Those who abandon me can't stay yesterday;
People who disturb my heart are more worried today.
Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng,
When I was in the villa, I faced them and drank my wine.
The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie. ②
We are all lofty distant thoughts, longing for the sky and the bright moon.
But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine.
Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.
In Xuancheng County, Anhui Province, there is the North Building (also known as Xie Shou Building or Xie Gong Building, renamed Zhang Die Building at the end of the Tang Dynasty) built by Xie Mao, a poet of the Southern Qi Dynasty, when he was the magistrate of Xuancheng. At the end of Tianbao, Li Bai wrote a well-known poem, Uncle Yun, a farewell school book written by Xie Lou in Xuanzhou.
When talking about Li Bai's poetic style, predecessors said that he was "too broad-minded, afraid to put pen to paper, too strict in composition and unable to change for no reason, so there is no way to speculate" (Zhan Yan of Zhao Wei, Volume XII). Mr. Zheng Zhenduo once pointed out: Li Bai's poems, "Walking as fast as he imagined, making bold remarks, are not bound at all, and don't worry about how to become a dharma at all, so if you go into Sichuan and go to sea, you can talk wildly" (Chapter 25 of A Brief History of China Literature) and "Uncle Yun, Xuanzhou Xie Lou sends a farewell book to the school" are very broad and unrestrained.
"People who abandon me can't stay yesterday; Those who disturb my heart are even more worried today. " This sentence is "surprise, not a clue." The title of the poem is "Farewell", but it doesn't start from the place of farewell, nor from the other shore, but with a deep sigh as the introduction: time flies, leaving me, there is no way to stay; Today, with so many worries, I am completely confused. Tell the whole story of the poet's special mood at that time and in the local area. "Abandoning" and "not staying", time waits for no one, and the years are ruthless, which contains the feelings of sadness, "chaos" and "sadness" that I have accomplished nothing in recent years, and I am upset and worried constantly. Yesterday was about the past, today is about the present. The two poems link the long-term depression in the past with the present worries, which makes us deeply feel the spiritual depression of talented poets. Why is there endless anguish? Is "abandoning me" really "yesterday's flower"? The poet once made it clear: "It's not that I abandoned the world, but that the world abandoned me." (Send a message to a man from Caishan) It serves to show that the poet who abandoned the idea of "supplementing with wisdom" ("A biography of Dai Shoushan answering Meng Shaofu") was the ruler at that time. Li Tang's period was in the process of great change from prosperity to decline, and poets were always worried about the fate of the country. As long as we contact the poet's three-year life in Chang 'an, which is similar to the worship of Excellence by the public and the ending of "paying back the money", we can know that he can't help killing time in the sadness of "sentimentality", day after day and year after year.
"Autumn geese are accompanied by the wind, and I look at each other on this villa and drink my wine." These two periods indicate time and place. "Tall building" refers to the title "Xie Shoulou". The autumn wind is chilly, geese fly south, and a pair of relatives and friends are drinking and lyrical on the high-rise building, saying goodbye. The previous sentence clearly said farewell season, but in fact it implied the long journey of Li Yunzhi. "To this end", facing the present autumn scenery. At this time, "geese swim south." Although the poet only wrote Changfeng and Qiu Yan, what appeared in front of us was the following description by Song Yu, the father of Sad Autumn: "Sad Autumn is the spirit! Bleak, the vegetation falls and decays; If you want to travel far; Climb the mountain near the water and send it back. ..... The poor are dereliction of duty and have an uneven ambition. " (Nine Debates) So autumn scenery and Li Bai are in harmony. It just condensed Li Bai's insistence into a poem that the wind sends autumn geese. Therefore, the poem "You can soar high buildings" was written. This has two meanings: one is to drink goodbye to friends, and the other is to drink to relieve worries. As Wang Xiaoqu commented: "The sun and the moon are like streams, and time is like a car. Yesterday is gone, it is difficult to stay yesterday, and it is only when you come that you are worried. Life is impermanent and autumn is sad. Send geese in the autumn wind today, look at the tall buildings, and don't get drunk to vent my worries! " (Combination of Ancient Poems, Volume III)
