Bookish, fragrant and aristocratic family
Su Shi, whose courtesy name was Zizhan, also called himself Dongpo Jushi. A native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan County, Sichuan). Born in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, on December 19, the third year of Renzong Jingyou's reign, at Mao Shi (six o'clock before noon), he was born into a scholarly family. His father, Su Xun, was a famous writer. He aspired to take the imperial examination, but his talent was not met. Su Shi spent his childhood in a private school in Taoist Temple. Su Shi studied in a private school in Tianqingguan for three years. Because Su Shi was talented since he was a child, his mother taught him the Book of the Later Han Dynasty when he was ten years old. He made rapid progress under his mother's guidance.
The second volume of the examination and the first chapter
In the first year of Renzong Jiayou (AD 1056), 21-year-old Su Dongpo and Su Che, accompanied by their father, rushed to the capital to take the imperial examination and became scholars in one fell swoop. And the first place. During the palace examination, he presented twenty-five pieces of advice, which won the heart of Emperor Renzong, and he was named a Hanlin bachelor.
Ouyang Xiu appreciated him very much and promoted him. Later, Su Shi and Su Che became Ouyang Xiu's disciples.
In April of the second year of Jiayou's reign, his mother Cheng passed away. The three fathers and sons of the Su family were in Beijing and hurriedly returned to their hometown to attend to the funeral.
In the fourth year of Jiayou's reign, the mourning period for his mother expired, and the father and son went to Kyoto again.
In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign, Su Shi and Su Che took the system examination on the recommendation of their mentor Ouyang Xiu. In this year, the examination for the virtuous, upright, and outspoken subjects was held. Su Shi was selected with third class and Su Che was selected with fourth class respectively.
The third volume takes office as Fengxiang
On November 19, the sixth year of Jiayou's reign, Su Shi took up the post of magistrate of Fengxiang Mansion, leaving his father and younger brother behind. Su Che sent him all the way to Kyoto Zheng Xinmen in the outer city said goodbye to his brother.
During his tenure, floods and droughts were dealt with very well. However, due to the tiring work and the fighting in the officialdom, Su Shi gradually felt extremely sad. Finally, in the winter of the second year of Emperor Yingzong's reign (1065), Fengxiang's term of office expired, and Su Shi couldn't wait to rush back to Kaifeng, the capital where his father and younger brother lived. Unexpectedly, his wife died the next year, and less than a year later, his father passed away. With a heavy heart, Su Shi took a boat to transport the coffins of his father and his wife back to his hometown of Meishan.
Volume 4
Wang Anshi's Reform
In the first year of Xining, Shenzong ascended the throne. Su Shi, who had expired in mourning for his father, left accompanied by his step-family Wang. hometown, and served as the supervisor of Gaoyuan in the second year.
At this time, Song Shenzong appointed Wang Anshi as prime minister to implement new laws in order to rebuild the national finances that were facing difficulties. Su Shi was marginalized because of his different political ideas. In the fourth year of Xining (AD 1071), the 36-year-old Su Shi was defeated and was forced to be transferred to Hangzhou (today's Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province). He couldn't help but feel a little sad and frustrated. After Su Shi finished his official duties, he would play around whenever he had free time to relieve his worries. I made many close friends and wrote many excellent poems. For example, the famous "Drinking on the Lake at First Sunny and Later Rain", "Drunken with Books at Wanghu Tower on June 27th", etc. Political setbacks prompted Dongpo to experience a richer life and open up a broader literary field.
In the seventh year of Xining (1074), Su Shi volunteered to be transferred to Mizhou (now Zhucheng County, Shandong Province) because it was close to Jinan where Su Che worked. He also wrote many well-known literary masterpieces in Mizhou, such as "Chao Ran Tai Ji", "Shui Diao Ge Tou - The Mid-Autumn Festival", "Jiang Chengzi - Hunting in Mizhou", etc. which have been passed down to the world.
Volume 5
The Wutai Poetry Case
Later Su Shi was transferred to Xuzhou (now Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province) and Huzhou (now Wuxing County, Zhejiang Province) ). In the second year of Shenzong Yuanfeng (1079 AD), one day in the third month after he moved to Huzhou, an imperial envoy, in order to please Wang Anshi, arrested Su Shi and brought him to Beijing. He accused him of slandering the imperial court and asked the emperor for an order. Judicial officials convicted him. Soon Su Shi was sent to prison. This became the famous "Wutai Poetry Case".
