Let me show you a super classic article. Ji Kang is my idol!
The second part of the series "Wei and Jin Styles and the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" Ji Kang Renqi has a reputation as a chivalrous man
"A laugh spread across the ocean, and the tide surged across the Taiwan Straits, and the waves surged into the sky. How much do you know about the worldly affairs of the world... ..." With sighs and sighs, we bid farewell to the "ghost" Huang Zhan. Although he left, he left behind a generous and desolate song "Swordsman" for future generations to sing.
With the knight Nie Zheng's desperate attempt to assassinate Han, the famous song "Guangling San" was created; with Ji Kang's request for bullets before execution, "Guangling San" became famous; with Mr. Jin Yong's The "romance" in "Swordsman" made "Guangling San" become the song of "Swordsman"; finally, under the re-interpretation by the "ghost" Huang Zhan, "Guangling San" became "Guangling San" in the eyes of ordinary people. The sea laughs."
Throughout Ji Kang's life, there was a heroic and uninhibited chivalrous spirit. His sword-wielding travels, his "exquisite sexual skills", his "good tempering", and his "shangqi and knighthood" all make me feel that the shadow of a knight is always flickering in Ji Kang. Perhaps speaking uprightly is a kind of chivalry, but at some point, just speaking uprightly will cost you your life...
Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasties commented that Ji Shuye was "straightforward and narrow-minded" "Zhong" (outspoken personality) and "quickly angry when encountering problems", this is the "Jun (Jun) Xia"; Ruan Sizong is "magnanimous on the outside but honest on the inside", this is "忶奥" (shuangmao). Ji Kang's arrogance, Ji Kang's cynicism, Ji Kang's loneliness, Ji Kang's sharp writing... all of these build a "chivalrous spirit". It was this kind of "letting one's temper lead to one's nature" that made Ji Kang's chivalrous reputation throughout his life.
Many famous people in the Wei and Jin Dynasties suffered changes
In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the politics was dark, and relatives and eunuchs were monopolizing power. However, "the common people resisted and the officials rebelled", which shocked the history at the time. Two "party-controlled disasters". The scholars as a group were suppressed. During the first party ban, more than 200 party members were arrested and sent back to their hometowns, where they were banned from serving as officials for life. During the second party ban, more than a hundred party members died and six to seven hundred people were implicated.
Afterwards, Dong Zhuo first deposed the Han Young Emperor and then killed the Han Young Emperor. Then Yuan Shao became the leader of the alliance and wanted to make Liu Yu the emperor. However, Cao Cao "held the emperor to order the princes", and his son Cao Pi threatened the Han Emperor " After the "Abdication", it didn't take long for Sima Yi to launch the Gaopingling coup and execute Cao Shuang, He Yan and others. Sima Zhao repeated the "Abdication" farce, and there was another "Eight Kings Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty - if the intellectuals were not certain Due to political sensitivity, death was almost inevitable. "The Jin Dynasty was uneducated" perhaps best illustrates the darkness of that time.
"Book of Jin Ruan Ji Biography" says: "During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were many stories in the world, and few celebrities were complete." According to historical records, the famous celebrities killed during this period include: Kong Rong, Yang Xiu , Huan Fan, He Yan, Xia Houxuan, Ji Kang, Lu An, Wang Yan, Zhang Hua, Pan Yue, Lu Ji, Guo Pu...
If you look into it carefully, the reason is even ridiculous, but it should be Historical necessity. Every time a unified dynasty is established after battles between heroes, intellectuals will face a catastrophe. In particular, the Sima clan usurped and killed indiscriminately, not only killing dissenters but also killing celebrities. According to history, due to the Sima Group's mass killings, "the number of celebrities in the world has been reduced by half." During his indiscriminate killings, people from Zhulin such as Shan Tao and Wang Rong joined the Sima Group, and Ruan Ji had to become an official.
Political debate leaders stopped talking
The resistance failed again and again, and despair enveloped Shilin. With the collapse of the unified regime, the ideological beliefs of the scholars were shaken, the dominance of Confucianism was questioned, and ideological diversity emerged.
