Horses have many nice names: Maxima, Tianma, BMW, Blood Horse, Fine Horse, Old Horse, White Horse and so on. The Six Horses, Eight Horses in Zhou Muwang and Nine Horses in Wendi, which Emperor Taizong used to conquer the world many times, were named Jiuyi, each with its own shape, color and speed. When you read the three-character scripture, you will know that horses, cows, sheep, chickens, dogs and other six animals, horses, cattle and sheep are among the three treasures, and horses are the first of the six animals. A little longer reading "Study in Qionglin" has a sentence "Hua Yi, the name of a good horse". When we go to the shops of commercial shops, we often see the couplets of "Hua Yi clears the way, the eagle comes out of the dust", hoping for smooth operation and prosperous business.
There are many stories about horses in historical biographies. Historical Records Biography of Dawan records Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions. In his report to Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, he praised the famous specialty of Dawan, especially saying that Dawan is "a good horse with blood, and its innate girl is also". Later, an angel praised his horse. He also said that the best person is in Dawaner Shicheng, and Emperor Wu is eager to get a good horse. He once sent someone to "invite Wanwang Ershicheng to get a good horse with his daughter Jinma", but it was rejected, so he did not hesitate to send Li Guangli, the general of the Second Division, with tens of thousands of specialized divisions to get a good horse. Give the name "Tianma". This shows the importance of a good horse at that time.
Horses are closely related to human social life and career. They are important means of transportation in ancient daily life, and they are also war tools for making contributions. There are many idioms and proverbs circulating so far. Being busy all day is called "non-stop". If you don't get lost, it's called "the old horse knows the way". If you don't mess, it's just "going with the flow". I wish you success. I don't want to say "success at once." If the words are literary, Li Bai recommended himself to Jingzhou Han, saying, "Although every word is exhausted every day, I can rely on my horse." During the Northern Expedition, the talented person immediately asked (Tiger) to follow the other side. "It is necessary to expose the cloth and ask Yuan Yima to make an ambassador, and he will never stop writing, and I will get seven papers, which is very impressive." Fu Yong of the Northern Wei Dynasty (Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature), in the word period, was full of energy and brave, "holding the saddle bridge, he could gallop up and down". It's a pity that he is just a martial artist who can't even answer his friend's letter, but he was refused to ask another friend to answer for him. So he "studied hard, dabbled in classics and history, and was able to write well", and finally became an all-rounder of civil and military affairs, making some achievements, so that Wei Gaozu often exclaimed, "It's only a matter of time before you get on the horse and put on a show!" See the history of Shu Wei and the North. Fu Yong's contribution, horses accounted for at least half. Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, and the horse's contribution was half. The terracotta warriors and horses are a proof. Bronze chariots and horses can move quickly, and horses can step on swallows to show their swiftness. Equatorial repair is also the immediate drive. Emperor Taizong has been conquering for years. Driven by six generals, the rule of Zhenguan has its merits. Emperor Taizong not only wrote Liu Mazen personally, but also carved stones in the tomb to show that he could not leave Liu Jun until he died. According to the poem "Painting Horses in Han Gan in the Tang Dynasty" written by the poet Wang Yun in the Yuan Dynasty, there is a sentence: "In the autumn wind of the Six Horses in Zhaoling, we worked hard to write about the achievements of the emperor" to praise the achievements of the Six Horses. As the saying goes, "success comes from horses", and it is precisely because of horses' achievements that they have won the hearts of the people. And "taking the lead" is to see the progress of the warriors.
Horses are famous for their speed and became the best choice of ancient means of transportation. Zhou Muwang drove eight horses, traveled everywhere and came to the Kunlun market. Legend has it that because of the speed of the eight horses, the time to meet the Queen Mother of the West has been shortened. Time flies, and people who take the gallop of horses as a metaphor are particularly familiar with it. That is to say, if you are wise, you will know this. "Biography of Li Si in Historical Records" says: "When I lived in Yan's house in the second year, I called Gao to find a job, saying,' My wife was born in the world, like six horses.' "Zhuangzi Know the North Tour" said: "If there is a gap between heaven and earth in life, it will be sudden!" In the historical biographies of Sean and Wei Bao in the Han Dynasty, there is also a saying that "life is like a blink of an eye". It can be seen that since the Zhou and Qin dynasties, the speed of a good horse has been used as a metaphor for the speed of time.
