1. What are the characteristics of poetry?
Compared with other literary forms, the distinctive characteristics of poetry are harmonious rhyme and distinctive rhythm, forming a certain sense of rhythm and musicality. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Prose is walking, while poetry is dancing." Therefore, the recitation of poetry should emphasize harmonious and smooth rhyme and rhythm.
Phonunity
Phonunity is the basic condition for poetry to be musical. Especially ancient poetry must rhyme, which means that the words at the end of each line or every other line must fall on the same or similar syllables. If the candidate's pronunciation is better, then it will naturally sound harmonious and beautiful when reciting. If the candidate's pronunciation foundation is not very good, reciting poetry will easily expose this weakness.
What are the functions of phonology in poetry?
First, through the series of rhymes at the end of the poems, the lines of poems that have made a huge leap in content form a unified whole. Strengthen the integrity of structure and image from phonological coordination.
Secondly, the rhythm of poetry forms a musical artistic language. When recited aloud, it can be used to express emotions according to emotion, so as to achieve both voice and emotion and enhance the lyrical color.
For example:
It is difficult to say goodbye when we meet, the east wind is powerless and the flowers are withered. Spring silkworms will not run out of silk until they die, and wax torches will turn to ashes before their tears dry up.
Thirdly, the rhythm of the poem makes the reader catchy when reading it, and it has the characteristics of being pleasant, smooth, and singable.
The rhyme of poetry is roughly divided into thirteen categories. The specific categories are highly professional and candidates do not need to master them now. However, it should be noted that rhymes are rare in poetry and are generally Appears in children's songs and folk songs.
(2) Another characteristic of the musical language of rhythm poetry is the strong and bright rhythm.
Guo Moruo once said: "Rhythm to poetry is both its appearance and its life." From the perspective of external form, rhythm is specifically reflected in the strength of the voice and the length of the language. The processing of strong and weak pronunciation includes stress reading and light reading, and the processing of long and short language includes fast reading and slow reading. Generally, they are used alternately in the specific recitation process and arranged regularly and roughly neatly to form the rhythm of the poem.
The rhythm of ancient Chinese poetry is relatively regular, with a strong sense of rhythm and strict requirements. Five-character poems should have three breaks, and seven-character poems should have four breaks.
For example:
Rich family - wine and meat - smelly,
There are roads - frozen to death - bones.
Chaoci - Baidi - Caiyun - in the meantime,
Thousands of miles - Jiangling - one day - return.
On both sides of the strait - the sound of apes - crying - can't stop,
The light boat - has passed - ten thousand - heavy mountains.
Because the verses in new-style poems are not neat, it is more free to interrupt sentences during the recitation process, and they can be longer or shorter. Moreover, in order to grasp the importance, speed and discontinuity of the poems, we need to find a unified rhythm according to the content of the poem. This requires the use of the logical reading skills discussed in the chapter "Preparation for Recitation".
For example, the poem "Yanhe still flows":
Farewell - Yanhe - Jiuyanhe - still - flows into the Yellow River - flows into the sea for thousands of years - Forever - never ending - love the Yan River all my life - unforgettable - Song of Yan River How many war horses - how many soldiers drink here - how many heroes will live from now on - kill the enemy and return the sword with the Yan water Mo Yan River flows in - —Singing in the Yellow River now—all over the country.
2. Poetry has distinctive thoughts and abundant emotions.
In "The Book of Songs", there is a saying that "poetry expresses ambition". The poet expresses his thoughts and feelings through poems, and he expresses these thoughts in his most excited and full-feeling state. Feelings come out. In addition, poetry is limited by length, and must use the most concise language to express the richest emotions and the most profound philosophy. Therefore, when poetry expresses its meaning, it is extremely vivid and strong, and the thoughts and ideas between the lines are passionate. This requires the reciter to be emotionally rich and need passion and strong appeal when reciting.
3. The language of poetry is concise, but very vivid, and has a lot of room for imagination.
The commonly used expression techniques in poetry are "Fu, Bi, Xing". "Fu" means "to state the events and speak directly", that is, to directly describe the events. For example:
The White Emperor's speech to the emperor is among the colorful clouds. A thousand miles of rivers and mountains are returned in one day. The apes on both sides of the bank can't stop crying, and the boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains.
