Bai Juyi
Gushan Temple is located in the north and west of Jiating, with flat terrain and low cloud feet.
Several early warblers compete for warm trees, and their new swallows peck at the soil in spring.
Spending money is becoming more and more attractive, and shallow grass can throw a horseshoe.
I love the lack of eastward travel of the lake and the white sand embankment under the shadow of Populus davidiana.
Word annotation
1. Gushan Temple: Built in the early years of Chen Wendi in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (560 ~ 566), it was renamed Guanghua in the Song Dynasty. Gushan: It is between the inner lake and the outer lake of the West Lake, so it is called Gushan because it is not connected with other mountains. There is an isolated mountain pavilion overlooking the whole West Lake.
2. Jiating: also known as Jiagong Pavilion, one of the scenic spots of the West Lake, was built by Jia Quan in the Tang Dynasty. In the Zhenyuan period of Tang Dynasty (785-804 AD), Jia Quan became the secretariat of Hangzhou and built a pavilion in Qiantang Cave. He was called Jia Ting or Jia Gong Ting, which lasted until the late Tang Dynasty.
3. Initial leveling of the water surface: In spring, the lake rises at the beginning, and the water surface has just leveled the shore of the lake. Chuping: used as an adverb in ancient Chinese, it is often used to indicate time and just now.
4. Low cloud foot: refers to the cloud hanging low, which seems to be connected with the lake. Point out the starting point and path of spring outing and try to describe the scenery of the lake. Cloud foot: cloud gas near the ground, which is more common when it rains or stops raining. The original meaning of "foot" refers to the organs that people and animals walk. This refers to low clouds.
5. Early spring warbler: an oriole coming in early spring. Warbler: A sweet-sounding oriole.
6. Fight for warm trees: Fight for flying to the sunny branches. Warm tree: a sunny tree.
7. Xinyan: A swallow just flew back from the south.
8. Here. Swallows nest with mud in their mouths. When you look up in spring, you can see birds singing and dancing, which is full of vitality. Focus on birds.
9. Miscellaneous flowers: countless flowers. Gradually: adverb, gradually. Desire: adverb, will, will. Charming eyes: dazzling. 10. Shallow grass: Spring grass that just grows out of the ground and is not too high. Talent: Just right. No: yes, yes. There are countless things to see in spring outing.
1 1. Hudong: Take Gushan as a reference. Shortcomings: Never tired of traveling.
12. Zu: Satisfy
13. Yin: It is the same as "Yin" and refers to tree shade.
14. Baisha dike: Today's Bai Causeway, also known as sand dike and broken bridge dike, existed on the east bank of West Lake before the Tang Dynasty. The Bai Causeway built by Bai Juyi when he was in charge of the secretariat of Hangzhou is another one. The poet walks around the lake from north to west and from south to east. The poem ends with Qingyang and Bai Causeway in the east of the lake, and expresses deep affection with "favorite".
From the north of Gushan Temple to Jiating West, the spring water on the lake is just parallel to the river bank, and the cloud gas hovers low on the water surface.
A few early orioles scrambled to fly to the warm tree in the rising sun, and I don't know who has a swallow who just returned from the south.
A new nest is being built with spring soil in its mouth.
Countless spring flowers gradually attracted people's attention, and the shallow spring grass just covered the horseshoe.
I like the beautiful scenery east of the West Lake best, but I am never satisfied with it. Qingyang White Sand Embankment in under the greenwood tree.
The whole poem takes the word "you" as a clue, starting from Gushan Temple and ending in Baisha Land. Focusing on the word "spring", this paper writes the joy that the beautiful scenery in early spring brings to tourists. Especially in the middle four sentences, there are people in the scenery and people in the scenery. It describes the feeling of natural beauty. If "shallow grass can live without horseshoes" instead of green grass, it is unconventional and innovative. There is no trace of the transition in the middle, and the connection is very natural. It not only depicts the charming spring scenery of the West Lake and the vitality of all things in the world under the bathing of spring scenery, but also makes the poet intoxicated by this beautiful scenery, making people deeply infected and moved by the author's enthusiasm for spring and life while enjoying the intoxicating scenery of the West Lake.