According to legend, The Book of Hutuluo is the beginning of culture, and the white horse is nourished by foreign culture. Ma Sui is one of the important literary themes, and the painter's colors show the majestic, elegant, free and easy beauty of the horse. The pictures of Eight Horses, Six Horses and Hundred Horses have always been painted by painters, while Cao Ba painted horses in the Tang Dynasty, and the poet Du Fu presented them in the form of poems, which have been passed down to this day. Xu Beihong, a modern painter, is also famous for painting horses at home and abroad, and people strive to imitate them. China's earliest collection of poems, The Book of Songs Xiaoya, contains the sentence "A beautiful white pony", which expresses the color of a good horse, while "June" praises "Four Horses", which shows the strength of a good horse. In the poet's works, the horse is an important writing object. Nineteen ancient poems, "Huma follows the north wind and crosses the south branch of the Bird's Nest", show that people can't forget their roots. Wu Wei used an old Malay metaphor, which is a famous saying. Poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties chanted a lot, and Du Fu's poems were easily searched, so many poems about horses were obtained, among which the description of a good horse with sweat and blood was particularly fascinating. The poem "Fang Bing Cao Xu Ma" says: "Xu Ma has a big name and a skinny front. Its ears are as sharp as a piece of bamboo, and it runs like four winds, as if its hoof had not been trampled. The horse galloped, never in an open way, riding it all very comfortable, dare to roam the battlefield, and even share life and death. If there is such a thing, it will be rampant. "Wang Anshi's poem" Hua Yi "in the Song Dynasty is even more concise and moving. The poem says, "Huayi is also handsome and outstanding in the upper reaches of the earth. Angry and chasing the wind, suddenly across Kyushu. " Zheng Sixiao, the minister of orphans in the Song Dynasty, expressed his grief and indignation that "this place was temporarily occupied by horses, but only for the Song people all his life", and fully expressed his nostalgia for the old feelings in the Song Dynasty. This kind of thing is hard to find.
China has a vast territory, complex and changeable ecology, and a large number of horses, including Yili and Yanqi horses, as well as Hequ horses and Mongolian horses adapted to the cold environment. In the 1980s, a five-waisted pony and a peaceful fruit horse were newly discovered. At present, China has more than10 million horses, ranking first in the world.
Tactile horses are extremely sensitive to touch and smell, and sometimes they can find water sources several kilometers away by distinguishing trace water vapor in the air. Orientation of environmental stimulus: When a horse enters the mountain forest, it can return smoothly along the original road. This is because horses find their way by stimulating the brain through the external environment such as scenery, color, sound and smell. Horses have a good memory for smells, and when they get lost, they can return to their original places through twists and turns.
Eye horses have special eyes. Its pupils are flat up and down and wide left and right, which is related to the fact that most of their ancestors, wild horses, lived in open grasslands. It is flat up and down, and its left and right pupils are wide, so that they can see food or enemies on both sides from far away.
Sleeping posture It is generally believed that horses stand all their lives, always sleep upright, and only lie down when they are seriously ill. Horses can really take a nap standing up and even sleep soundly. This is inherited from their ancestors. Ancient wild horses lived on the Yuan Ye. When they were suddenly attacked by the enemy, they had to run away quickly. Sleep standing up and run. Now the horses kept in the racecourse are different: they live in warm and safe stables and don't have to worry about wild animals. In this way, the horse likes to lie on the soft straw mat and spread his legs freely. However, they can also sleep standing up. Sometimes they sleep standing up first and then lie down.