The case caused a sensation. In addition to people in Hu, Hangzhou and other places asking monks to chant sutras and pray for him, many officials who appreciated him sacrificed their lives to save him. In addition, Shenzong originally loved his literature, and the sick Empress Dowager Cao was He interceded, and in the end he was only convicted of "making fun of political affairs." Later, with the emperor's favor, he was sentenced to exile in Huangzhou and escaped death.
Volume 6
Exiled to Huangzhou
In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080 AD), Su Shi was demoted to the deputy envoy of the regiment training in Huangzhou. State, food, clothing, housing and transportation are all problems. Later, he relied on his own efforts to open up wasteland and cultivate land. Find joy in ordinary life, and be determined to move forward on the bumpy road of life with optimism. A year later, Su Shi built a study next to Dongpo and named it "Dongpo Snow Hall". From then on, he called himself "Dongpo Lay Scholar". The article has expanded both in thought and subject matter. Such as "Ode to the Former Chibi", "Nian Nujiao - Chibi Nostalgia", "Ode to the Later Chibi", etc. At this time, Su Shi had reached a very high level in literary and artistic attainments!
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Shenzong ordered Su Shi to leave Huangzhou and be appointed deputy envoy of Tuanlian in Ruzhou (now Runan County, Henan Province). I met Wang Anshi during the trip. Although the two had different political profiles, they had a very congenial conversation. Wang Anshi spoke highly of him.
Volume 7
Yuanyou changed
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi restored his reputation and was appointed governor of Dengzhou (now Penglai County, Shandong Province) , less than ten days later, he was called by the imperial court to serve as a doctor in the Ministry of Rites. In December, he was transferred back to Kaifeng, Kyoto, and served as a living room attendant.
In March of the eighth year of Yuanfeng (AD 1085), Shenzong died, and 10-year-old Zhezong ascended the throne and abolished the new laws one by one. The new legalists were ostracized. Former important ministers returned to power. Historians call it "Yuanyou Genghua".
In the first year of Yuanyou (1086), Su Shi was promoted to Zhongshusheren, Hanlin bachelor, Zhizhigao, and concurrently served as an attendant. But at this time, Su Shi had no interest in being an official. His understanding of Wang Anshi and the New Law made him have reservations about the New Law. Conservatives said that he was Wang Anshi's New Law School. The New Law School did not regard him as one of their own, so Dongpo became a figure in the cracks. .
In the fourth year of Yuanyou's reign, Su Shi got rid of the factional disputes and asked to be transferred to the post of governor of Hangzhou. Su Shi built the West Lake Su Embankment during his tenure as governor.
In the sixth year of Yuanyou's reign, he was called to serve as a Hanlin scholar and concurrently as an attendant. However, he was rejected and within a few months he was transferred to the governor of Yingzhou (now Fuyang City, Anhui Province). After leaving the imperial court, he was transferred to the post of governor of Yangzhou (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province) the following year.
In September of the seventh year of Yuanyou (AD 1092), Su Shi was recalled to the court and served as Minister of War. In November, he was promoted to Minister of Rites, which was Su Shi's highest political position.
Volume 8: Traveling Thousands of Miles to the South
After being promoted to a high position, he received more and more attacks from the party. The unhappy Su Shi requested to be transferred to Jiangnan, but was not approved. The stepmother Wang passed away again.
In September of the eighth year of Yuanyou, he was appointed governor of Dingzhou (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province). In the same month, the Empress Dowager Gao passed away. "Yuanyou Genghua" has come to an end. At the age of 18, Zhezong began to take charge of the government and re-implemented the new law.
In April of the first year of Shaosheng (AD 1094), the 59-year-old Su Shi was accused of defaming the imperial court and was demoted to the governor of Yingzhou (Yingde County, Guangdong Province) outside the mountains. In June, he was on his way to be transferred to Yingzhou ( He hasn't arrived yet!) and was ordered to be exiled to Huizhou (today's Huizhou City, Guangdong Province). During his two years in Huizhou, Su Shi lived in poverty. Sometimes he didn't even have rice to make wine, and he had to grow his own vegetables. But Su Shi had long been accustomed to suffering in his life; he was at peace with it all, and his sleep was still so sweet. The traitor in the imperial court still refused to give up, and Su Shi was exiled to Danzhou, which has been said to be the end of the world since ancient times. In Danzhou, Su Shi was impoverished. While he was studying, he read his favorite Liu Shi and Tao Shi (he only brought these two books), composed poems for his own entertainment, and made friends with common people. Although his life was miserable, it was profound. Su Shi, who was unique and connotative, was still detached, free and happy.
