Compulsory Course 1~Compulsory Course 5
1. Mao Zedong's "Qinyuan Spring in Changsha"
In the cold autumn of Independence, the Xiangjiang River goes north to the head of Orange Island. See the mountains all red, the forests all dyed; the rivers full of green, with hundreds of boats vying for the current. Eagles strike in the sky, fish fly in the shallows, and all kinds of frost compete for freedom in the sky. With a melancholy outline, I asked the vast land, who is responsible for the ups and downs?
I have traveled with hundreds of couples to recall the glorious past. Qia is a classmate who is young and in his prime; he is a scholar and is full of energy and scolds Fang Qiu. Pointing out the country and inspiring words, the excrement was like that of thousands of households. Have you ever remembered that when you hit the water in the middle of the current, the waves stopped the flying boat?
2. Xunzi's "Encouragement to Learning"
The gentleman said: Learning cannot be done anymore. Green is derived from blue and is green from blue; ice is derived from water and is cold from water. The wood is straight and the rope is in the middle. It is shaped like a wheel and its curve is regular. Although there is violence, those who no longer stand up are the ones who make it happen. Therefore, if wood is supported by a rope, it will be straight; if metal is sharpened, it will be beneficial; if a gentleman is knowledgeable and examines himself every day, he will know how to act without making mistakes.
I spend the whole day thinking about it, which is not as good as what I learned in a moment; I stoop and look at it, but it is not as good as climbing up and gaining insights. When you climb high and make moves, your arms are not lengthened, but the sight is far away; when you call along the wind, the sound is not faster, but the sound is louder. A false horse can travel thousands of miles without benefiting from it; a false boat can travel thousands of miles without being able to swim, but can cut off rivers. A gentleman is born without any difference, and is good at false things.
When soil accumulates, mountains become the wind and rain; when water accumulates, the abyss becomes abyss, dragons emerge; when good deeds accumulate, virtue becomes virtuous, and the gods are satisfied with themselves, and the holy heart is prepared. Therefore, if you do not accumulate steps, you cannot reach a thousand miles; if you do not accumulate small streams, you cannot reach a river or sea. A horse can't take ten steps with one leap; a horse can ride ten times, but it's hard to give up. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not be broken; if you persevere, the metal and stone can be carved. Earthworms don't have sharp claws and teeth, nor strong muscles and bones. They eat earth and drink from the underworld. They have the same intention. A crab with six knees and two pincers is not a snake and eel that has nothing to rely on in its cave, so it means it is impatient.
3. Han Yu's "Teacher's Theory"
The ancient scholars must have teachers. A teacher is the one who preaches the truth, receives karma and resolves doubts. People are not born with knowledge, how can they be free from confusion? If you are confused and do not follow the teacher, it is confusion, and you will never be able to understand it. Those who were born before me, they heard the Tao before me, and I learned from them; those born after me, they heard the Tao before me, and I learned from them. My teacher, do you know who was born to me one year or another? Therefore, there is neither high nor low, neither long nor short. Where the Tao exists, the teacher exists.
Sigh! It’s been a long time since teachers’ teachings were passed on! It’s hard to be clear of confusion! The ancient saints were also far away from others, and they still asked if they were teachers. Today's people are also far away from the saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, the saint will benefit the saint, and the fool will benefit the fool. Is this why saints are saints and fools are fools?
If you love your son, you will choose a teacher and teach him; if you are concerned about your son, you will be ashamed of the teacher and confused! The teacher of the boy, who teaches the book and then learns its sentences, is not what I call someone who teaches his way and solves his confusion. I don't know how to read a sentence, I don't understand it when I'm confused, maybe it's a teacher's fault, or maybe it's not a good idea. A man of witchcraft, medicine, music, and craftsmanship, he is not ashamed to be a physiognomist. The clan of scholar-bureaucrats would gather together and laugh at those who said "master" or "disciple". When asked, he said: "He is similar to that year, and the Tao is similar. A low position is shameful, and a high official is close to flattery." Woohoo! The way of a teacher can no longer be known. Gentlemen despise a man who is a man of witchcraft, medicine, music and craftsmanship, but now his wisdom is beyond his reach. How strange that is!
