Hugo, (l82～1885), was the leader of the active romantic literary movement in the early 19th century and an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature. The leading ideas that run through his life activities and creation are humanitarianism, opposing violence and controlling "evil" with love. His creation period is over 6 years, and his works include 26 volumes of poems, 2 volumes of novels, 12 volumes of plays and 21 volumes of philosophical works, totaling 79 volumes, adding a very brilliant cultural heritage to the treasure house of French literature and human culture. His masterpieces are Notre Dame de Paris, Les Miserables and other novels.
Hugo experienced almost all the major events in France in the 19th century. He worshipped chateaubriand, an early French romantic writer, since childhood. In 1827, he published the verse scripts Cromwell and <: Cromwell >: Preface (1827), which is called the declaration of the French romantic drama movement, is an extremely important literary work of Hugo. In 183, he wrote the first romantic play "Ernani" according to the theory in the preface, and its performance marked the victory of romanticism over classicism.
Notre Dame de Paris (1831) is Hugo's first large-scale romantic novel. It wrote a story that happened in France in the 15th century by bizarre and contrasting methods: Claude, the deputy bishop of Notre Dame de Paris, was hypocritical and heartless, and loved first and then hated, persecuting the gypsy girl Ais Melar. Quasimodo, an ugly and kind-hearted bell ringer, gave his life to save the girl. The novel exposes the hypocrisy of religion, declares the bankruptcy of asceticism, praises the kindness, friendship and self-sacrifice of the lower working people, and reflects Hugo's humanitarian thought.
Les Miserables can best represent Hugo's ideological and artistic style. With his outstanding artistic charm, he showed the cruel reality that the capitalist society enslaved the working people and forced them into prostitution. However, the writer is convinced that only moral influence is the best way to cure social disasters. Although there are many realistic factors in the novel, it is still a romantic masterpiece in terms of the characterization, the description of the environment, the use of symbols and contrast techniques.
"Notre Dame de Paris" and "Les Miserables" have been made into movies for many times, which have been widely circulated in the world and become classics.
Chronicles of Hugo's life
Hugo, a 19th century French literary master poet, novelist, playwright, literary critic and political commentator, is known as the national poet of France and the leader of the romantic literary movement. He advocates democracy and freedom, opposes monarchy, advocates humanitarianism and advocates the abolition of the death penalty, and is famous for his masterpieces such as hunchback of notre dame and Les Miserables.
Born on February 26th, 182 in Besancon, eastern France.
In p>1819, he co-founded Conservative Literary Biweekly with the romantic poet Winnie the Pooh and others. Publish the first poem in a periodical.
In p>1822, he compiled the first book of poetry, Odes and Miscellaneous Poems. Marry Edna at St. Supes Cathedral.
In p>1825, he was awarded the Medal of Honor to attend the coronation ceremony of Charles X.
In p>1827, he published the verse script Cromwell and the famous romantic manifesto, and became the leader of the romantic movement.
In p>1831, he completed the romantic literary masterpiece and novel Notre Dame de Paris (that is, hunchback of notre dame).
In p>1841, he was elected to the French Academy and publicly expressed his support for the constitutional monarchy.
In p>1843, the script Les Burgraves failed and his daughter Leopold died unexpectedly, so he stopped his new work and turned to the political arena.
in p>1845, he became a nobleman and was named Count Hugo.
In p>1848, the Journal of Major Events was founded.
In p>185, Hugo was arrested and imprisoned, and he fled Paris under the pseudonym of Lanwen.
in p>1851, Louis Bonaparte staged a coup to declare the monarchy, and Hugo was forced into exile.
in p>1853, a collection of poems full of ironic political meanings-Punishment Collection was published.
In p>1862, he published the immortal social novel Les Miserables.
Edna, Hugo's wife, died in p>1868.
In p>187, the Third Peace Government was established, ending 19 years of exile and returning to Paris.
in p>1871, he was elected as a deputy to the National Assembly.
Hugo was elected to the Senate in p>1876.
In p>1883, the third volume of Legend of the Century was completed.
On May 22nd, 1885, he died in Paris.
On June 1st, Hugo's coffin was placed under the Arc de Triomphe for all the people to see and was buried in the Great Men's Cemetery in Paris.
main works:
1827: Cromwell (script)
1829: les Orientales (poem)
183: Hernani (play)
1833.
1838: Ruybras (script)
1853: les Chatiments (poem)
1856: les Contemplations (poem)
1862: les Miserables.
1869: L'Homme qui Rit (novel)
1859-1883: la Legende des siecles (poem)
1874: Quatre-Vingt-Treize.
In terms of poetry, it has magnificent colors, full of imaginative power, wonderful musicality, various words and ingenious rhymes, and achieves an extraordinary state of elegance, exquisiteness, grandeur and simplicity.
in terms of novels, most of them write social novels to describe life in various ways, combining realism and romanticism, with vivid plots, bizarre structures, surging emotions, great momentum, shocking people's hearts and well-known people.
In terms of drama, it broke the uniformity of Greek tragedy and created a romantic drama with mixed sadness and joy. The use of rich imagination, strong emotions, boundless verve and beautiful poems creates a strong and contradictory dramatic effect.
Painting: Works include famous illustrations, figure paintings and landscape paintings. Describe the plot in the work, show the inner thoughts, and draw western landscapes with ink. During his 19-year exile, "the sea" became the theme of his paintings.
Poems such as Ode to the East, Autumn Leaves Collection, Song of Dusk, Collection of Quiet Views, Legends of Past Dynasties, etc., and plays such as Xiaoyao Wang, Marion Delomai, Lucrez Borghi, mary tudor, Angelo and Garrison Officer. In addition, he also wrote essays on literature and philosophy, on Shakespeare, actions and speeches, and stories and stories, which were co-organized with his eldest brother in 1989. In 1822, he published Ode to Poetry, which was awarded an annuity by Louis Stanislas Xavier. Later, he published a collection of poems, New Anthems (1824) and Ode to Poetry and Long song (1826). In 1823, he published his first novel "The Devil of Iceland", and later published a novel "Bug Jarga" (1826) describing the black riots in St. Domingues at the end of the 18th century. In 1827, he lashed out at classicism in the preface of the play Cromwell, which was regarded as the declaration of the romantic movement. The play El Nani, staged in 183, is an epoch-making work, which breaks the boundaries between sadness and comedy and adopts a lot of exotic drama techniques.
in p>1831, he published the novel Notre Dame de Paris, the novel Les Miserables (1862) and the novel The Laborer at Sea (1866). 93 (1874)