The final volume
The everlasting heart of a poet
In the first month of the third year of Yuanfu (1100 AD), Zhezong died and Huizong ascended the throne. In May, Su Shi was pardoned from exile overseas. At this time, nine members of Su Shi's family died! However, by this time, Su Shi had already fallen ill due to the hard work of the journey.
In June of the first year of Jingguo's reign (AD 1101), Su Shi was ill in Changzhou (Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province) and submitted a memorial to become an official. On July 28, Su Shi passed away.
In the past 66 years, Su Shi may have had many ups and downs, or his life may have been difficult, but Su Shi never became discouraged and continued to live strong. The most rare thing is that he always has the gentle and delicate heart of a poet.
Su Shi’s Niu Xiaozi article/Polygonium Beach Blue Waves
——Su Shi’s elegance and broad-mindedness
1. Su Shi the person
Su Shi (1036-1101), courtesy name Zizhan and Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Sichuan).
Su Shi was a great writer in my country's Northern Song Dynasty. He was an outstanding writer with many talents and achievements in literature and art.
He was born in a well-educated family. His father, Su Xun, was a famous essayist. He was good at strategy and theory, and his writing style was unbridled and unbridled, which had a clear influence on Su Shi. On the one hand, Su Shi's outstanding achievements in prose, poetry, painting and so on relied on his own diligence. On the other hand, Su Xun had a profound influence on him.
Su Shi was listed as one of the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties due to his prose achievements, and was further listed as one of the "Four Great Masters of Han, Liu, Ou, and Su"; his poems were respected as "the model of Song poetry"; his lyrics , known as "legislating for Ci", is recognized as the representative and founder of the bold school; in painting, he, Mi Pei and Li Longmian, are also known as the four masters of the Song Dynasty. He is good at painting ink and bamboo. In fact, his calligraphy also has a unique Achievements.
Su Shi experienced ups and downs in his life. He became a Jinshi at the age of twenty. After that, he had a troubled official career and went through a tortuous and dangerous life path. Su Shi was really a poet who went through hardships and completed himself.
Su Shi's life coincided with the struggle between Wang Anshi's new reform party and Sima Guang's old party. Because he insisted on justice, he was caught between the two forces and suffered repeated relegations and hardships. The footprints visited 20 places: Sichuan-Kaifeng-Fengxiang-Jingcheng-Hangzhou-Mizhou-Xuzhou-Huzhou-Huangzhou-Changzhou-Dengzhou-Jingcheng-Hangzhou-Yingzhou-Xuanzhou-Huizhou-Danzhou, etc.
Although Su Shi walked through an extremely tortuous and arduous life path, he never became depressed and despaired. Instead, he completed himself through all the hardships and achieved a true transcendence. Any setbacks and misfortunes will not affect him. You cannot break him mentally or defeat him.
In the rough situation, Su Shi was Su Shi. He got rid of the mental anguish and depression and finally achieved something in his career. Wherever he went, he actively did practical things for the people. There is "political voice" left. In Fengxiang, he was called: "Su Xianneng"; in Hangzhou, he dredged the West Lake and built Sudi; in Hainan, he also built hospitals, schools, etc. In terms of cultural creation, his best poems were all written in disparagement; in terms of life, he was able to maintain close contact with the masses wherever he went, and was deeply loved by the local people. Su Shi had a great influence on the people. Dongpo scarves, Dongpo hats, Dongpo fans, Dongpo wine, etc. were either fashionable for a while or have been passed down to this day. This shows that Su Shi had great influence among the people.
Su Shi left a lot of legacy. In addition to the "Sansu Temple" in Meishan, Sichuan, there are hundreds of relics about Su Shi across the country. There is an inscription written by Zhu De in Sansu Temple:
Three fathers and sons from the same school, all are great writers.
Poems and poems have been passed down through the ages, and Emei has the highest reputation.
2. The reasons for the formation of Su Shi’s broad-minded character
Due to the influence of Confucianism, ancient scholars all hoped to make a difference and make contributions. The so-called "a real man should take the world as his own responsibility", " If you are poor, you will be good for yourself; if you are rich, you will be good for the world." When this ideal cannot be realized or encounters setbacks, there will be the following manifestations: 1. Martyrdom. That is, sacrificing one's ideals with one's life, just like Qu Yuan sinking into the Miluo River. 2. Complain. That is to express the resentment of poverty, sorrow and unrecognized talents in poems.