"Bi" means "comparing another thing to this thing", which is a metaphorical technique. This is the most common rhetorical method in poetry. For example:
The incense burner produces purple smoke in the sunshine, and the waterfall Kageqianchuan can be seen in the distance. The flying stream plummeted down three thousand feet, and it was suspected that the Milky Way had fallen into the sky.
"Xing" means "preface something else to elicit the words to be chanted", which means saying something else at the beginning to elicit the words to be expressed. This is most common in the folk song Xintianyou in northern Shaanxi:
The wild geese coming from the south and the wind going north miss Mao Zedong in their hearts.
It can be seen that when reciting poetry, the reciter needs to fully imagine based on the poems in his heart, and poetry also has the characteristics of exaggeration in imagination, so it has great potential in the progression and change of imagination. The depth and breadth require the reciter to quickly expand his imagination to express the leap forward of the poem, and express the openness, heroism, enthusiasm and unrestrainedness of the poem.
4. The artistic conception of poetry needs the understanding of the reader to express it.
Generally speaking, when a poet expresses his inner thoughts and feelings, he often first guides everyone to the cleverly conceived artistic conception created by his inner imagination, and expresses his emotions through specific and vivid images:
Withered vines, old trees and dim crows, small bridges and flowing water. The ancient road has a westerly wind and a thin horse. The sun sets in the west, and the heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
It can be seen from this poem that only profound thoughts without imaginative artistic conception cannot form a poem and can only be called a paper; and only a description of the environment without a profound meaning can never be It's called a good poem. Therefore, reciters are required to have two conditions when reciting poems: first, vivid thoughts and abundant passion; second, rich, vivid and concrete thoughts.
5. The language requirements of poetry are few but precise, and are characterized by conciseness and conciseness.
When poetry expresses thoughts and feelings, the language has been refined, purified and refined. The ancients said, "The meaning is especially about grains. Literature means cooking and making rice; poetry means brewing and making wine." It can be seen that the language of poetry is more intense and concise. This contains two meanings: the language of poetry is inspiring and can induce people to associate with life. Poetry often uses extremely concise pen and ink to open up an infinitely vast world. When we finish reading a good poem, what is left to us is richer content, thoughts and emotions than the language and words of the poem itself, with endless implications. There are even some poems that will become mottos in life: With cold eyebrows, you can point fingers at thousands of people, but you can bow your head and be willing to be a bully. Therefore, for poetry reciters, they must be fully confident and calm during the recitation process, and show the dignity of the poem.
(2) The language of the poem is sharp and touches the essence. The essence of poetic language is reflected in the fact that when narrating, painting scenes, and depicting characters, the most characteristic moments are always chosen to add the finishing touch, and unnecessary cumbersome descriptions are omitted. For example:
In the future, in the future... that red flag... the red flag was planted on the Tiananmen Gate... in the future, in the future... that hoe in Nanniwan... was fired out of the desert today. An oasis...
This simple four-line poem expresses rich struggle experience, gives a high-level summary of the revolutionary process, and uses a large leap to get to the essence of things. This also places high demands on the pronunciation and emotional proficiency of the reciter. When reciting, no matter the voice, word pronunciation, or tone, there must be no sloppiness.
6? Whether it is ancient poetry or modern poetry, it has a strong and keen sense of the times and combativeness. She reflects reality more directly, more quickly, more acutely, and more concentratedly.
Poetry is closely integrated with the times, which is also one of the vital characteristics of poetry. Therefore, during the creation process, the reciter must fully understand the historical background in which the poem was produced, in order to better express the combative nature of the poem.
When I want to be sad and hear ghosts cry, I cry and jackals laugh. Shedding tears to honor heroes, raising eyebrows and unsheathing swords.
2. Poetry style and recitation language skills
Understanding the characteristics of poetry can make us fully prepared for reciting good poetry, but these alone are not enough. We often It does not work well to see the poet himself reciting his own work. It stands to reason that he knows his works best and is the most intoxicated with them. However, because he is not good at using recitation skills, what he expresses lacks artistic appeal and cannot move the hearts of the audience. Therefore, in order to recite a poem well, in addition to the necessary analysis of the content of the work, you must also master certain language skills and expression methods. ?
