1. Literature appreciation is an aesthetic enjoyment activity with the help of images and feelings, which is always inseparable from the induction of artistic images and the stimulation of strong emotions.
When readers appreciate literary works, they are attracted and infected by the vivid artistic images in the works, so as to understand the realistic features of social life reflected by them, and then understand their essential significance, causing emotional reactions. Therefore, the emotional reflection caused by images is an important symbol of aesthetic enjoyment and an important feature of literary appreciation. For example, when people appreciate such works as Defending Yan 'an, Song of Youth, History of Entrepreneurship and Hongyan. They will especially like the epic struggle life and vivid revolutionary image in the works. Understand the history of revolutionary struggle in the past from the works, learn the revolutionary tradition and fighting spirit of our ancestors, cultivate our own sentiments and strengthen our revolutionary will. When reading Gorky's Mother, ostrovsky's How the Steel was Tempered, fadeev's Young Guards, and Fu Qike's Report under the gallows, the images of the hard-working life and the strong revolutionary soldiers tempered from the struggle displayed in the works have great educational and inspiring power for readers at any time. This emotional reaction is very strong. In a word, the emotional reflection of the appreciator is based on the image system of literary works and is driven by the emotion injected into the works by the writer.
Second, literary appreciation is an aesthetic cognitive activity with the unity of feeling and understanding. In the process of appreciation, thinking in images and abstract thinking go hand in hand.
Literary appreciation is not a simple representation of phenomena, but a profound understanding of the meaning of images. This kind of understanding is not an abstract understanding, but an image understanding, an understanding in the sense and an understanding in the aesthetic process. Literary appreciation is based on readers' specific feelings about artistic images in works, and readers' perceptual knowledge of works is of great significance in literary appreciation. This is because "our practice has proved that we can't understand what we feel immediately, and only what we understand can feel it more deeply." Only on the basis of correctly understanding the image of literary works can readers get deep feelings. For example, Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, read Tao Yuanming's poem Drinking and wrote: "Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely." Because picking chrysanthemums, you can see mountains and scenery, which is understandable. This sentence is the most beautiful. In recent years, the common saying is "looking at the South Mountain", so this article is boring. "The difference between hope and seeing is completely different in artistic conception. This is because what Tao Yuanming wants to express is his joy after his resignation, so using the word "see" to convey his carefree mood does have the effect of "understanding"; If the word "Wang" is changed to actively seek, it will not only destroy the artistic conception of the whole poem, but also be inconsistent with the moral integrity. Therefore, Su Shi's experience shows that he has a profound understanding of the artistic conception and personality of Tao poetry. When readers are still in the stage of fragmented, fragmented and superficial perceptual understanding of the artistic image in the works, it is impossible to have a comprehensive and profound feeling of the contents of the works. Only by concentrating those fragmentary, scattered and superficial impressions after careful consideration, and supplementing and enriching their own imagination, can readers have a more comprehensive and profound feeling of the images depicted in the works, achieve the organic unity of feeling and understanding, and thoroughly understand the meaning, and get the edification of thoughts and feelings and the pleasure of artistic appreciation.
Thirdly, literary appreciation is an artistic re-creation activity relying on imagination and association.