According to the "Book of Jin", the Wei and Jin Dynasties were an era in which "scholars regarded Lao and Zhuang as their sect and deposed the Six Classics", and were an era in which "talkers regarded emptiness as a distinction and despised fame and examination" This era is an era in which "practicers regard letting go of turmoil as a guide and narrowing their faith." The characters of this era were so incompatible with the orthodoxy of Confucianism. Those who were magnificent and arrogant were respected as celebrities, while those who inherited the mantle of Confucius were regarded as hypocritical.
Zhuangzi calls those who are not in line with the world but in line with nature "freaks" and "the villains of heaven are the gentlemen of the world; the gentlemen of heaven are the villains of the world" ("The Great Master" ), completely inverting secular and natural moral standards. Ruan Ji demoted the worldly "gentlemen" to the status of lice in "The Biography of Mr. Adult", saying that they "can do it but dare not leave the seam; move but dare not come out of the crotch. They think they are getting ropes. If they are hungry, they bite people. He thinks he has endless food." Ji Kang's scolding was even more blunt. He extremely hated everything about the so-called "gentleman" in the world. He said that he regarded the school as a mortuary, the recitation of the Six Classics as rubbish, and benevolence and righteousness as nothing. rancid. If you look at the scriptures, your eyes will get sick; if you learn etiquette, you will have a hunchback; if you put on a formal dress, your muscles and bones will twist; if you talk about etiquette, your teeth will rot - this is very scary, as if the poison of the Six Classics is compared to the red crane crown. It is more powerful and more cruel than opium - so "abandon it and start anew with all things".
The final result of the ideological choice was that metaphysics replaced Confucian classics. In terms of life attitude, scholars no longer adhered to Confucian etiquette and famous teachings, and changes in worldly customs were ultimately reflected in life interests and attitudes. Orthodox thought has lost its binding force, and people's life pursuits have become richer, more temperamental, and more individual. Scholars began to re-recognize the value of life. They seemed to have never felt so strongly that time is fleeting, the sun and the moon fly by, life is ups and downs, and life is short.
Even a generation of heroes like Cao Cao are full of emotions about life, "Singing to wine, how long is life? It's like morning dew, how bitter it is every day", "Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has its time. A snake rides on the mist, and finally... "Ashes" and the like are so generous and sad when written.
At the end of the development of metaphysics, all people in the world took talking, eating, indulgence, and indulgence as the main content of their lives. They drank several cups of tea, filled bottles of wine, and talked about mysterious things every day. Beads, light fur and slow belt, loose clothing, holding a crotch in hand, wearing clogs without shoes, look very elegant, this has become a must-have outfit and characteristic of celebrities. The main content of the talk includes commenting on people, discussing nature, talking about the origin and the end, distinguishing between taste and body, etc. This kind of life is very similar to modern petty bourgeoisie, but it is far more lovely than petty bourgeoisie. The petty bourgeoisie lacks a little thought and has a little more affectation, while the characters in the Wei and Jin Dynasties are a little more straightforward and a little more ethereal.
The founders of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties should be considered first and foremost the famous scholars He Yan and Wang Bi. At that time, He Yan (then the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel) became the core of the discussion of Xuan Dynasty because of his political status, but in theory, the most outstanding one was Wang Bi. According to "Shishuo Xinyu·Literature", as long as Wang Bi appears when discussing mysteries, the winner must be Wang Bi, and He Yan is convinced by Wang Bi. In the tenth year of Zhengshi (AD 249), Wang Bi died of malaria at the age of 23. It can be said that Wang Bi is Li He in the history of thought. And Wang Bi was from Gaoping, Shanyang, so I very much suspect that the reason why Ji Kang moved to Shanyang was to pursue Wang Bi's way. It is nonsense to say that Ji Kang "followed" Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty who was demoted to Shanyang. Ji Kang and Ruan Ji in the "Bamboo Forest" can be said to be the direct successors of Wang Bi's thought.
How did Ji Kang avoid death?