The sage is the teacher of impermanence. Confucius studied under Tanzi, Changhong, Xiang and Laodan. The disciples of Tanzi were not as wise as Confucius. Confucius said: "When three people are walking together, there must be my teacher." Therefore, the disciple does not have to be inferior to the teacher, and the teacher does not have to be better than the disciple. There is a priority in learning the Tao, and there is a specialization in the art, that's all.
Zi Pan, a seventeen-year-old son of the Li family, was fond of ancient Chinese prose and was familiar with all the classics and biographies of the six arts. Yu Jiaqi was able to practice the ancient way and wrote "Shi Shuo" to teach him.
4. Su Shi's "Red Cliff Ode"
In the autumn of Renxu, in the seventh month, Su Zi and his guests went boating and swam under Red Cliff. The breeze comes slowly and the water waves are calm. Lifting wine to the guests, reciting poems about the bright moon, and singing graceful chapters. After a while, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights. White dew flows across the river, and the water reaches the sky. Even though a reed is like this, thousands of hectares are at a loss. The vastness is as if Feng Xu is riding the wind without knowing where it is going; the flutteringness is as if he is left alone in the world, becoming an immortal and ascending to immortality.
So they drank and had a lot of fun, and sang along to the boat. The song says: "The osmanthus sticks are covered with orchid oars, and the bright sky is hit by the stream of light. I feel the vagueness in my heart, and I look forward to the beauty in the sky." There is a guest who blows a hole in the hole, and he listens to the song and harmonizes with it. His voice sounds like resentment. Like admiration, like crying, like complaining; the lingering sound is lingering, like a wisp; the dragon dancing in the secluded gully, weeping in the lonely boat.
Su Zi was stunned, sat upright, and asked the guest: "Why is it so?" The guest said: "'The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south.' Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking towards Xiakou and looking towards Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are close to each other and the sky is full of green. Isn't this what Meng De was trapped in by Zhou Lang? Drinking wine by the river, writing poems across the river, you are a hero for a lifetime, and now you are safe! Kuang Wu and his son Yuqiao were on the river, accompanying fish and shrimps, and making friends with elk in a small boat, raising their bows to each other. I send mayflies to the sky and the earth, a drop in the vast sea. I mourn for a moment in my life, and I envy the infiniteness of the Yangtze River. I carry flying immortals to fly, and I hold the bright moon for a long time. I don’t know how unexpected it is, but I leave it in the sad wind. " /p>
Su Zi said: "Do guests know that water and the moon are like this? Those who have passed away are like this, but they have not yet gone; those who are full and empty are like that, but their soldiers should not wax and wane."
If you look at the things that have changed, you will see that heaven and earth could not last for a moment; if you look at the things that do not change, you will see that things and I are endless, and how enviable it is! Moreover, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner. It's not my property, even if I don't take any of it. But the cool breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard as sounds by the ears, and can be seen by the eyes as colors. Take it without restraint and use it inexhaustibly. This is the endless treasure of the Creator, and it is what I and my son eat. "
The guests laughed with joy, washed the cups and drank more. The food cores were all gone, and the cups and plates were in a mess. The faces and pillows were scattered in the boat, and they didn't know how white the east was.
5. Su Xun " "On the Six Kingdoms"
The six kingdoms were destroyed not only because of the disadvantages of the army, but also because of the bad fighting. Bribing Qin and losing strength, this is also the way to destroy the six countries. ? Said: If you don't bribe, you will lose if you lose strong support. Therefore, it is said that the disadvantage lies in bribing Qin!