The first sentence of the poem is the place, and the second sentence is the prospect. The lonely mountain is located between the back lake and the outer lake of the West Lake. There is a beautiful temple on the mountain. Jia Ting, also known as Jia Gongting, was recorded in Zhenyuan six years, when Jia Quan was appointed as a historian in Hangzhou. From 780 to 805 AD, when Bai Juyi wrote this poem, his pavilion was still there and it was also a scenic spot in the West Lake. Bai Juyi first came to the north of Gushan Temple and the west bank of Jiagongting. Looking around, I saw spring water rippling, white clouds drooping and lakes and mountains panoramic view. Chuping expresses Bai Juyi's unique feelings about the West Lake in spring. Because of continuity. It seems that the line of sight will be level with the line of sight. This feeling that the water surface is flush with the line of sight can only be felt by people facing the vast waters, and it is also a feeling that can only be written by people who have a deep understanding and love for the West Lake. At this moment, the calm water at the foot and the low-hanging cloud curtain in the sky constitute a quiet ink painting of the West Lake. When the poet was silently staring at the charm of the West Lake, which was as quiet as a virgin, there were ringing birds singing in his ears, which broke his meditation, so he looked away.
A Spring Tour in Qiantang vividly depicts the beautiful scenery the poet saw when he strolled the West Lake in early spring. This is a hymn to the beauty of the West Lake in spring. The first sentence of the poem is always about the lake, and the first sentence points out the location of Qiantang Lake and the "uneven view of the building" around it. The use of two place names also gives readers a sense of movement, indicating that the poet is walking and watching. The second sentence is written in front of the lake: the white clouds in the air are connected with the rippling water waves on the lake, which is a typical water state of Jiangnan Spring Lake. The couplets are about birds, songbirds singing and swallows dancing, showing the vitality of spring. Both orioles and swallows are messengers of spring, and orioles spread the good news of spring back to the earth to the world with their smooth songs. Swallows wear flowers and paste water, build nests with mud, and inspire people to start working in spring and write about the vitality of early spring. The word "several places" summarizes Ying Ge's different reactions and the poet's mode of seeking sound from left to right. The question of "whose home" also shows the poet's delicate psychological activities, which makes readers have rich associations. The necklace says the flowers and plants they saw. Because it's early spring, it's not in full bloom yet. In the west, the word "chaos" is used to describe flowers. Spring grass does not grow luxuriantly, only it is not as long as horseshoe, so it is described by the word "shallow". The "gradual desire" and "talent" in this association are the feelings and judgments of the poet's observation and appreciation, which make the objective natural scenery become the scenery in the eyes with the poet's subjective feelings and infect the readers. Use chaos, shallowness and gradual desire to describe the flourishing trend of flowers and plants. This accurately and vividly reveals the early spring weather enjoyed by the poet while walking, giving people a fresh feeling. The former poet Xie Lingyun's phrase "Spring grass grows in the pond, and garden willows turn into songbirds" ("Going upstairs in the pond") is wonderful from ancient times to the present, precisely because he wrote the seasons. It's just that white poetry has spread more widely. The tail couplet briefly describes the poet's favorite beach on the east side of the lake. Bai Causeway runs through Qiantang River, to the east of the lake, and can command the victory of the whole lake. I saw the green poplar, the flat and slender white sand embankment lying in the blue waves, and the riders on the embankment were knitting and enjoying the beauty of spring. The poet was in it, enjoying the lakes and mountains, and was relaxed and happy. Use "line"
Three, "Several early warblers compete for warm trees, and their new swallows peck at spring mud. Flowers are more and more attractive, and shallow grass can be without horseshoes. " These four sentences are the core of Bai Juyi's poem, which is also the most striking sentence, and also the finishing touch of Bai Juyi's description of spring scenery, especially the West Lake. There are several places and even many meanings. The oriole uses "early" to describe it. It reflects Bai Juyi's sincere love for these vibrant little lives: the oriole in the tree is busy grabbing the "warm tree" that first sees the sun in the morning, for fear that it will not catch up in a short time. The word "struggle" makes people feel that spring is rare and precious. I don't know whose swallow it is under the eaves. At this time, he was busy making a nest with mud, and used a word "peck" to describe the busy and excited swallow. These two sentences deliberately describe the dynamics of Yingying Yanyan, thus making the whole poem full of vitality and vitality in spring. Orioles are recognized as spring singers, and listening to their euphemistic songs makes