"The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up by your side, Xiao Xie." Giving consideration to the subject and object of the topic "Farewell Dinner", the first sentence praises Liu Yun, and the second sentence talks about yourself. They drink tall buildings, talk about the past, discuss the present, recite poems, articles of the Han Dynasty, seven sons of Jian 'an, poems of Xie Tiao and so on. All these are included in the discussion and evaluation. Weng Xiqin commented: "Penglai sentence stands out." In fact, these two poems are probably extracted from many contents of Farewell Talk. Penglai is a legendary seamount. "The secret records of the deep and remote scriptures are all in the clouds." In the Eastern Han Dynasty, scholars called Dongguan (* * *) collection room, the hometown of Penglai Mountain in Taoism. Later, people in the Tang Dynasty often called Pengshan and Laige secretary provinces. Liu Yun is the secretary of the school, so he called Liu Yun's literary works (not just blank prose) "Penglai articles" and praised them with Jian 'an style. "Xiao Xie" is an allusion. Song Shu: "Xie Huilian, Yang Xia, Chen Jun.. My brother was deeply blessed, and later he was the king of Situ Pengcheng, Facao, who died at the age of 27. " Liang Zhongrong called "Song Facao joined the army in Xie Huilian" as "Xiao Xie" in the poem, and commented on his poem: "Xiao Xie Chase Jeff. I hate aquamarine, so I haven't grown up. Although the works of Qiu Huai and Yi Dao have been resurrected, why should they be added? " The "Xiao Xie" in Li Bai's poems originated from this. Because the poet said goodbye to his relatives and friends at Xie Tiao's home, and it was verified by the poet's consistent praise of Xie Tiao, the "Xiao Xie" here actually refers to Xie Shu. The Penglai article in the previous sentence refers to Liu Yun's works; The latter sentence "Xiao Xie Qing Fa" is a metaphor for Li Bai's poems. It means: "Zi () wrote a book about Penglai Palace, which has the style of Jian 'an. If I (Li Bai) were in Xiao Xie, I would be more curious. " (Tang Ruxun's Interpretation of Tang Poetry) "Qingfa" in the poem means Qingming, which means fresh and bright. "Jian 'an bone", that is, Jian 'an style, refers to the vigorous style of Jian 'an poets, which is "deep in ambition and long in pen, rich in profile". This is not a poem about poetry, but from Li Bai's positive comments on Jian 'an Bone and Xiao Xie's poems, we can get a glimpse of his literary thoughts. This is an extra gain after we read this poem! Critics often quote these two poems when talking about Li Bai's literary thoughts and aesthetic ideals, which makes sense.
"We are both lofty and distant thoughts, aspiring to the sky and the bright moon", saying that they both have a transcendental consciousness, and their agile talents are eager to ascend to heaven and see the bright moon. We should take "strong thinking" and "quick thinking" as the training of "illness" Serina Liu's "Gift to the Lieutenant General": "The princes are thoughtful and elegant." Xie Shu's "Qixi Fu" also said: "You think strong and fly by the wind, but go to the clouds." Li Bai's "thinking strong and flying" is based on this. From the source of the dictionary of Zhuang Si, we can know that the word "ju" is by no means an imaginary number, and "Yixing Zhuang Si" belongs to Jian 'an, Xiao Xie, Liu Yun and Li Bai. There are many bright moon sentences in Li Bai's poems, which compose beautiful and touching moonlight songs. "I don't know the month for hours, and it's called Bai Yupan. I also suspect that Yao Taijing is flying on the other side of Qingyun Mountain. " This is the naive imagination of Li Bai's childhood; "When I was in the Three Gorges in Badong, I watched the western bright moon and remembered Emei. Emei rises in the moon and shines on the sea, following the posture of Wan Li. " ("Emei Mountain Moon Songs Send Monks to Beijing") This is the true feelings of Li Bai's homesickness for the moon; "When will the sky and the moon come? I stopped to ask. People can't go to the moon, and the moon walks with people. " (Drinking asking for the moon) This is Li Bai's wonderful feeling that the moon is kind and mysterious. On the Drum Tower, the poet was drunk and full of poetry. Unexpectedly, he sang such an immortal famous sentence as "Top Gun Bright Moon"! Seems to have forgotten the basic fact that "one cannot climb the bright moon". Perhaps this belongs to the language of "natural carving", but the amazing imagination of winning by surprise, as well as the passionate yearning and persistent pursuit of a bright and brilliant world, can not but make people feel moved and amazed. Although Jian 'an literati and Qi Liang poets have written many poems and songs about the moon, they also have many stories, but they are not as good as Li Bai's fantastic ideas about the moon, such as "poetry is fast" (praised by Wang Anshi), "drinking like a whale quickly sucks Sichuan, thinking like thirsty Ma Yong rushes to the spring" (praised by Lu You), and "expressing heaven and earth and thinking about ghosts and gods" (praised by Pi Rixiu).
Judging from the style of the poem, the four sentences of "Penglai" take into account the topic and both sides. The beauty here is that its conception always revolves around Xie Gong Lou and Xiao Xie. Seemingly impartial, he not only talks about Liu Yun's articles, but also appreciates Xiao Xie's poems, and puts the word "all bosom" in front of "righteous deeds and thoughts". But in fact, this poem is not so much about praising Liu Yun (who is about to leave Xiegong Building) as it is about praising Xiao Xie (the founder of Xiegong Building); It is better to express one's mind than to write a parting friendship. If we understand this, we may be closer to Li Bai's creative motivation and see through the profound meaning hidden on the surface of poetry. Looking at the moon in the sky, will this be Liu Yun's verve and poetic realm? Not exactly. Li Bai affirmed Liu Yun and Xiao Xie in his poems, and actually affirmed himself, his lofty aspirations and outstanding talents.
