1, On Preface and Postscript Style
Put it at the beginning of the volume as a preface, also called a preface; Put it at the end of the paper as a postscript or postscript.
Some prefaces were written by the author or editor himself, while others were written by others. Its content and function are mostly to explain the situation and purpose of writing or compiling, to elaborate some viewpoints, to introduce or evaluate works, etc.
The genre of preface, such as the preface of books, tables and biographies in Historical Records, is to sum up historical lessons and express the author's views and attitudes towards people and things. The History of the New Five Dynasties compiled by Ouyang Xiu, among which Biography of Lingguan belongs to this category.
Prefaces with more lyrical elements are mostly poems. For example, Li Bai's Preface to the Spring Banquet in Zi Di Tao Li Yuan and Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection.
Postscript or postscript is generally a supplement to the preface, mostly simple and steep, not as detailed and rich as the preface.
In addition, there is a kind of preface in ancient times, which is a style of parting words. For example, Song Lian's Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang. It should be strictly distinguished from the book list.
2. Introduction of Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi (32 1? 379), a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Linyi (now Shandong) was born in Yinshan, Huiji, Zhejiang. He used to be the literature and history of the Right Army and the literature and history of Huiji, so he is known as Wang Youjun. Gong's calligraphy is especially good at regular script and running script. Book saint? . His "Preface to Lanting Collection" post is beautiful and vigorous. Critics call it a gesture, thinking it is like a cloud and agile. . Known as? The best running script in the world? . Other influential works include Le Yi Lun and Seventeen Posts. His son Wang Xianzhi is also a famous calligrapher. His father and son are equally famous? Two kings? 、? Your voice? .
3. Writing background
Xiu, an ancient custom. On the third day of the third month of the first lunar month (the third day of the third month after Wei Dynasty), we went swimming at the water's edge to eliminate the ominous. Spring? . It is said that on March 3rd, 9th, Yonghe, Eastern Jin Dynasty, the weather was clear and the sky was clear in Wan Li. Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Sun Chuo and other 465,438+0 people were drinking and having fun in Yinshan Lanting. In fact, it can also be regarded as their loan. Repair? A poetry meeting in the name of. Celebrities and gentlemen, happy, winding water, gentle songs, very comfortable. Facing Gao Peng's best friend, Wang Xizhi wrote? Unparalleled? Cherry Jin of calligraphy.
Second, the language.
1, interchangeable words
Although the interests are different, the degree of silence is different.
After seeing today, it is also from today's view of the past to Tong Youde.
2. Different meanings of ancient and modern times
Maolin xiuzhu ancient: changjin; What is the common meaning? Repair? 、? Decoration?
Next to the ancient: next to the water: often used for poor quality.
Or take ancient weapons; And this word? Where to? Today's harmony: the common meaning of the masses
I didn't know that old age was coming to an end: read Zeng, now: read Zeng as the surname.
Coming back to life: past and present: generally taking righteousness as the direction
End the past: up to now: I didn't mean it.
I will also be impressed by svengu: today's articles: commonly used means elegance, but also refers to culture or literati.
3. Flexible use of parts of speech
First, adjectives as nouns
A group of smart people are smart people.
Young people, old people.
B, adjectives as verbs
Peng Qi's wound is considered an equal lie.
C, nouns as verbs
Left and right surround of video tape
Drink one cup after another
D. numerals as verbs
It is the same to know that a dead life is a virtual birthday.
4. Polysemy
Sit by the water.
He also ordered Wu to be stationed next to the temple, his place.
Where the method of using troops is the first in the country, the second in the country.
The rest of the ship is progressing slowly.
So, if you are pregnant, you will feel good about it.
Those who cheat horses are not only profitable, but also achieve thousands of miles.
If you are poor, you can't get a book to read.
This person can be seen, and not bending is also inviting.
There are mountains here, and the forest is high with bamboo.
The situation is short-lived, and the longer the last period, the better.
Lazy people can't fix it, and evasive people are afraid of others' learning and progress.
It is a story that has been repaired and slandered, and it is a story that has been praised and destroyed.
The situation is short and short, the last period is complete, and
If you don't expect to repair the past, you can always count on it and ask for more happiness.
It will rain heavily, the road will be blocked, and the time limit has passed.
5, the use of function words
Therefore, pregnancy is also a reason.
Therefore, it is enough to be extremely audio-visual and entertaining.
I know it's so far away from the children that I won't say anything.
Looking up at the universe and overlooking the prosperity of the category.
I didn't know that old age was coming, so I used it between subject and predicate to cancel the independence of sentences.
And its tired verbs.
Every time I look at the auxiliary words of past people's feelings.
Third, understanding and analysis.
1, structural context
(A) Syria banquet grand occasion
(1) account? Time, place, people and things
(2) Write a scene? Mountains, forests, bamboo, water and climate;
(3) grand occasion? Swimming with water, swimming with water.
(4) feeling? Xin ke le ye
(B) hair life sentiment
(1) The way to treat people.
Static electricity Yanwu Yi Shi
Dynamic? Contempt for tradition
(2) Express feelings
Shorten adaptation, and finally end.
A matter of life and death.