people feel the charm of spring; Swallows are migratory birds. They returned to their hometown with spring, busy rebuilding their homes and welcoming a brand-new life. Watching them fly around nesting, people feel the beauty of life even more. After personifying the birds in the sky, Bai Juyi turned his eyes to the vegetation under his feet. "Flowers are more and more attractive, but shallow grass can't have horseshoes." This is also a scene description with great emotion and vitality. It fully shows Bai Juyi's careful observation of the description object and accurate grasp of its characteristics. Flowers are messy and even confuse the eyes of flower lovers. In other people's poems, this kind of writing is rare, and this unique feeling is Bai Juyi's personal experience when enjoying the scenery of the West Lake. Colorful flowers are in full bloom all over Shan Ye. Against the backdrop of lakes and mountains, they have different postures and compete with each other. There is no way to tell the good from the bad. I just feel that my eyes are blurred and fascinated. It's really beautiful. The phrase "flowers are becoming more and more charming" means stopping to look closely, while "shallow grass can't make horseshoes" is already an outing on horseback. On the lush and colorful West Lake, I am walking freely with two or three friends. Slowly, I stepped on the green grass and set foot on Changbai Causeway. The poet accidentally caught a glimpse of the scene of horseshoes rising and falling on the grass, and I couldn't help writing it in my poem. I didn't expect this random stroke to add a lot of lively interest and elegant leisure to the whole poem. The famous aesthetician belinsky once said. Beauty comes from the depths of the soul. Because natural scenery cannot be absolutely beautiful, this beauty is hidden in the soul of the person who created or observed them. Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang just illustrates this aesthetic truth. The whole poem describes Bai Juyi's love and admiration for the West Lake. Because no matter how beautiful the scenery of the West Lake is, it will be unsatisfactory, but in Bai Juyi's eyes, it is undoubtedly the most beautiful scenery in the world. Moreover, we are better at discovering and experiencing. Now we often have such an experience. It is better to watch the scenery than to listen to it, or listen to friends' introductions, or in film and television scenery films. We can't help but feel infinite yearning in our hearts, but often once we arrive, we feel far from the beauty we imagined. This is because we can't look at the natural landscape with the eyes of discovery and appreciation, but with an excessively high or even somewhat preconceived view. How many people have witnessed the spring scenery of Xizi Lake? But in the end, I can only recite a few works by several great poets. Isn't it only when the great writer Su Like Dongpo comes that the West Lake will proudly show her amazing beauty? Birds in the West Lake will not "warm trees" and "peck at spring mud" until they meet the great poet Bai Juyi. In fact, no matter when and where, the West Lake is the most beautiful. Do we also know the famous saying: "To compare the West Lake with the West Lake, heavy makeup and light makeup are always appropriate." Bai Juyi has such a rare aesthetic that he can find its moving place among countless tourists in the West Lake and really enjoy this paradise on earth given by nature. Bai Juyi didn't see many "early warblers" and "early birds". There were only a few places, only "whose home is it". If so, we may feel sorry that we didn't go everywhere. Every family has swallows. I think it would be nice to come ten days and a half months later. But Bai Juyi doesn't think so. There are few benefits. I'm afraid he won't be moved and intoxicated by these messengers of spring, even the "early warbler" and "new swallow", but he wrote this touching poem happily. Because of this, he can smell flowers and plants, see the beautiful scenery of fragrant grass, be distracted by all kinds of wild flowers dotted everywhere, and sigh for the grass without horseshoes. Think carefully, the lawn without horseshoes is actually the most common, and we don't have to rush to Xizi Lake to see such a lawn in spring, but in our street green space. I'm afraid there is an eye-catching sign between us and the lawn: "Don't trample on the lawn", so the closeness between everything and nature becomes a serious warning in an instant. Nowadays, people in cities can be forgiven for ignoring or ignoring natural landscapes instead of artificial ones. However, Bai Juyi is lucky. Because he has a pair of eyes to discover beauty and spring, he can't help being in the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. Even lingering: "I love the lack of lake in the eastbound direction and the white sand embankment in Qingyang under the greenwood tree." Baisha dike, namely Bai Causeway, is also called sand dike or broken bridge dike. The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and Bai Causeway runs through it. On the east side of the lake, it dominates the victory of the whole lake. When Bai Juyi was a historian in Hangzhou, he did build a dike to store water and irrigate people's fields, but his dike was north of Qiantangmen, but later generations often mistook Bai Causeway for white.
