by seven or eight years. It seems that there are only some weeds in it; but it was the paradise of my childhood.
Needless to say, there are green vegetable beds, smooth stone well fences, tall honey locust trees, and purple mulberries; there is no need to mention the cicadas chirping in the leaves, and the fat wasps lying on the cauliflowers, nimbly calling the emperor. (The skylark) suddenly jumped straight from the grass into the sky. The surrounding short mud walls alone are infinitely interesting. The oil flies sing here, and the crickets play the piano here. When turning over broken bricks, you sometimes meet centipedes; and cantharides. If you press its backbone with your fingers, it will make a "pop" sound and a burst of smoke will be emitted from the rear orifices. The Polygonum multiflorum vine and the Magnolia vine are intertwined. The Magnolia has lotus-like fruits, and the Polygonum multiflorum has bloated roots. Some people say that the root of Polygonum multiflorum has a human shape, and if you eat it, you can become an immortal. So I often pull it up, and I kept pulling it up, and I damaged the mud wall because of it, but I have never seen a root that looks like a human. If you are not afraid of thorns, you can also pick raspberries, which are like small balls made of small coral beads. They are sour and sweet, and the color and taste are much better than mulberries.
You can't go into the long grass because it is said that there is a big red snake in the garden.
My eldest mother once told me a story: Previously, there was a scholar who lived in an ancient temple and studied. At night, while enjoying the cool air in the yard, he suddenly heard someone calling him. He agreed, and when he looked around, he saw a beautiful woman's face exposed on the wall, smiled at him, and then disappeared. He was very happy; but the old monk who came to talk at night discovered the trap. He said that there was some evil spirit on his face, and he must have met the "Beautiful Snake"; this is a monster with the head of a human and the body of a snake. It can call people's names. If they agree, it will come to eat the person's flesh at night. He was naturally frightened to death, but the old monk said it was okay and gave him a small box, saying that as long as he put it next to his pillow, he could sleep peacefully. Although he did the same thing, he still couldn't sleep - of course he couldn't sleep. In the middle of the night, it really came, rustle! There was the sound of wind and rain outside the door. Just as he was shaking into a ball, he heard a crack, and a golden light flew out from the pillow. There was no sound outside, and the golden light flew back and was collected in the box. What happened next? Later, the old monk said that this was a flying centipede that could suck the brains of snakes, and the beautiful snake was killed by it.
The lesson at the end is: So if a strange voice calls your name, you must not answer it.
This story makes me feel the dangers of being a human being. When I enjoy the coolness on a summer night, I am often a little worried and dare not look at the wall. I also desperately want to get a box of flying centipedes like the old monk. I often think this way when I walk to the grass in the Herb Garden. But until now, I haven't gotten it yet, nor have I met the Red Snake or the Beautiful Snake. Of course, there are often strange voices calling my name, but they are not beautiful snakes.
The Baicao Garden in winter is relatively tasteless; when it snows, it becomes completely different.
Photographing snowmen (printing one's full shape on the snow) and shaping snow arhats require people's appreciation. This is a deserted park and inaccessible, so it is not suitable, so we have to come to catch birds. Thin snow is not enough; it must be covered with snow for a day or two, when the birds have nowhere to look for food. Sweep away a piece of snow to expose the ground, use a short stick to hold up a large bamboo sieve, scatter some grains underneath, tie a long rope to the stick, and hold it from a distance to watch the birds come down to eat and go. When you get under the bamboo sieve, you pull the rope and cover it. But what we got were mostly sparrows, and there were also white-cheeked "Zhang Fei birds", which were very irritable and couldn't be kept overnight.
This is the method taught by Runtu's father, but I am not very good at using it. I obviously saw them entering, so I pulled the rope and ran to take a look, but there was nothing there. After a long time of effort, I could only catch three or four. Runtu's father could catch dozens of them in a short time, put them in fork bags, scream and hit them. I once asked him the reasons for gains and losses, and he just laughed quietly and said: You are too impatient and have no time to wait for it to come to the middle.
I don’t know why my family sent me to a private school, which is also known as the most severe school in the city. Maybe it was because he destroyed the mud wall by pulling out polygonum multiflorum, maybe because he threw the bricks to the Liang family in the next room, maybe because he jumped down from the railing of the stone well... There is no way of knowing. In short: I won’t be able to go to Baicao Garden very often. Goodbye, my crickets! Goodbye, my raspberries and magnolias!