Artistic imagination plays a very important role in literary appreciation. Literary appreciation is inseparable from images, but it is not a simple reappearance of images, but a re-creation of images on the basis of the image system of works, through the imagination and association of the appreciator and the feeling and understanding of the appreciator. In art appreciation, if readers want to feel emotions, they have to rely on the concrete and vivid feelings endowed by images, as well as the following thinking activities such as imagination and association. Especially as a language art, because of the indirectness of its image, readers' appreciation of it needs the ability of image re-creation and image thinking more than that of plastic arts, performing arts and comprehensive arts. It requires readers to be good at imagining the artistic image and life realm created by the work through the medium of language, and then understand its ideological content. For example, readers who have not participated in the war can experience and appreciate literary works describing the war, not because they have many concepts about the war in their minds, but because the writer's image description provides concrete and sensible vivid materials, which can stimulate readers' imagination and association, so as to experience and understand the war life they have never experienced; Readers who have personally experienced the life of war often feel more intimate and experienced about the literary works with the theme of war, because they can feel, imagine and even enrich and supplement the description of war in their works with their own life experiences of war. If the reader is not good at positive imagination and association, or lacks the necessary feeling of life, then the beautiful literary image is of little significance to him. "The solitary sail has a blue sky, but the Yangtze River flows in the sky". "Zhumen wine stinks, and the road has frozen bones." "Qian Fan is on the side of the sunken ship, and Wan Muchun is in front of the sick tree" ... The artistic conception outlined by these well-known and vivid poems in Tang poetry may also be unremarkable in the eyes of readers with poor feelings and imagination. For another example, in the script, the characters' thoughts and feelings are mainly expressed through dramatic language, but because of the unique prescribed scenes in the play, the characters usually don't need to tell their thoughts and feelings completely. Sometimes he talks less and thinks more, sometimes he says one here and one there, and sometimes he says the opposite. If readers can't think positively according to the plot when enjoying the script, it is impossible to correctly feel and understand the thoughts and feelings of the characters and the content of the script. Such as "Thunderstorm" in the fourth act, Shi Ping learned that after the relationship between Sifeng and his drought-striken fields, he made such a sound with indignation:
"Oh, who knows who committed the crime and who committed the evil! They are all poor children and don't know what they are doing. God, if I have to be punished, I will be punished alone. They are my clean children and should live a good life.
I have sinned, and I should taste the pain alone. I asked them to go with me tonight. I know this sin, and I took it for them; If there is anything, let me bear it alone. "
Is this a condemnation of yourself? Is evil really caused by Shi Ping? Absolutely not. This is an indictment of blood and tears and a fierce attack on the feudal dark forces represented by Zhou Mansion. Both Shi Ping and his "poor children" were swallowed up by this evil society-this is the truth revealed by the artistic image in Thunderstorm. Therefore, it is impossible for readers to have a deep feeling of the artistic conception of the works and to discover and understand the meaning and charm of the works without relying on their own imagination and association and positive thinking in the image. While appreciating literary works, readers can repeatedly taste and think positively, so as to gain more feelings and deeper understanding. Of course, different readers may have different impressions and understandings of the image in the same work because of their differences in life experience, cultural accomplishment and personality characteristics. Mr. Lu Xun once said: When modern readers read A Dream of Red Mansions, for the character Lin Daiyu, "I'm afraid they will think of a slim and lonely modern girl with hair cut and an Indian silk blouse;" Or something else. " In short, it is "completely different" from Lin Daiyu in readers' minds 30 or 40 years ago. It is precisely because readers' imagination of the image of the work will inevitably be modified according to their own life experience in the process of appreciation, so the impression they get is often personal. So people think that "there are a thousand Hamlets for a thousand readers", which is reasonable. That is, the image reproduced in the viewer's mind has both the certainty and stipulation of the image in the work and the originality and novelty of the viewer.
Fourthly, literature appreciation is a comprehensive psychological inducing activity characterized by synaesthesia and singing.
In literary appreciation, due to the life and experience of the appreciator, the temporary connection of various sensory organs and the relationship between vision and hearing; Vision, hearing and touch, smell and taste can often interact and communicate with each other, thus arousing another or several sensory images that artistic images do not necessarily have. This "synaesthesia" phenomenon is unique in art appreciation. Another psychological activity in literary appreciation-* * * Ming is a complex and universal phenomenon. When reading literary works, the writer's thoughts and feelings expressed through the images of the works strongly touch the readers and cause a whirlpool of their thoughts and feelings. They love what the author loves and hate what the author hates; Rejoicing for the victory of the positive characters in the works and rejoicing for the collapse of the negative characters; Or sad for the failure of positive characters, indignant for the gains of negative characters, like joy rather than joy, like sadness rather than worry. They shed tears for Daiyu's burial of flowers and applauded Song Wu for beating tigers. Jean Valjean's fate aroused their deep concern and sympathy. What happened to Gerasim made people hate the evil serfdom. These are the outstanding features of synaesthesia and singing in literary appreciation activities.
It can be seen that literary appreciation is an image thinking activity accompanied by emotional activities, and the cognitive activity in literary appreciation is mainly a feeling experience, not a comment. But only by correctly understanding the image and meaning of literary works can we get a comprehensive and profound feeling. Therefore, literary appreciation is the organic unity of sensibility and rationality or feeling, experience, understanding and recognition.