Most of Tao Yuanming's poems contain laments about poverty, illness and sorrow, as well as complaints about his depressed career. Even Li Bai's boldness can not help but lead to decadence; Du Fu cares about the national economy and people's livelihood, but cannot realize his ambitions, and often expresses frustration and sadness. For example, in "Deng Gao", "There are no relatives or friends, old and sick, there is a lonely boat"; Chen Zi'ang's "Thinking of the tranquility of the world, I shed tears alone with sadness"; Li Bai's "Life is not satisfactory in the world, and the Ming Dynasty spreads and flattens the boat" and so on.
But by Su Shi's time, he had completely developed a style of poetry that was bold, natural, elegant and open-minded. He was full of understanding of the rich and poor in life, and showed a kind of "success is gratifying, and failure can also make a difference." "The mind. This should be a new expansion of the realm of life, reflecting a great step forward in human wisdom.
How did Su Shi reach this state? I think this has something to do with the two personalities Su Shi had in his youth.
When Su Shi was studying as a boy, he was able to integrate the best character and cultivation of Confucianism and Taoism into his own cultivation. This is very worthy of our attention. On the one hand, he has had a firm Confucian ambition to use the world since he was a child, that is, the idea that "a real man should take the world as his own responsibility." "History of the Song Dynasty·Biography of Su Shi" has this description: When Su Shi was young, his mother Cheng taught him the Han Dynasty "Biography of Fan Dan". Fan Dan was a loyal minister who was persecuted during the party strife in the Eastern Han Dynasty. When he was appointed as the Qing Dynasty envoy, he had the ambition to clarify the world. When he was persecuted later, he refused to live an ignoble life and would rather give his life, just like Tan Sitong who said, "I will smile to the sky with my sword across my sword, leaving my liver and gallbladder intact." When she said goodbye to her mother, she said: "I am unfilial as a child and have failed to repay my parents for their kindness in raising me." Fan's mother said: "A person wants to be famous and also wants to be rich and live a long life. How can he have both? Mother wants you to complete it. Ideal." When he read this, little Su Shi vowed to be a fan when he grew up. Su's mother said: "You can be a model, can't I be a model's mother?"
Su Shi's life was neither a new party nor an old one. No matter what kind of political persecution he suffered, as long as he returned to the court, he still adhered to his ideals, did not blindly follow any faction, and was unwilling to follow the crowd. Therefore, he suffered so much relegation, but his aspirations, ideals, and conduct have always been consistent. At critical moments, he can't help but tell the truth. In his words, "It's like a fly in your mouth, and you won't be happy until you spit it out."
Su Shi was also deeply influenced by Zhuangzi’s thoughts when he was a boy. He has been fond of "Zhuangzi" since he was a child. "Zhuangzi·Xiaoyaoyou" has such a metaphor: "On the mountain of Miaogushe, there are gods and men, whose skin is like ice and snow, and as graceful as a virgin. It soaks in the sky without drowning, there is a drought, and the earth and mountains are scorched but not hot." ." This metaphor describes a very high level of cultivation. It is said that on the mountain of Jiaugushe, there is a real person who has achieved Taoism. His skin is as white as ice and snow, and his posture is as beautiful as a virgin. He will not be drowned by floods, and will not be hurt by severe droughts that melt gold and stone and scorch the earth and mountains. ——This actually expresses Taoism’s spiritual self-preservation ethics. In addition, "Zhuangzi: The Master of Health Preservation" also tells the story of a butcher's knife cutting off an ox: "My sword has been used for nearly nineteen years, and thousands of oxen have been cut off, and the blade is as new as when it was made in Zhong." This is about A question of cultivation. There is also such a story in "Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoyou": "There is a fish in the North Ming Dynasty, and its name is Kun. The Kun is so big that it cannot be thousands of miles away; it turns into a bird, and its name is Peng. The back of the Peng is like a bird. I don’t know how many miles it is; it flies in anger, its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. It is a bird that will migrate to the east of Nanming. This is such a high, unfettered, far-reaching and broad-minded thing. "Zhuangzi" also tells many stories about his cultivation and imagination. When Su Shi was reading "Zhuangzi" when he was a child, he said: "I saw something in the past that I could not describe, but now I see this book and it has won my heart.