Qin can win small towns and large cities. , What Qin gained from victory was actually a hundred times as much as what he gained from victory; what he lost as a prince was actually a hundred times as much as what he lost in defeat. Therefore, Qin's great desires and the great troubles of the princes are not due to war.
Sijue's ancestors cut off thorns and thorns in order to obtain a sizeable land. The descendants did not cherish it and gave it to others, just like throwing away grass and mustard. Today, they will cut off ten cities, and then they will be safe overnight. Go to bed. Look around, and the Qin army has arrived. However, the territory of the princes is limited, and the desire to attack Qin is getting more and more urgent. Therefore, the victory of the strong and the weak will be determined without fighting. , The ancients said: "To serve the Qin Dynasty, it is like holding firewood to put out a fire. If the firewood is not exhausted, the fire will never be extinguished." "This statement is true.
The people of Qi did not try to bribe Qin, but after the five kingdoms were finally removed and destroyed, why? They want to win but not help the five kingdoms. The five kingdoms were lost, and Qi was also inevitable. The king of Yan and Zhao , He had a long-term strategy, could defend his territory, and did not bribe Qin. Therefore, although Yan was a small country, it was effective in using troops to attack Qin. Two defeats and three victories. Later, Qin attacked Zhao again, but Li Mulian defeated him with slander. The three kingdoms each love their own land, and Qi people should not be attached to Qin. If assassins can't do it, but good generals are still there, then the number of winners and losers, and the principle of survival, should be compared with Qin, or not. Yi Liang.
Ugh! By bribing the land of Qin, making the world's advisers, serving Qin's heart, paying homage to the world's talents, and striving to the west, I fear that the people of Qin will not be able to swallow it. Husband! If you are so powerful, you will be robbed by the people of Qin. The sun will cut the moon, and you will be destroyed. No one will be robbed by the people of Qin.
Husband Liu! Both the country and Qin were princes, and their power was weaker than that of Qin, but they still had the potential to win without bribery. The story of Gou thinking that the world was so big, and then falling from the Six Kingdoms, was under the Six Kingdoms again. p>
*6. Du Mu's "A Fang Palace Poem"
The six kings are all in one place. Turn around and go straight to Xianyang. The two rivers flow into the palace wall, and the corridor is stretched back to the first floor. , I don’t know how many tens of millions have fallen. The long bridge is lying on the waves, and the sky is empty. The sky is empty, and the sky is dark. The singing stage is warm, the spring is warm, and the wind and rain are miserable. It's miserable. In one day, the weather is uneven among the palaces.
The concubines, concubines, princes and grandsons left the palace downstairs and came to the Qin Palace to sing at night. People. The stars are shining brightly, and the mirrors are opening. The green clouds are disturbing, and the servant girls are combing in the morning. The Wei River is swollen, and the fat water is flowing. The smoke is slanting, and the peppers and orchids are burning. The windmills are passing by. Listen, I don't know where it is. Every muscle and look is very beautiful, and I look far away, but I am lucky to see someone.
Collected by Yan and Zhao in the 36th year. The management of Han and Wei, the elites of Qi and Chu, plundered their people for several generations, and once they were no longer available, they lost jade, gold nuggets, and gravel to the Qin people. Even if you look at it, you won’t regret it.
Sigh! The love of one person is the same as that of thousands of people. People also miss their family, but they can’t use it as much as they can. Sha? There are more pillars than there are farmers in Nanmu; there are more rafters than there are workers on the machine; there are more phosphorus on the nail heads than there are grains of millet; there are more jagged seams in the tiles than there are silk threads all over; there are more straight rails. There are more horizontal sills than in the city walls of Jiutu; there are more hoarse music than the words of the people in the city. This makes the people in the world dare not speak and dare to be angry, and the hearts of the soldiers are becoming more and more arrogant. The one who destroys the six kingdoms is not Qin. The one who belongs to Qin is not the world. Sigh! If it is enough to reject Qin and make Qin love the people of the six kingdoms again, he will be the king for three generations and will be king for ten thousand generations. Who can win and the family will be destroyed? The people of Qin had no time to mourn for themselves, so that future generations would mourn for them; if future generations mourned without taking note of it, they would also cause future generations to mourn for future generations again.