Go east, walk less than half a mile, cross a stone bridge, and you will find my husband’s home. Entering through a black oiled bamboo door, the third room is the study room. There is a plaque hanging in the middle saying: Sanwei Bookstore; below the plaque is a painting, which shows a very fat sika deer lying under an old tree. There is no Confucius tablet, so we salute to the plaque and the deer. The first time is to worship Confucius, and the second time is to worship Mr.
When I saluted for the second time, my husband responded kindly. He is a tall, thin old man with gray beard and hair, and wears big glasses. I am very respectful to him because I have long heard that he is a very upright, simple and knowledgeable person in this city.
I don’t know where I heard it from, but Dongfang Shuo is also very knowledgeable. He knows a kind of insect called "Weird". I really want to know this story in detail, but Chang doesn't know it because she is not knowledgeable after all. Now that I have the opportunity, I can ask Mr.
"Sir, what's going on with this 'weird' bug?..." I took the exam and asked quickly when I was about to retire.
"I don't know!" He seemed very unhappy, with an angry look on his face.
I realized that as a student, you should not ask these things. As long as you study, because he is a profound scholar, he will never not know. This is often the case with people who are older than me. I have encountered this several times.
I just read, practice calligraphy at noon, and give lessons in the evening. My husband was very strict with me in the first few days, but later he got better. However, he gradually read more books to me, and gradually added more words to his lectures, from three words to five words, and finally to seven words.
There is also a garden behind Sanwei Bookstore. Although it is small, you can climb up the flower bed there to break plum blossoms, and look for cicadas to shed on the ground or on the sweet-scented osmanthus trees. The best job is to catch flies and feed ants, quietly and without making any sound. However, too many classmates were in the garden for too long, and it was no longer possible. The teacher shouted in the study: "Where have everyone gone!"
People walked back one by one. "It's not possible to go back together." He had a ruler, but he didn't use it often. He also had a rule for punishing people by kneeling, but he didn't use it often. He just stared a few times and said loudly: "Read!"
So everyone relaxed their throats and read for a while. It was really loud. Some people think, "Benevolence is far away. I want to be kind and benevolent." Some people think, "Laughing at a man with missing teeth means a dog's sinuses are wide open." Some people think, "Don't use the Nine Hidden Dragons above." Some people think, "Jiu Tu Xia Mr. "Shangshang Cuojue Gongbaomao Tangyou"... also studied. Later, our voices lowered and became quiet, and only he continued to read aloud:
"Tie Ruyi, commanding and suave, everyone is shocked when he sits down~~; Jin Boluo, upside down and dripping, A thousand cups of wine are not drunk yet~~..."
I suspect this is an excellent article, because after reading this, he always smiles, raises his head, shakes it, and twists it back , get over it.
When Mr. is absorbed in reading, it is very suitable for us. A few used paper armor sets to put on their nails for show. I was a painter, using a kind of paper called "Jingchuan paper" to trace the embroideries in the novel one by one, just like shadowing when practicing calligraphy. The more books I read, the more pictures I drew; I didn't finish reading the books, but I made a lot of paintings. The most successful ones were the portraits of "Dang Kou Zhi" and "Journey to the West", both of which were large. Later, because I needed money, I sold it to a rich classmate. His father ran a tin foil shop; I heard that he was now a shopkeeper and was about to be promoted to the status of a gentleman. This thing no longer exists.
September 18
(The sixth lesson of the seventh-grade Chinese language in the Jiangsu Education Press is noted as March 24, 2013)
The main idea of ??the paragraph< /p>
Baicao Garden and Sanwei Bookstore are two places where Lu Xun lived in his childhood. When reading, grasp the change of location and divide the full text into two parts. Each part can be divided into several layers according to different times and events.
The full text can be divided into two parts.
The first part (1~9): Recalling the interesting life in Baicao Garden. It can be divided into five layers.
First floor (1 paragraph): Write about the situation of Baicao Garden. Pointing out "my paradise" shows my love and nostalgia for Baicao Garden.