Language horse has its own language, which is mainly expressed by different gestures of ears. Ears straight up, slightly shaking, indicating "very happy"; The ear keeps shaking back and forth, indicating "unhappy"; Ears fall back quietly, indicating "excitement"; Ears droop forward or sideways, indicating "fatigue"; Ears droop to both sides and head is low, indicating "want to rest"; Ears stand up high and stand upright to both sides, indicating "nervousness"; The ears keep shaking and the head keeps lifting, indicating "fear".
Intelligence The former Soviet Union once found a clever horse. It pulled a carriage to transport grain, but refused to pull only 20 bags at a time. Every time it finishes loading the car, it will turn around and take a closer look. More than 20 bags will "refuse to pull the cart". Horses are smart and capable. German farmer Austin has a horse named Hans, who can do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Sweet, an American, trained his horse well and became his right-hand man. He usually hands him the newspaper, dresses him and brings him a hat. This horse is still his living "alarm clock", reminding him to get up regularly every morning. In Louisville, Kentucky, USA, there is a horse named Butterfly. Under the careful training of its owner, it can drive a modified Lincoln car. In England, there is a horse named "Grey Grey", who learned to play football under the patient training of his owner, Keeley. He can not only head, shoot, cross and pass the ball, but also hit a high percentage of shots.
There are countless stories and poems praising horses. With these odds and ends, we can see Matt's spirit and heroic spirit, majestic, elegant, erratic and swift. In the new year symbolized by the horse, may the excellent characteristics of the horse cover and moisten all aspects and corners of our lives, so that the Chinese nation can leap forward like a "Tianma" and make people's lives better!
Geological prospectors in China have seen Mongolian wild horses many times while working in the field. Their activities range from the Dune River in the west to the General Gobi in the east of Junggar Basin, and the tent ditch area is the most.
Wild horses are small, with a body length of 2 ~ 2.3 meters, a shoulder height of 1.3 ~ 1.4 meters, a large head, no forehead hair and short ears. The head and back are brown, the sides of the body are lighter, and the abdomen turns milky yellow. Winter and summer, the coat color is different. In winter, the hair is long and thick, light in color, and wavy on the back; In summer, the hair becomes shorter and darker, and there are several hidden stripes on the limbs. The mane stands upright and extends from the head to the back. The tail is very long, the hair is dark brown and fluffy.
Wild horses are very similar to domestic horses today, and even have the same tooth type and tooth structure. They breed with each other and can produce new offspring with fertility. But they belong to the same family, not the same species, and domestic horses are not domesticated from Mongolian wild horses.
In summer, dozens of wild horses, led by a male horse, roam the grassland with a mare and a pony, looking for wild plants to eat. Go to the lake to drink water at night and rest nearby. It has its own protective color, hiding in the taupe soil to avoid the enemy. Wild horses have to migrate seasonally in winter. In the ice and snow, they want to quench their thirst with snow and dig out hay and moss under the snow to satisfy their hunger.
Wild horses have strong physique, fierce temperament, small and round hooves, fast running speed and drought tolerance. In deserts and grasslands, they sometimes meet wolves, and they are not afraid of absconding, but take it easy. Sometimes it will suddenly attack and rush to the wolf; Sometimes, turn around quickly, lift your hind feet and kick your legs hard. Therefore, wolves dare not invade it easily.
Wild horses are hard to catch. When wild horses met the crowd, they quickly took their place. The stallion is in front, the mare is behind, and the pony is in the middle. They stomped on the ground with their hooves, as if threatening and indicating the direction of escape. In an instant, the horses rushed out of the encirclement and ran away quickly.
Wild horses are rare and have been listed among the world's prohibited animals. A special organization has been set up in the world to investigate and study wild horses, and the methods of domestication, protection and reproduction have been formulated. Wild horses have been listed as the first class protected animals in China, and hunting is strictly prohibited.
Scientists have also crossed various horses to breed a wild horse, which existed in Europe a hundred years ago.