There are many people with lofty ideals in the past dynasties; Talented people, who hasn't? Only during the Six Dynasties, there were Tao Yuanming, Bao Zhao, Xie Tiao, Wu Yun and so on. "It is their common destiny to aspire to success." . On the occasion of bidding farewell to Xie Gonglou, Xiao Xie's life experience naturally emerged clearly in front of poet Li Bai. Although Xiao Xie had a happy time, more years were spent in fear, anxiety and melancholy (for details of his life, please refer to my essay Xie Tiao and His Poems). He has the ambition of "helping the poor": "Luo Jing is dusty and foggy, and there is no peace in Huaiji. I don't want to stroke the sword, but I don't have a boat! " ("Hejiang City Defends the North Langya City") More sad: "The river flows day and night, and the guests are sad." "I am often afraid of the attack of eagles, when chrysanthemums are severely frosted." ("Let Xiadu send the night forest to Beijing and give it to colleagues in Xifu") "Emptiness is a worry of a big country, not a paradox. Is there a safe way to wipe out Peng, so as to dispel my worries and illnesses? " (Poems by Gao Zhai) The poet's own "worry" and Xiao Xie's "sadness" and "sorrow" are intertwined in Li Bai's nostalgia and converge in one place, as if endless melancholy clouds were hanging around the Xiegong Building.
"But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with the sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine." This is the deep emotion that the poet burst out when facing the bleak life after thinking about the ancients by saying goodbye to relatives and friends. At first glance, it seems abrupt, but in fact, it hides its own divinity. In front of Xiegong Building, Wanxi River and Zhuxi River flow all the year round, so the metaphor of "drawing a sword and cutting off water" comes from the immediate scene, which is natural and far-reaching. First of all; The sentence "Pinchou" not only echoes the beginning, but also connects the feeling of thinking about the past and the future. It is indispensable and cannot be transferred, just right. Second; Confucius once said in Sichuan: "The deceased is like a husband! Don't give up day and night. " (The Analects of Confucius, Zi Han) Since then, almost "the world only knows the passing of water" (Guan Xiu's Twenty-four Poems on Mount Ju), among which there are many poems that compare the passage of time to running water, crossing a river and crossing a wave. "Running water has inherited the tradition of poetry in life, gradually formed a concentrated expression of people's thoughts and feelings, and became a rich and concrete association in language. Li Bai's "But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with swords" is based on national traditions. " (Chapter 11 of Lin Geng's A Brief History of China Literature) What is particularly commendable is that there are also innovations in inheritance. If it is not novel to use running water as a metaphor for sadness, it is indeed very successful to use the metaphor of "drawing a sword and cutting off water" to express the struggle to change the status quo and drive away sadness. Third.
Knives should not be "cut off from water", and wine should not be worried. "Too much water" means "drawing a knife" to no avail; "Worrying about the sky" shows that "raising a glass" is also futile. Here we can see the darkness of reality, and the poet is extremely sad. Unable to change the reality and dispel the depression, he forced the conclusion: "Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and take a fishing boat tomorrow." Send out, that is, take off the crown, not tied. Yuan Hongchuan: "Party affairs will be exhausted, and cymbals are unparalleled." Boat, boat. Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi: After Wu's death, "floating in the Jianghu by boat" and "not caring" were the premise of "sending a boat" to live in seclusion in the Jianghu. "Those who abandon me can't stay yesterday; The word "world" is the key reason why those who disturb my mind today are more worried, and the root of the problem is Li's "world". If it weren't for Li's "Life on Earth" and "Pearl Dirty Grass Lonely" ("Ancient Style"), how could the poet have the idea of "raising a glass to dispel his worries"? How can you have the idea of "splitting the ship"? Different from other sad poems, this poem not only expresses Apollo's stubborn feelings, but also writes the road of "life", and deeply analyzes the social ills of Li's "world" from the perspective of personal sadness. Its ideological value is self-evident.
This poem is about farewell and nostalgia. The beauty lies in the combination of farewell, nostalgia and sadness, which has rich ideological content and broad imagination space. The sentence in Penglai was written to bid farewell to Liu Yun; Xie Qingfa's sentence comes from Xie Gonglou. Writing about Liu Yun, writing about Xiao Xie, saying goodbye and recalling the past are all to express sadness. The poet's melancholy runs through the whole article. At the beginning, it is "melancholy", but at the end it is "boring", giving consideration to both sides in the middle, taking advantage of the situation to bring out Xiao Xie and develop the meaning of nostalgia. The poet's fate and Xiao Xie's experience are superimposed, which conjures up sad voices and angry words such as "sentimentality" and "boating". Here, volcanic lyricism, ever-changing imagination and endless beautiful words have condensed into the style of Li Bai's Qing Xiong Bold and Bold (Pei Chang's History Book of Shang 'an House). Don't try to guess!