Second floor (2 paragraphs): When writing about hot weather, Baicao Garden is full of infinite fun. (Beautiful view of Baicao Garden)
Third level (paragraphs 3-6): Write about the story of the beautiful snake told by the eldest mother and "my" feelings about this story. (The Story of the Beautiful Snake)
Level 4 (paragraphs 7-8): Write about the fun of catching birds in the snow in the Herb Garden in winter. (Catching birds in the snow)
Fifth floor (9 paragraphs): It is the transitional paragraph. Say goodbye to Baicao Garden and go to the most strict book school in the city to study, and reflect on what you did in Baicao Garden. It can be seen from the last sentence that this paragraph focuses on the reluctance to leave Baicao Garden, so it belongs to the first paragraph.
Part 2 (10 paragraphs to the end): Recalling the experience of studying at Sanwei Bookstore. Available in four floors.
First floor (paragraphs 10 and 11): Write about the enrollment situation, introduce the characteristics of the bookstore and the husband's personality.
The second floor (paragraphs 12 to 16) writes about meeting my husband for the first time and asking him what was "strange", but he didn't get an answer.
Level 3 (paragraphs 17-20): Write about sneaking into the back garden to play and the fun of the back garden.
Fourth level (paragraphs 21 to 24): Write about the ridiculous scenes of teachers and students reading, and "I" describe the situation while the teacher is absorbed in reading.
Theme
Through completely different descriptions of life in Baicao Garden and Sanwei Bookstore, the author expresses the children's love for nature and their extensive life interests in exploring various knowledge, as well as the author's The childlike innocence of the time.
The last sentence of the full text also expresses a deep meaning, which actually refers to the author's innocence and innocence that will never return.
Shape: fat, tall, bloated, small ball
Sound: chanting, playing the piano
Color: green, purple, cauliflower and bee "yellow" .
Taste: sour and sweet.
Spring scene: mulberries and cauliflower.
Xia Jing: Singing cicada.
Autumn Scene: The Chirping of Crickets
The order in which the author writes about the Herb Garden is: from low to high, from the whole to the part, from still life to animals, from plants to animals and then to plants
Phonetic characters
Confirmed (záo) vegetable border (qí) mulberry (shèn) light and agile (jié)
oil fly (líng) cantharides (máo) entangled (chán) network ( cuán)
Coral (shān hú) Open (huō) Convergence (liǎn) Brain (suǐ)
Mo (mò) Shengmi (mì) Eat bamboo sieve (shāi) Stubble ( bǐ) Valley
Infrequently visited (hǎn) to the book school (shú) cicada shed (tuì) Yuan (yuān) Bo
There is a lot of people (dǐng) Su Ru (rú) helmet (kuī ) Jia Tisu (tì tǎnɡ)
Dou (dòu) If (tǎng) Ruoyong (yōng) Pomelo (yòu)
Chang (cháng) Mama 叵 (pǒ) Ao (ǎo ) Jué (jué)
Polyphonetic word: Ao Zan Su Zhe Department Long
Ade means goodbye in German. The pinyin can be pronounced as (a dèi) or (ah de) or ( Ah day)
(Word explanation)
Conclusively.
Light and light.
Put it all together.
Convergence.
Appreciation, appreciation.
At least there are people who visit. Traces, footprints, footprints. Rare, rare.
Founder and upright.
People who are classmates and study in the same school.
The meaning of loud and noisy people.
Suave and free; unrestrained.
Be serious and polite to your elders or guests.
Tangled together.
Forage in search of food. To search for.
Erudition (knowledge) is deep and broad.
An old scholar who has read a lot of Confucianism. Su, old; it means to engage in a certain kind of work for a long time. Confucianism refers to scholars.
Ding Bo describes the noise and chaos, like water boiling in a pot.
Vegetable fields. Qi, a divided area in the garden.
A long chant and a long cry. Verbs, partial compound words, serve as predicates in the original sentences of the text. Synonyms: roar.
The sky with extremely high clouds; the horizon. Xiao, cloud.
If the conjunction expresses a hypothesis, it is basically the same as "if" and is used in writing.
Post orifice and anus.
Yongzhong is also written as "bloated", which means excessive obesity and inability to move well. The text describes the roots of Polygonum multiflorum as being fat and strong.
Enjoy the coolness. Accept and enjoy.
Scheming; scheming. Here is the meaning of secret.
Tao said.
The oil fly is an orthopteran insect, commonly known as golden bell. It looks like a watermelon seed, is black, and sings day and night.