"(History of the Song Dynasty·Su Shi's Biography) He said that he used to have some inner insights that he could not express. Now he is reading "Zhuangzi" and found that "Zhuangzi" just said what he was thinking. This is very wonderful. It shows that Su As Buddhists say, Zi has the root of wisdom since he was a child, and Taoists say that he has early enlightenment. Su Shi was able to integrate the best qualities and cultivation of Confucianism and Taoism into his own cultivation when he was studying at a young age. An important factor in Su Shi's success.
Through the previous analysis, we will have a deeper understanding of Su Shi's two attitudes toward life:
Su Shi's two attitudes towards life: He He adopts a detached and open-minded attitude towards his own sufferings and setbacks, as he himself said: "Advances and retreats lead to losses, even if they have been together for a long time, they are all insignificant. "But his loyalty and love for the country and the people has always been persistent and has not changed. So as long as he returns to the court, he should say the honest words and still say them. After many dangers and tribulations, he is still so loyal and upright. And when he was demoted, he tried his best to do practical things for the people. He was called "Su Xianneng" by the people in Fengxiang. He rescued droughts in Mi, floods in Xuzhou, built the West Lake and hospitals in Hangzhou, built bridges in Huizhou, and built bridges in Danzhou. Hospitals and schools strive to do practical things for the people, and they have excellent political voices wherever they go. Suffering has created Su Shi's great personality.
3. Su Shi's poems
Speaking of. Not talking about Su Shi's poems is like arriving in Hangzhou and not seeing the West Lake.
(1) Su Shi's poems
Su Shi's literary creation has the largest number of extant poems. Among them, the works with the largest number and the highest artistic value are poems that express personal emotions and sing about natural scenery.
Su Shi's poems about natural scenery can often describe ordinary scenery in a vivid and interesting way. Or rational interest. In poems such as "Evening View of the Spring River in Huichong" and "Drinking on the Lake after the First Sunny Rain", the scenes of lakes and mountains, graceful rain and early spring in the south of the Yangtze River are all wonderful and full of leisurely emotions. "Inscribed on the Silin Wall" is a question with profound philosophical meaning caused by looking at the mountain. It warns people: due to different viewpoints and different starting points for difficult issues, the understanding of objective things will inevitably be one-sided, and it is necessary to have a correct understanding of things. A comprehensive understanding requires transcending one's own narrow scope and getting rid of personal biases. It also enlightens people to think about the relationship between whole and part, macro and micro, analysis and synthesis in the process of understanding complex things. In the process of exploring the truth, the warning of "the authorities are confused, the onlookers are clear". This fascinating scenery in Su Shi's poems is integrated with the thought-provoking poetry and thought-provoking, which is the so-called "reasonable interest" of Song poetry.
Reflecting social reality and caring about people's livelihood are another main content of Su Shi's poems. Su Shi was a poet who was interested in managing the world and benefiting the people. He came from a humble background and was repeatedly demoted after becoming an official. This motivated him to write such poems. Poems such as "Wuzhong Tian Women's Lament" are reflections of this spirit.
Su Shi also often used historical themes to expose the shortcomings of real politics. "Lychee Lament" is a masterpiece of this kind of poem. . It shows the poet's spirit of daring to fight.
Su Shi can write poems about everything. Prose style and argumentation are the characteristics of Su Shi. He can appropriately dye various themes and blend them with each other. , nothing is unsatisfactory.
Su Shi’s prose, together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu, is said to be “Han is like the tide, Liu is like the spring. "Ou Ruhan, Su Ruhai" metaphor.
Su Shi's essays include memorials, suggestions, economic explanations, miscellaneous remarks, etc., the most important of which are historical essays and political essays. One of the representative articles is "Jiao Zhan" "Shou Ce" is an article about being prepared for danger in times of peace and teaching the people to prepare for war. The author proposed war and defense strategies based on the current situation of Gou'an in the Northern Song Dynasty, which was very relevant to the current situation.
Su Shi's narratives include inscriptions on stele, landscape travel notes and pavilions. Although there are not many in number, they have the highest artistic value and the most originality among Su Wen. Representative works include "The Biography of Fang Shanzi" and "Shu Liu Ting Shi Shi". This is an article with the nature of scientific investigation. It is organized to explore the reason why Shizhong Mountain got its name. It aims to explain: "Is it okay to make assumptions about the existence of something without seeing it with the eyes and ears?" "
Essays also occupy an important position in Su Shi's prose. They are large in number and have high artistic achievements. They include essays, prefaces and postscripts, letters, miscellaneous works, etc. Most of these articles are picked up casually and written in writing. Written, it shows the author's ambition and personality, and is full of charm and interest.