The seclusion activities of the "Seven Sages in the Bamboo Forest" in Baijiayan followed Ji Kang's murder by Sima Zhao in the third year of Jingyuan (263 AD) And end. According to the records of "Three Kingdoms": "At that time, there was Ji Kang in Qiaojun. He had magnificent literary words and spoke well of Lao and Zhuang. However, Shang Qi was appointed as a knight. When he arrived in Jingyuanzhong, he was punished." Since he was fond of Lao and Zhuang, how could he return to Shang Qi and become a knight? No harm?
Ji Kang met the hermit Sun Deng in the Sumen Mountains and traveled with him, hoping to get advice, but Sun Deng remained silent. Before Ji Kang came out of the mountain, he asked Sun Deng: "Sir, you really don't want to say anything to me?" Sun Deng said at this time: "You have a strong temperament and a strong talent. What can you do? 1 - You have extraordinary talents and strong temperament. Why?" Maybe he survived? He couldn't help but feel sad. After three years of wandering, Ji Kang still returned to Shanyang to amuse himself.
Jingyuan year. (AD 261), Sima Zhao killed Cao Mao. In order to escape the charge of regicide, Sima Zhao wanted to gain public support. The next year, Sima Zhao appointed Shan Tao among the "Seven Sages" to win over Ji Kang. Ji Kang replaced the Minister of Civil Affairs. After Ji Kang got the news, he wrote the "Book of Severance of Diplomacy with Shan Juyuan" in anger, rejecting the official position offered by Sima.
Ji Kang's behavior is really disappointing. He was dumbfounded. When Zhuangzi refused the official position of the Prime Minister of Chu, he euphemistically used an analogy, saying that he was just a turtle that liked to wag its tail in the mud, but Ji Kang specifically wrote a "Letter of Severance of Diplomacy with Shan Juyuan", explaining in detail He had "seven incompetences" and said that if he wanted to be an official, he would be holding a butcher's knife and "being full of smell". Of course, this sensitivity and high attitude deeply hurt the actual ruler at the time, Sima Zhao.
As for the death of Ji Kang, Zhuangzi had already clearly pointed out the outcome of this kind of character, so when he answered how to establish himself, he said: "I will be between the talented and the unqualified. "This statement is very reasonable, but it does not apply to Ji Kang and Ruan Ji in the "Bamboo Forest", or even to Zhuangzi himself. The reason is very simple. When the three of them understood this truth, they had already achieved great fame. , it was too late to think about "between talent and lack of talent". In the Warring States period, when there were many tyrants, Zhuangzi could easily refuse the letter of appointment from Chu, but in the hegemonic Wei and Jin Dynasties, Ji Kang had no choice. /p>
Sima Zhao was furious when he learned that Ji Kang refused to serve as an official and said that "not Tang Wu but Zhou Kong". He also wanted to implement the "Tang-Wu Revolution" and change the dynasty. Ji Kang's words were an implicit attack, which touched his "sore spot" and made him hate Ji Kang.
Zhong Hui is really a villain. He had a great relationship with Ji Kang's death. He even framed Ruan Ji many times - "Book of Jin" records: "Zhong Hui asked about current affairs (Ruan Ji) several times, and if he wanted to be guilty of it, he was drunk. exempted. "And Ruan Ji finally escaped through being "drunk".
Before Zhong Hui became famous, he wrote a book for Ji Kang to read. He knew that Ji Kang was arrogant and was afraid of Ji Kang's face. Embarrassed, eager to try but hesitant, cowardly and wanting to show off, he threw his book into Ji Kang's courtyard and left quickly, hoping that after becoming famous, he would be able to show off in front of the famous scholar Ji Kang. After showing his face, he brought a large number of chariots and horses to visit Ji Kang.
Ji Kang was forging under the willow tree. A glance, a jingle, just strike.
Mr. Lu Xun said: The highest contempt is to be speechless, without even turning your eyes.
A stalemate is still a stalemate. With an angry look on his face, he rode away. At this moment, Ji Kang said: "Why did you come here after hearing it, and leave after what you saw?" Although Zhong Hui was upset and disappointed, his mind was spinning very quickly and he said, "I came here after hearing what I heard and left after seeing what I saw."
"
It was originally a two-sentence question and answer, but in this case, there was no sense of sublimity at all. Ji Kang's words contained arrogance and contempt, and Zhong Hui's words were full of resentment. He came in anger and came back in despair. From then on, Zhong Hui hated Ji Kang.