Yanyan here means "word".
After-class problem solving
1. Read the text as required and discuss the following questions.
1． This article is titled "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore". What information did you get from this title?
"From... to..." means that this article roughly consists of two parts, and it also tells us the content of the two parts before and after the article.
2. Read the text quickly and find out the starting and ending sentences of Baicao Garden and Sanwei Bookstore as well as the transition paragraph in between.
From the beginning "There is a big garden behind my house" to the middle "There is no time to wait for it to go to the middle" is the part about the Baicao Garden; from "Go out to the east" to the end of the article "This thing "It's gone a long time ago" is the part about Sanwei Bookstore; in the middle "I don't know why my family sent me to a book school" is the transitional paragraph between the two parts.
3． Read the text carefully, and while reading, connect the two parts to think and discuss: What kind of thoughts and feelings does this article express? The following three statements are available for reference.
① Use the freedom and happiness of Baicao Garden to set off the boringness of Sanwei Bookstore, exposing and criticizing feudal decadence and private school education that is divorced from children's reality.
② Comparing the freedom and happiness of Baicao Garden with the boringness of Sanwei Bookstore shows children's love for nature, freedom and happiness, and at the same time expresses dissatisfaction with the feudal education that restricts children's physical and mental development.
③Through the memories of Baicao Garden and Sanwei Bookstore, the author expresses his love for nature, pursuit of knowledge, and innocence, childishness, and joy in his childhood.
This exercise only helps students grasp the theme of the article from the combination of the whole and the parts. Due to the complexity of the text content, it is difficult for first grade students to understand it deeply. As long as you understand it, you will achieve your goal.
These three statements all have some truth. No matter which statement the students agree with, they must give appropriate affirmation. The first theory is based on the fact that Lu Xun criticized the obsolete feudal private school education in more than one article and stifled children's nature. Even in this article, I write about the dullness and boringness of private school life. The second statement is a modification of the first statement, which is more reasonable than the first statement. The third statement is the easiest to accept by people today and seems to be the most reasonable.
2. Think about the text below and answer the questions in brackets.
This exercise is designed to guide students to understand the meaning of sentences based on context, understand the content of the article, and understand the semantic focus of the article.
1． Needless to say, there are green vegetable beds, smooth stone well fences, tall honey locust trees, and purple mulberries; there is no need to mention the cicadas chirping in the leaves, the fat wasps crouching on the cauliflowers, and the nimble calls of the emperor (skylarks) suddenly appearing from the grass. He went straight into the sky. The surrounding short mud walls alone are infinitely interesting.
("No need to say... no need to say... just..." Which content is the key point to emphasize? Please write a paragraph.)
"Simply" The following content is the focus emphasized by the author.
2. Maybe it was because he destroyed the mud wall by pulling out Polygonum multiflorum, maybe because he threw the bricks to the Liang family in the next room, maybe because he jumped down from the stone well railing...
(" "I" don't know the reason why I was sent to a private school? What words did you find out from?)
"I" don't know the reason why I was sent to a private school, because when it comes to the reason, Use "maybe" to express speculation.
3. The following passage uses a series of verbs in succession to accurately describe the process of catching birds in the snow. Savor it carefully, and then write a paragraph yourself, or describe the process of playing a certain game, or describe the process of ants moving, and try to use a series of verbs.
Sweep away a piece of snow to expose the ground, use a short stick to hold up a large bamboo sieve, scatter some grains underneath, tie a long rope to the stick, and hold it from a distance to watch the birds. The bird came down to eat. When it reached the bottom of the bamboo sieve, it pulled the rope and covered it.
This question is an extended exercise from in-class to out-of-class. It is necessary to guide students to learn to use a series of verbs to accurately describe a game on the basis of understanding the accurate use of verbs in this passage. You can use the games mentioned in the question, or you can choose your own game.
Content Analysis
1. What situation is introduced at the beginning of the article? Which way to start this article? What is the purpose of the sentence "But it was my paradise then"?
The article focuses on the topic at the beginning and introduces the location, origin and current ownership of Baicao Garden.
This article adopts a language style that is different from adult opinions, and gets straight to the point and gets to the point.
The sentence "But it was my paradise then" is the keynote of the first part, which can be seen in the following seven paragraphs.