Among Su Shi's poems, "Chibi Fu" is the most famous. "On a moonlit autumn night, I went boating on Red Cliff with my friends. In the water and moonlight, I used the scenery to express my feelings and explore the philosophy of life and the universe. Although there are certain negative emotions, it mainly expresses a detached attitude towards life and optimistic feelings. The author of "Hou Chibi Fu" climbed up to look at things under the moonlight in the east night, showing his freedom and detachment from the depression of the breeze and the bright moon. The language of the two poems is parallel and scattered, the sound and rhyme are sonorous and harmonious, and the questions and answers between the guests and the guests are natural. A masterpiece of Song Dynasty poetry.
(2) Su Shi’s Ci
Su Shi’s Ci has a special status in the history of Chinese Ci. There were new breakthroughs in all aspects. He extended the results of the Northern Song Dynasty's poetry innovation movement to the field of Ci and created a new stage of Ci creation.
Su Shi’s contribution to Ci first lies in improving his understanding and evaluation of Ci. He broke the artificial boundaries between poems and promoted them to become truly independent lyric poems.
In terms of subject matter and content, Su Shi led the poet's vision from the traditional "flower room" and "respecting the front" to human society, and even won the evaluation of "no intention can be entered, and nothing can be said" . Among the many themes of Su Ci, lyrical poetry, poetry about things and pastoral poetry have the highest achievements.
As far as lyrical poetry is concerned, in addition to the traditional romance and tenderness, Su Shi boldly pioneered and gradually transformed the lyrics into a tool for literati to express their aspirations and emotions. He uses words to express himself and directly express his feelings about politics, patriotism, nostalgia, and even general human ethics. For example, "Qinyuan Chun" (Guguan Dengqing) expresses the political ambition of "dedicated to the kings, Yao and Shun" and "use and give up according to the time". "Jiangchengzi" (I talk about being a teenager) describes the grand hunting scene in Mizhou and expresses his patriotic feelings. Among them is another poem mourning the death of Wang Fu, the beloved wife of the fourth grandmother. That is, "In ten years, life and death are boundless...", using dreams to express the sorrow, sincere feelings, and heartbreak.
There are more than 30 poems about things, and their art is exquisite. They not only emphasize the description of physical similarity, but also the description of spiritual similarity. They can not only write the image of the object, but also express their sustenance. Such as "Water Dragon Song" (like a flower but not like a flower).
Su Shi’s pastoral poetry is a breakthrough in the theme of Song poetry. The five poems "Huanxisha" composed by him in Xuzhou describe the rural scenery, farmers' images, working life and rural folk customs, like a fresh and beautiful pastoral song.
In terms of Ci style, Su Shi can be said to have created a bold and unrestrained artistic conception. The most representative one is "Niannujiao" (The great rivers go eastward, and the waves are gone). The poet uses his pen as fast as a rafter to describe the majestic scenery of the mountains and rivers. He also uses infinite time and space to praise the great achievements of ancient heroes and lament that his talents are not appreciated. The emotions are heroic yet melancholy.
Su Shi also created Kuangda Ci. The so-called broad-mindedness refers to a creative personality that is open-minded, uninhibited, unrestrained and unrestrained, and optimistic and cheerful. Broad-mindedness is Su Shi's character trait. There are many broad-minded words in Su's poetry, so broad-mindedness can be called the main style of Su's poetry. Such as "Shui Tiao Ge Tou" (When will the bright moon appear). This word chants the moon throughout the poem, but it is related to human affairs everywhere. The poet seems to be talking to the moon, exploring the meaning of life, and finally finds comfort in nature, gets rid of the troubles of life, and achieves broad-mindedness. Another such word is "Ding Feng Bo" (don't listen to the sound of beating leaves through the forest).
Su Shi also created many excellent traditional graceful poems. Such as "Water Dragon Song" (looks like a flower but not a flower), "Butterfly Loves the Flower" (the flowers have faded to red, green and apricots), etc.
