original text
Jiangnanchun
Du Mu? Tang dynasty
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
translate
The vast south of the Yangtze River is full of singing and dancing, green trees and red flowers set each other off, and wine flags are flying everywhere at the foot of the water town.
Many ancient temples left over from the Southern Dynasties are now shrouded in this misty rain.
To annotate ...
Ti Ying: That is the language of Yan.
Guo: Outer city. This refers to the town.
Wine flag: a small flag hung in front of the door as a sign of a hotel.
Southern Dynasties: refers to the regimes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties.
Temple 480: The emperors and bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties built Buddhist temples in Beijing (now Nanjing). The 480 Temple mentioned here is an imaginary number.
Loutai: pavilions and pavilions. This refers to temple architecture.
Misty rain: drizzle, like smoke and fog.
Make an appreciative comment
This song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years. The poem not only depicts the beautiful spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also reproduces the misty balcony scenery in Jiangnan, making the scenery in Jiangnan more magical and confusing. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. The four sentences in this poem are all landscape words. There are many images and scenery, including plants and animals, which are vivid and colorful, and the scenery is also far and near, combining dynamic and static, and each has its own characteristics. With light words and extremely general language, the whole poem depicts a vivid, colorful and verve picture of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, presenting a profound and beautiful artistic conception and expressing a series of subtle and profound feelings, which has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years.
The third sentence, "480 halls in the Southern Dynasties", refers to the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen after the Eastern Jin Dynasty and before the Sui Dynasty, all of which were based in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), which was called the Southern Dynasties in history. "Four hundred and eighty temples" describes many Buddhist temples. Because Buddhism was very popular in the Southern Dynasties, many temples were built. This means that the Southern Dynasties left more than 480 ancient temples. Here, the poet focuses on the "temple" around the "water town, mountain fruit and wine flag style", broadens the imagination space, and traces his thinking back to the "Southern Dynasties", thus enhancing the historical and cultural connotation of poetry and the aesthetic realm of poetry. At the same time, the poet refers to Buddhism with "temple" and modifies it with imaginary number "480", which not only enriches the poetic image, but also takes care of the "thousands of miles" in the first sentence. More importantly, it shows the prevalence of Buddhism in the Southern Dynasties and lays the foundation for the lyricism of the following sentences.
Creation background
In the late Tang Dynasty, when Du Mu lived, the Tang Dynasty, as a mansion, was on the verge of collapse, and the regime of the buffer region, the eunuch's authoritarian power and the dispute between Niu and Li were eroding the giant's body bit by bit.
On the other hand, after Xian Zong came to power, he was fascinated by his achievements in Pinghuaixi and other places and started the dream of eternal life in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was so worried about Buddhism that Han Yu went to the platform of remonstrating Buddha's bones and almost lost his life. After Xianzong was killed by eunuchs, Mu Zong, Jing Zong, Wenzong and others preached Buddhism as usual, the number of monks and nuns kept rising, and the temple economy kept developing, which greatly weakened the strength of the government and increased the burden on the country.
When Du Mu came to Jiangnan (Jiangyin, Jiangsu) this year, he couldn't help thinking of the piety of the Southern Dynasties, especially the Liang Dynasty. In the end, there was nothing. Not only did he not seek immortality, but he harmed the country and the people by mistake. It is not only a tribute and nostalgia for history, but also a gentle exhortation to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Later, Wu Zong made peace and destroyed Buddha, which eased the contradiction to some extent.
This is a landscape poem with a good reputation. A small space paints a broad picture. It is not aimed at a specific place, but at the unique scenery of the whole south of the Yangtze River, so it is named "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River".
Brief introduction of the author
Du Mu (AD 803-852), born in Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".