This poem is like a short and pithy travelogue, starting from Gushan and Jiating and ending in Hudong and Bai Causeway. Along the way, I enjoyed singing and dancing in the paradise-like beauty, intoxicated by the birds and flowers, and finally, I walked reluctantly along the white sand embankment in under the greenwood tree of Yangliu. Everything in the world still rings in my ears. In fact, Bai Juyi's keen observation and experience of spring or beautiful things expressed in this poem is very common among many ancient poets. Only in this way can they, like Bai Juyi, find it with joy when they first came to this world in spring, be moved by it and stimulate their desire to create. Write down touching poems and leave them with rich aesthetic enjoyment. Like Bai Juyi, you won't feel sorry because there are only a few orioles singing in the tree and only a few swallows nesting under the eaves. On the contrary, I will feel that the pace of spring is getting closer and closer, and I will feel very happy, thus writing such a touching poem as "A few early-rising warblers compete for warm trees, and whose new swallow pecks at new mud". There are many examples Predecessors said, "the poem of Lotte", "It's full of things", (Su Hua) also said that "the poem of Lotte is very simple and lovely, and it often takes what is in front of it as an insight, which is not expressed by others", (Gu Huan) The language of this poem is simple and fresh, and it is carefully selected to paint itself into the poem, which is vivid and affectionate. Worth the above comments. The name of Bai Juyi's poem is very meaningful. At that time, Bai Juyi lived in Chang 'an. "It is not easy to live in the capital, but it is not easy to live in a big place." Bai Juyi's name means that he, a very talented person, can live in Chang 'an for nothing, which also shows his pride.
The first couplet started from the big picture and described the scenery seen in Gushan Temple. The first sentence is location, and the second sentence is prospect. "Chuping" refers to the spring water, which is slightly flat with the dike. "Low cloud feet" means that white clouds hang low and connect with the lake to outline the outline of early spring. The calm water at the foot and the low-hanging cloud curtain in the sky constitute a quiet ink painting of the West Lake. The whole poem has a tight structure and strict meter. It embodies the characteristics of popularization and fluency. The poet describes the lush spring on the lake as a whole and is good at describing the scenery on the way. He chose the combination of typical and classified arrangement: writing four most beautiful spring scenes in the middle, and choosing the combination of animals and plants, which is unique. He is also good at grasping the characteristics of the scenery and using the most expressive words to describe and render it.
Sentimentality in the landscape is the main feature of this poem. It not only expresses a strong feeling of spring, but also expresses a strong feeling of natural beauty. Feelings are attached to the scenery, and the poems in the poem reveal a happy and relaxed mood and a delicate and fresh feeling for the spring scenery of the West Lake.
Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846), Han nationality, was also known as Xiangshan Buddhist in his later years. He was a great realistic poet in China in Tang Dynasty. He is a famous poet and writer with far-reaching influence in the history of China literature. Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and popular language, and are known as "poets" and "poets". Originally from Taiyuan, Shanxi, he later moved to Xiaba. He was born in Xinzheng, Henan (now Xinzheng, Zhengzhou). He is a bachelor of Hanlin and a doctor of Zuo Zanshan. Bai's Evergreen Collection has been handed down from generation to generation, and his representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Trip and so on. Bai Juyi's former residence memorial hall is located in the suburb of Luoyang. White Garden (Bai Juyi's Tomb) is located in Pipa Peak in the south of Luoyang. Bai Juyi's father later became a teacher in Gongxian County, Henan Province. Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai, Xinzheng County (now Xinzheng, Henan Province) on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong (AD 772). He lived in Xinzheng until he was 12 years old, and then moved to Jiangnan to escape the war in the Central Plains. Died in Wuzong Huichang for six years. He is the author of the Tang Dynasty Bai Changqing Collection 7 1 volume, 50 pieces of Xinle Fu, and 10.
In July, 822 (the second year of Changqing), Bai Juyi was appointed as the history of Hangzhou, and in March, 825 (the year of Bao Liyuan), he was also appointed as the history of Suzhou. Therefore, this song "Qiantang Spring Tour" should be written in the spring of the third or fourth year of Changqing.