Master rhythm and rhyme. The regularity of poetry's rhythm and the harmony of rhyme are one of the biggest features of its art form. When reciting, rhythm is mainly reflected in the fast and slow speaking speed and the interruption of sentences. Connected. Several aspects coordinate and cooperate with each other to create tension, urgency, comfort, and relaxation in thoughts and emotions. This sharpening and strengthening of rhythm, combined with rhyme, creates the unique melody beauty and musicality of poetry.
(1) The rhythm of poetry cannot be destroyed. The rhythm of poetry is based on her inherent regular rhythm and must follow its inherent laws. As mentioned earlier, five-character poems generally have three sections, adopting a two-two-one approach. For example:
The day - close to the mountains - ends, the Yellow River - enter the sea - flow. If you want to go thousands of miles away, go up to one more floor.
There are also five-character poems that use the combination of 212 and 221:
Western mountains - red leaves - good, heavy frost - color - the thicker. Revolution - also - struggle - meet - heroes.
The requirements for the rhythm of ancient style words are also very strict, but sometimes in order to express the needs of thoughts, you can also be a little more flexible: Where does spring go? Lonely and there is no way to go. If anyone knows where Chun is going, he can call her back to live with her. The pause during the recitation is: Spring returns—where? Loneliness—nowhere—travel. If - there is - someone knows where - spring - goes, and calls - to return - to live with him.
(2) When reciting poems with strict rhymes, you should pay attention to "explicit rhyme" in rhyme, that is, reading the rhyming words at the end of the sentence to be more relaxed and prominent without affecting the expression of thoughts and feelings. , which can emphasize and display the rhythm. In modern poetry, not every sentence has one rhyme, and some poems are very irregular in rhyme. This especially requires the reciter to clarify the meaning of the poem and find the rhyme point before reciting it, otherwise it will be easy to read it as prose.
For candidates, it is very difficult to master this type of modern poetry, so if you are not fully sure, try not to choose this type of modern poetry genre during the exam.
2. Pay attention to the handling of several relationships. The antithesis relationship is often encountered when reciting poetry. Either the upper and lower sentences are relative to each other, or the same words are relative to each other. This is a bit Like couplets in life. For example:
Three mountains are halfway down to the blue sky, and the two waters are divided into Bailuzhou.
When reciting this type of poetry, the tone of the upper and lower sentences must be consistent. Generally, the first sentence is like asking a question and waiting for an answer, and the tone is unstable. The intonation should be slightly raised to form a momentum, and the words are exhausted but the meaning is not clear. The next sentence is an answer, with a conclusion, the tone is relatively stable, and the intonation is relatively stable. It should be lowered slightly to create relative static, and at the same time, attention should be paid to the contrasting relationship of the same part of speech. For example, "three mountains" and "two waters" in the above example sentence. The sentences in this contrasting style have ups and downs when read, forming a natural and regular ups and downs in the sentences, which sounds harmonious, beautiful and vivid. What needs to be reminded is that the pronunciation of relative words must be roughly consistent, and they must be coordinated with each other to be neat, symmetrical, unified and complete.
(2) There is often a relationship between origin, succession, transition and combination between sentences in poetry.
The beginning is the beginning of the narrative; the inheritance is the continuation of the development; the turn is the turning point; the combination is the conclusion. Therefore, there is no need to emphasize too much at the beginning when reciting, and there must be room for the transition and summary in the middle. The climax of emotion and tone is during the summary. This processing will show the level and development of the work, and it will also have content and focus.
(3) Progressive layer by layer
We have just talked about the succession and transition of poetry. Between the verses, the meaning of each sentence is constantly deepening and moving forward.
For example:
We searched all over the world, oh, Prime Minister, you are in every place where the revolution needs, the vast land, your deep footprints are everywhere.
When reciting such poems, the tone, intonation and sound should be gradually strengthened and then stretched to reach a climax.
(4) Contrast relationship In poetry, due to the needs of content, there will be a sharp and strong contrast between sentences in the pitch and strength of pronunciation, the speed and discontinuity of rhythm. In the process of reciting, it is necessary to change the strength of the sentence and the rhythm of the sentence to achieve a contrasting effect.
(5) Processing of Overlapping Verses Verses with the same content often appear repeatedly in poetry. The artistic approach is to emphasize that this type of sentence is more difficult to process. We must understand the different meanings and functions of the same verse appearing in different places based on the coherent meaning, and read different tones and flavors. We must not use the same tone uniformly.