Su Shi also made innovations in language and music. The language of Su's Ci is fresh, simple, concise and smooth. It is not as slang as Liu's Ci, and it does not have the powdery atmosphere of Huajian's Ci. In terms of lyrics and tone, he introduced many generous and bold tunes. Such as "Qin Yuan Chun", "Yong Yu Le", "Shui Tiao Ge Tou", "Congratulations to the Bridegroom", etc.
In short, Su Shi finally became a literary giant with Su Shi's attitude!
Su Shi's anecdotes
In the ten years since Fan Pangzhi was born, his father Xun traveled widely and his mother, Cheng, personally taught him books. When Mrs. Cheng read the "Biography of Fan Pang" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, she was very moved. Shi asked: "If Shi becomes Pang, will his mother agree to it?" Mr. Cheng said: "You can be Pang, but I can't be Pang's mother?" ( "History of the Song Dynasty·Biography of Su Shi")
In the second year of Jiayou's reign, Ou Gong Wenjing took an examination of the Ministry of Etiquette. At that time, Wen Zhe was in a strange situation, and Ouyang Xiusi, the chief minister, was able to save him. He was surprised by Shi's "On Punishment and Rewards, Honesty and Honesty". He wanted to promote him to the top, but he was hesitant about what his guest Zeng Gong had done, but he ranked second and returned. He ranked first in the discussion of "Spring and Autumn". He passed the B subject in the imperial examination. ("History of the Song Dynasty·Biography of Su Shi")
Why should the source Dongpo's "On the Perfection of Punishment and Rewards" use "Gao Tao said 'kill three', Yao said 'forgive three'." Mei Sheng Yu was appointed as a junior examiner to show off to Mr. Ou, who said, "What book does this come from?" Sheng Yu said, "Why does it need a source?" When he uncovered the list and saw Dongpo's name, Mr. Ou said, "This man must have some evidence." "After paying homage and thanking him, Dongpo asked him the first question, and Dongpo also replied: "Why do you need a source?" This is consistent with Sheng Yu's words. The public appreciates his heroic spirit. ("Compilation of Anecdotes from the Song Dynasty")
The Ming Dynasty Juzi (Dongpo) was summoned to the capital when he first went to the imperial examination. At that time, there were many people who were summoned to take the examination. Prime Minister Han Wei Gong said to the guest: "The two Su are here, and everyone dares to try with them. Why?" Since this saying was spread, eighty-nine out of ten people left without trying. ("Compilation of Anecdotes from the Song Dynasty")
The veteran Dongpo was in Yutang. One day, he read Du Mu's "A Fang Palace Fu" several times. Every time he read it thoroughly, he sighed. Still sleepless at night. There are two veterans who are both from Shaanxi. They have to work around and sit for a long time, which is very painful. One person sighed loudly and said: "Knowing him is so beneficial. It's so cold at night that I don't want to sleep." He complained bitterly, and one of them said: "There are two good sentences." The other person said angrily: "What do you understand? At the end?" He said to him, "I love him. People in the world dare not say anything but dare to get angry. "I will tell you tomorrow when I lie down." Dongpo laughed and said, "This man also has discernment." "("Compilation of Anecdotes from the Song Dynasty")
First of all, I asked Dongpo about the method of composition. Po said: "For example, if I plant things in the city and want to use them, there is one thing, and I say Money, when I get money, everything will be used. If I write with intention first, then all the scriptures and history will be used for me.
"("Compilation of Anecdotes from the Song Dynasty")
Pleasant Things in Life Dongpo once said: "A certain person had no pleasant things in his life, but only wrote articles. I say that there is no more happiness in the world than this. "("Compilation of Anecdotes from the Song Dynasty")
Huang Luzhi joked with Dongpo and said: "In the past, Youjun's letters were exchanged for geese. Recently, Han Zong was a glutton for Confucianism. Every time he got a public post, he would put it in the palace. The handsome Yao Lin family exchanged several kilograms of mutton, so the official letter was called the sheep exchange letter. "The Duke was in Hanyuan. One day, Confucianism sent a letter to each other, with pictures and books. The visitor was very anxious to ask for it, so the Duke laughed and said: "I have told the official that the slaughter will be carried out today. "("Compilation of Anecdotes from Song Dynasty")
Answer: A netizen without an online name - Born with the seventh grade of Jinshi 9-28 21:18
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Su Dongpo, also known as Su Shi (1037-1101 AD), named Zizhan and nicknamed Dong Po Jushi, a native of Meishan, Sichuan, was known as "San Su" together with his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe. He was proficient in classics and history when he was young. He became a Jinshi in the second year of Emperor Renzong's reign in the Song Dynasty (AD 1057). He was highly praised by Ouyang Xiu and became famous in the capital. . However, in the fierce political reform movement and the old and new party struggles in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was repeatedly demoted to Huangzhou, Huizhou, and Danzhou, and finally died of illness in Changzhou.
