② Concubine: poet Xu, the imperial concubine of Meng Changjun.
3 that: the same place.
4. Disarmament: Lay down your arms.
That's all: that's all.
6. Male: refers to male masculinity. This poem goes straight to the story of the country's demise: "The king's city has raised a flag." According to historical records, the monarchs and subjects of Shu were extremely extravagant and dissolute. When Song Jun was besieged, Meng Changjun felt helpless and humiliated and surrendered. The poem only says "flags are flown at half mast", and the wording is implicit. The next language is only three points, but it is meaningful and intriguing.
The second sentence "I learned it in the palace" is purely spoken, but the meaning is very subtle. Generally speaking, there are two meanings: First, the poems and essays that complained about the country's death in past dynasties mostly held the theory that "women are a disaster for the country's death", such as complaining about the death of da ji's business and Wu's death. And this poem is like a self-defense of "the disaster of national subjugation". The language seems to sigh lightly, but the wording is slightly graceful and meaningful. Secondly, to say the least, it is useless to surrender without the "concubine" in time. A weak woman cannot have the power to turn the tide. However, after all, "I learned" that Yun Yun also expressed a sense of shame, which is different from the "boy" who is willing to be a prisoner. This leaves room for the next atrocities.
The third sentence takes care of the first sentence "raising the flag" and depicts the surrender scene of the Shu army "140,000 people disarming together". The history shows that there were only tens of thousands of people in Song Jun at that time, but there were "140,000 people" in Houshu. With several times the strength of the enemy, even in the face of a strong enemy, there is no reason to die. However, Shu Meng, who has always been addicted to pleasure, was demoralized and frightened, and finally staged an ugly drama in which many people became widows. "140,000 people" did not have a martyr, they did not have the slightest masculinity. Of course, their language is a little exaggerated, but it effectively writes a woman's shame and indignation: shame lies in dying without fighting.
At this point, the author's feelings of shame, anger and pain have been fully brewed, so a hot curse broke out: "No one is a man!" " "The contrast between No More and 140,000 People is soul-stirring." Poetry can complain "is actually more than resentment. Here is already "laughing and cursing, everything has become an article."
This poem is written with great passion, showing the pain of national subjugation and the deep feelings for those who wronged the country; It is full of personality, showing a lively and personalized female image. The poet called women men, more powerful and more distinctive. As far as the whole poem is concerned, the first three sentences are euphemistic and implicit. Although pungent and euphemistic, it is not as good as those who are not blindly exposed and lack emotion.
According to the Song Dynasty and the Preface to Gai Zhai, this poem written by Mrs. Hua Rui has some merits. "The former king went down to the later Tang Dynasty, and Wang Chengzhi wrote a poem:' The owner of Shu State leads the sheep to bind the flag. 200,000 people surrendered, and none of them were men. ""Compared with these two poems, Xu's revision of Wang's poems is very good. The first two sentences of the original poem are too painstaking, so it is better to write them implicitly and tastefully, especially in the first person's "concubine" tone, which is more meaningful than the original and increases the point of view. Such a change has the value of reconstruction. As far as the poet Chen Shi is concerned, he has both sense of shame and courage. This behavior itself is enough to make Shu Meng's "men" feel ashamed. Therefore, it is no accident that this poem was appreciated by a great master, Zhao Kuangyin. The author "... (Hou Shu) died and entered the harem", and his identity actually belongs to the category of "senior prisoners". When Mao heard the name of this female poem, he specially summoned her and ordered her to produce it. Mrs. Hua Rui read the poem "National subjugation".
There is nothing obscure in this poem itself: how important it is to surrender to national subjugation, but it is so hasty that even the favorite princess "knows"! After Shu, the troops were not weak (it is said that there were "140,000 men"), but they "disarmed" ("whispering" obviously means surrender without a fight): Is such a "king" or a "man"? As far as poetry is concerned, the first thing expressed here is the contempt for Meng Changjun, the subjugation of the country and the bad king; However, choosing this poem to read in this situation and scene vaguely makes people feel that there is another meaning: this defeat is the defeat of Shu; Winners have nothing to be proud of. ...
It is very suspicious that "orphans and evil children" miss the motherland. Here, what readers see is a weak woman who is a prisoner. She can be humble, dare to face the conqueror and accuse the old king of "no man's blood"! However, according to records, Mao's reaction after listening to the poem was unexpected. Maybe this is a matter of opinion. The first thing Taizu felt in his poem was the greatness of his military strategy of "winning more with less": "... Taizu said that there were 140 thousand soldiers in Gaishu and tens of thousands of soldiers."