2. What are the scenery in the Baicao Garden?
There are "vegetable border", "stone well column", "acacia tree", "mulberry", "singing cicada", "wasp", "called emperor", "oil fly", "cricket", " Centipede", "Cantharis", "Polygonum multiflorum", "Magnolia", "Raspberry".
3. Some of the scenery in Baicao Garden are described in detail. Why should they be described in detail?
The details of the description of the scenery in Baicao Garden are closely related to the central meaning.
For example, "the area around the roots of the mud wall" is written in detail, and the purpose is to use "dots" to reflect "surfaces". Since there is "infinite fun" here, it can be seen that there are many interesting places in Baicao Garden, highlighting "my love for Baicao Garden." ”
4. What rhetorical methods does the author use when describing the scenery of Baicao Garden? What is the reason why the author writes Baicao Garden so vividly, intimately and touchingly?
The author uses the rhetorical methods of "personification", "metaphor" and "parallel".
The author has made careful observations of Baicao Garden, is familiar with it, and captures the characteristics of the scenery to describe it. In the description, he also pours out his love for Baicao Garden, the paradise of childhood.
5. "You can't go into the long grass,... the beautiful snake will be killed by it." What is the role of these two paragraphs in the article? What is the structural role of the sentence in red?
These two paragraphs are about the story told by the elder mother about the beautiful snake. This story adds a sense of mystery to Baicao Garden, enriches the interest of Baicao Garden as a children's paradise, and also gives "me" some lessons. As mentioned below, he "felt the danger of being a human being" and "had a strong desire to get a box of flying centipedes like the old monk", which gave rise to the idea of ??punishing evil.
The sentence in red plays a transitional role in the structure. "Long grass" is used to support the Herb Garden, and "I can't go" leads to the following story about the beautiful snake.
6. "All scenery language is love language." Carefully study the first eight natural paragraphs of the text and experience the fun in the herb garden described by the author.
(1) Watching "Happy" is a feast for the eyes. Baicao Garden has rich scenery, beautiful and attractive scenery, and "infinite fun".
① Color beauty: "green" is dazzling, and "purple red" is sultry.
②Beautiful sound: The cicada chants, the oil fly sings low, and the cricket plays the piano, singing in unison.
③Beauty: The wasp is fat, Polygonum multiflorum and magnolia are intertwined, and the shapes are different.
④ Delicious taste: raspberries are sour and sweet, mouth-watering.
(2) Listening to "music" is a feast for the ears. The twists and turns, thrills and bizarre stories of beautiful snakes add to the mystery of Baicao Garden and enrich the interest of Baicao Garden as a children's paradise.
(3) Find "fun" and experience it with your heart. It’s fun to hunt birds after snow. A series of words expressing actions accurately and vividly describe the whole process of bird hunting and the excitement and surprise of children when catching birds.
The above three contents show that the life in Baicao Garden is beautiful, magical and interesting, which confirms the last sentence at the beginning: "It seems that there are only some weeds in it; but it was my paradise at that time."< /p>
7. What is the relationship between the two parts of "Baicao Garden" and "Sanwei Bookstore" written in this article? What thoughts and feelings does the author express?
There are three different views on this issue. One view is that the two parts are in a contrasting relationship. Comparing the free and happy life in Baicao Garden with the boring and stale life in Sanwei Bookstore, one is how suitable for children's psychology and shows children's wide range of life interests, and the other is how hindering children's physical and mental health. The development of it shows the children's aversion to it. Another view is that the two parts are in a foil relationship, using the free and joyful life in Baicao Garden to set off the boring life in Sanwei Bookstore, in order to criticize the constraints and damage caused to children by the feudal education system. There is also a view that the two parts have a harmonious and unified relationship. What runs through the whole text is the memory of sweet joy, the love of nature and the pursuit of knowledge, and an innocent and naughty childlike innocence. This is the purpose of this prose. The beauty of artistic conception and charm.
Different understandings of the structure of this article actually reflect different understandings of the theme of the article. Different understandings of the theme of the article are allowed, as long as it makes sense.
Sanwei Bookstore
The original name of "Sanwei Bookstore" is "Sanyu Bookstore"
"Sanyu": winter means the rest of the year, night means the rest of the day, The cloudy and rainy days are sunny.
The "Three Flavors": reading is called Taikan, history is called "Zuzu", and the son is called "熯醢".