Sima Butcher's Sword was full of smell
In the third year of Jingyuan (AD 263), there was a case. Involving Ji Kang.
Ji Kang's friend Lu An had a brother named Lu Xun, who had a human face and a beast's heart. When he saw Lu An's wife, he had evil thoughts and drank Lu An's wife with wine. After being drunk, Lu An's wife was so ashamed that she hanged herself. After Lu An returned home and learned the truth from the servant woman, she hated Lu Xun's beastly behavior, but because of the kindness of his mother, she had no choice but to commit suicide. He kept silent and only told Ji Kang. Unexpectedly, Lu Xun had a guilty conscience and always felt that there was something in Lu An's hands that would be detrimental to him, so he resorted to the method of making a complaint first and falsely accused Lu An to Sima Zhao. Lu An was unfilial to his mother.
At that time, Sima Zhao was boasting about "ruling the world with filial piety", and Lu Xun was a popular figure in front of him, so he ordered Lu An to be arrested if he refused. Lu Xun's scandal was exposed and Ji Kang was used as evidence. Sima Zhao refused to listen to Lu An's excuse and sentenced him to prison. Ji Kang was very angry at Lu Xun's actions. In anger, he wrote the "Letter on Breaking Diplomacy with Lu Xun". Soon, Lu An's letter to Ji Kang was also intercepted on the way, and Sima Zhao detained Lu An again on the grounds that the letter contained dissatisfaction. At the same time, he ordered the arrest of Ji Kang.
In prison, Ji Kang had many thoughts and wrote "Poetry of Indignation" in which he recalled his childhood life and said that he had raised a child in his early years. He had a willful temper, and when he grew up, he was kind-hearted and could not distinguish between good and bad people. He protested that he was framed innocently, thinking that although he was arrested, he was still morally upright and bright. The disaster of death, so at the end of the poem, he said that once he is out of trouble, he will stay away from the world, "Caiwei Mountain, sending out rocks, chanting and chanting, staying in good health and longevity"
This clock. Hui decided to take revenge on Ji Kang and urged Sima Zhao to kill him. He said: "Ji Kang is a crouching dragon. You must not rise. You have no worries about the world. Gu Kang is the only one who cares about you." " He also said: "When Guanqiu Jian raised an army, Ji Kang planned to respond, but Shan Tao persuaded him several times to give up. In the past, the Qi State killed Hua Shi and the Lu State killed Shaozhengmao, all because they caused harm to the times and disrupted the religion. Now Ji Kang and Lu An are licentious in their words and attacking the classics. We should take this opportunity to kill them to keep the customs straight. "So Sima Zhao ordered that Ji Kang be sentenced to death. 3,000 Taixue students jointly petitioned for Ji Kang's pardon and asked him to go to Taixue to become a teacher. The rescue activities made Sima Zhao determined to get rid of Ji Kang.
< p>At a time when "the time is not with me", he has no discernment and "loves good and dark people (Lv Xun)". In the end, he is angry with the Lord for his talents, villains make slanderous remarks, refuses to bend his own ambitions, and embraces the whole life. In his thoughts, Ji Kang went to the execution ground and "watched his return, waving five strings in his hand", a song "Guangling San", generous and tragic, saddening people's hearts, and finally became "an eternal masterpiece". In simple or traditional words, I can hear the misery of life in the unruly howling in the bamboo forest; I can hear the anger and arrogance in the sound of the wind blowing and forging iron under the big willow tree in Baijiayan... And all of this Everything is just like the faint aftertaste left after Ji Kang played "Guangling San" before his execution.Facing Ji Kang, I have almost nothing to do but appreciate it. Speech.
The mysterious wind has dissipated and the sound of the piano is empty - Ji Kang's sadness and solemnity that "Guangling San" is now extinct solidified a period of history, and also solidified his life into a few pictures. Huang's old paper...
Yong said:
Many famous people in the Wei and Jin Dynasties suffered changes,
The political leaders stopped talking
How could Ji Kang avoid death?
Sima's butcher knife was full of fishy smell.