Su Dongpo left behind 2,700 people. With multiple poems, more than 300 poems, and numerous volumes of prose, he is one of the writers with the largest number of works and the best quality. He also has made extremely rich achievements in calligraphy, painting, diet, medicine, and Zen.
Answer: Mr. Yang - Magic Apprentice Level 1 9-30 00:08
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Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Zizhan, also known as Hezhong, was born in Meishan, Sichuan. He was a famous politician, writer, poet, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties"
Su Shi experienced the five dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, Zhezong and Huizong in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Xining reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi implemented new laws in the hope of changing the situation of poverty and weakness in the Song Dynasty. "Haste makes waste", and suggested that Emperor Shenzong's special policy should not "seek governance too quickly, recruit people too much, and promote opinions too widely." Because these opinions and suggestions were opposed by the reformists
Su Shi was dismissed. He was forced to transfer abroad, first to the magistrate of Hangzhou, and later to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. When he was an official, he paid attention to understanding the people's conditions and cared about the people's production and life. He was supported by the people wherever he went. and love.
Su Shi was the leader of the ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. His major contribution is that together with Ouyang Xiu, he established a stable and mature prose style. Known as "Ou Su". His poems are fresh and natural, come from the beginning, seem to be picked at hand, are both solemn and humorous, clever and clumsy, with broad themes, rich content, and diverse styles. They are a symbol of the maturity of Song poetry: <
Su Shi was based on Confucianism, and he was able to draw on the strengths of Buddhism and Taoism. He followed Confucianism without being stubborn, loved Taoism without being worldly, and practiced Zen without being sycophantic. Don't be arrogant and enjoy yourself when things are going well, and be able to be content with the situation in times of adversity. Use an optimistic, free and easy attitude to persist in the pursuit of life and beautiful things.
Therefore, Su Shi was able to realize the transformation from real life to artistic life, turning his bumpy situation into a life full of artistic aesthetic taste, which was reflected in his rich and colorful literary and artistic creations.
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037-1101), courtesy name Zizhan and Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan, Sichuan. He was an outstanding writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Che is also known as the "Three Sus". Su Shi became a Jinshi at the age of 21. During the Shenzong period, he served in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was framed for the "Wutai Poetry Case" and was demoted to Huangzhou as deputy envoy of Tuanlian. In Huangzhou for more than four years, he opened up wasteland and farmed on the east slope of the city, so he called himself "Dongpo Jushi". . After Zhezong came to the throne, he served as a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, a bachelor of attendance, and a minister of the Ministry of Rites. He also went to Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou. Amnesty returned to the north. He died of illness in Changzhou on the way and was buried in Jiaxian County, Henan Province. He was posthumously named Wenzhong Gong.
During his tenure as local governor, Su Shi cared about the sufferings of the people, did many good things to benefit the people, and was deeply supported by the people. Su Shi was an erudite and talented essayist. He was one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. His literary works marked the highest achievement of literary creation in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Shi was a famous poet. He and the famous poet Huang Tingjian of the Song Dynasty were also called "Su Huang". Su Shi As an outstanding poet, he pioneered a bold style of poetry. Together with the outstanding poet Xin Qiji, he was called "Su Xin" and had a great influence on later generations; Su Shi is a famous calligrapher. He, together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, Cai Xiang is also known as the "Four Artists of the Song Dynasty"; Su Shi is also a famous painter. In addition, important achievements have been made in farmland water conservancy, education, music, medicine, mathematics, epigraphy, aesthetics, cooking, etc.
Su Shi (1037-1101)
Zi Zhan, also known as Dongpo Jushi, was born in Meishan (now Meishan County, Sichuan). He was an outstanding poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He opposed Wang Anshi's more radical reform measures and disagreed with Sima Guang's abolition of new laws. Therefore, he was ostracized by both the old and new parties, and his official career was very bumpy. He was a third-year student of Jingyou, Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in the second year of Jiayou's reign. He was a bachelor of Duanming Palace, a bachelor of Hanlin Academy, and a minister of the Ministry of Rites.