(3) the gist of the Ming sequence
(1) Deny the nihilistic outlook on life, that is, the dead life is a false birth, and Peng Qi's sadness is an illusion?
(2) Will the people behind the writing motivation feel gentle?
2. Understanding of key sentences
? I'm glad that between pitches, this has become a thing of the past. I'm still happy about it. Things will get better. ?
? Are you happy? What I liked before, that is, what I liked before? Le? Things; ? Between pitches, is it the past tense? , saying that its former enjoyment has suddenly become a past tense; ? I can't help but be happy about it. For double negation, it means that you can't help feeling it; ? What happened? What is the ending? What's more, regardless of the length of life, it is inevitable to die after all?
The whole sentence is still used? What's more, complex sentences with related progressive relations.
First, this sentence has something to do with the people at the Lanting party today. When he was happy with what he met, he was satisfied with himself for a while and soon became self-sufficient. Does he know that old age is coming? And then what? And what they are tired of. Emotion moves with the times. What is the department of emotion? Two attitudes; The second is for what? What happened? What is the ending? , leads to it? Life and death? This is the discussion center of the full text.
? A dead life is a false birthday, and the destruction of Peng Qi is a mistake. ?
? Dead or alive? Peng Qi? It is Zhuang Zhou's view of life and death. ? Fang Sheng is dead, so is Fang Sheng? The world is not bigger than the end of autumn, and Mount Tai is smaller. Moshou died, but Peng Zu died. ? Zhuangzi believes that there is no absolute boundary between life and death, long life and short life, but they are relative. This book is good, but he exaggerates the theory of relativity so much that he denies the difference between life and death and thinks that life and death are the same. Peng Zu, who is 800 years old, is no different from those who died young, which is obviously absurd. In the third paragraph, the author introduces Confucius. Life and death are also great? It seems that the ancients, present and future generations all made life-and-death sighs for the impermanence of the world to illustrate Zhuangzi? Dead or alive? Peng Qi? Ridiculous.
3. Writing characteristics
(1) The perfect combination of narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
The first paragraph is narrative and description, and the second and third paragraphs are discussion and lyricism. First describe the meeting of Lanting, describe the landscape, then turn from joy to sadness, discuss life and death, and express feelings. Writing practice is natural.
(2) Use the topic and aim high.
The Preface to Lanting Collection is a poetry collection for feasting, and the author shows his view on life and death by prefacing it. He also criticized that there was a nihilistic tendency at that time and advocated metaphysics. Make this article ambitious and extraordinary.
Fourth, supplementary expansion.
1, supplementary explanation
( 1)? Life and death are also great? : "Zhuangzi". De chongfu:? Zhong Ni said? Life and death are also great, and cannot be changed with it; Although heaven and earth fall, they will not fall; The trial is not false, it does not move with things, and it is also a matter of keeping its Sect. ? Tao is the master of all things, and it will not change with external things (including human life and death).
(2)? Dead or alive? Qi Pengyi? Not Zhuangzi's exact words. Zhuangzi's original words are:? Give evil to know a husband, and the deceased will not regret it. Began in Qi Dynasty, was born in Peng Zu, the son of Mo Shou. ? (See Zhuangzi. Homogeneous object theory)
(3) origin? This article has? Think it's a waste of water Sentence. In ancient China, there was an elegant custom of singing poems while drinking. At the source of the river, the current is shallow and small, and only glass can float. Xunzi. Zidao:? The river in the past originated in Emei Mountain, and its origin can be traced back to its origin. ? Then use this metaphor to describe the beginning of things. For example, the ballads in Chu Ci can be regarded as the source of China's five-character poems.
2. Knowledge expansion
(1) East Bed? Wang Dao, a famous Eastern Jin Dynasty star, is Wang Xizhi's uncle. In Liu Yuxi's poem "Wuyi Xiang", it is said that the swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie 'an have now flown into the homes of ordinary people. ? Wang refers to Wang Dao's family. Book of Jin Biography of Wang Xizhi:? Jian asked his apprentice to ask his son-in-law (Wang Dao) to take him there, and the son-in-law ordered him to visit his children in the east wing. When his apprentice came back, his name was Chi Jian: Wang's several are all good. But when I heard the letter, I was salty and reserved. I was the only one eating in the East Bed, and I didn't smell it. ? Jian Yue:? That's the good husband. Ugh! ? Visiting it is also a good thing. So I married my wife. ? Then I called my son-in-law? East bed? , also called what? Open your stomach? .
(2) "Lanting Preface" post? Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, liked Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. I can't put it down after trying my best to get the preface to Lanting Collection, often? Watch it sooner or later? . During the ten years of Zhenguan, Feng Chengsu, Yu Shinan, Yan Suiliang and others were asked to copy and expand ten books as a reward for their recent ministers. After his death, his original works were brought into Zhaoling as funerary objects. So what we are seeing now is the first-class products of the Tang Dynasty. Feng Chengsu's copy is the most realistic and influential in the Tang Dynasty. Is the year number of Tang Zhongzong Li Xian printed on the front and back of the mail? Dragon? Half printed, so it's also called? Ryuben? .
(3) Read Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting after class and compare the similarities and differences between the two prefaces.