7. Su Shi's "Niannujiao? Chibi Nostalgia"
The great river goes eastward, and the waves are gone, and the romantic figures of the ages are revealed. On the west side of the fortress, the human path is Chibi, Zhou Lang of the Three Kingdoms. Rocks pierced through the sky, stormy waves crashed onto the shore, and thousands of piles of snow were rolled up. The country is picturesque, and there are so many heroes at one time.
I think back to Gong Jin’s time, when Xiao Qiao got married for the first time and looked majestic and handsome. Feather fan and silk scarf, while talking and laughing, the rapist disappeared into ashes. My motherland wanders in my mind, I should laugh at my passion, and I will be born early. The world is like a dream, and one statue still shines in the moonlight.
8. Xin Qiji's "Forever Happiness? Nostalgic for the Past in Guting, Bei Jingkou"
Throughout the ages, there are no heroes to be found, and Sun Zhong seeks a place. On the dancing pavilion and singing stage, the wind is always blown away by the wind and the rain.
The setting sun, the grass and trees, the ordinary alleys, where the slaves of humanity once lived. Think back to those days: a fierce warrior with an iron horse, capable of swallowing thousands of miles like a tiger.
Yuanjia hastily sealed the wolf in Xu, and won the hasty visit to the north. Forty-three years later, I still remember the beacon fire on Yangzhou Road. But looking back, under the Buddha and Li Temple, there is a sacred crow drum. Who can ask: Lian Po is old, can he still make a living?
9. "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" by Zhu Ziqing
On the twists and turns of the lotus pond, you can see the fields of leaves. The leaves are high out of the water, like the skirts of a graceful dancer. Among the layers of leaves, white flowers are dotted here and there, some are blooming gracefully, and some are holding their petals shyly; just like individual bright pearls, like stars in the blue sky, and like flowers just emerging from the bath. beauty. The breeze passed by, bringing wisps of fragrance, like the faint singing from a tall building in the distance. At that time, the leaves and flowers also trembled slightly, like lightning, which immediately spread across the lotus pond. The leaves were densely packed side by side, and there seemed to be a ripple of solid blue. Under the leaves are veins of running water, which are covered and some colors cannot be seen; but the leaves are even more beautiful.
The moonlight is like flowing water, quietly flowing on this leaf and flower. Thin green mist floats in the lotus pond. The leaves and flowers seem to have been washed in milk; they are also like a dream wrapped in a veil. Although it was a full moon, there was a thin layer of clouds in the sky, so it couldn't shine brightly; but I thought this was just the right thing - a sound sleep is essential, but a nap also has its own flavor. The moonlight shines through the trees, and the dense bushes high up cast jagged and mottled black shadows, as steep as ghosts; the sparse shadows of the curved willows seem to be painted on lotus leaves. The moonlight in the pond is not uniform; but the light and shadow have a harmonious melody, like the famous music played on the Buddhist bell.
On all sides of the lotus pond, far and near, there are trees high and low, among which willows are the most numerous. These trees surrounded a lotus pond; only a few gaps were left on the side of the path, as if they were specially left for the moonlight. The color of the trees is gloomy, and at first glance they look like a cloud of smoke; but the beauty of the willows can also be distinguished in the smoke. Faintly looming above the treetops are distant mountains, just a general outline. There are one or two street lights leaking through the cracks in the trees, looking listless like sleepy eyes. The liveliest sounds at this time were the cicadas chirruping on the trees and the frogs croaking in the water; but the excitement was theirs and I enjoyed nothing.
10. Wen Tianxiang's "Afterword to the Guide"
Whoops! If you give it to the dead, you don’t know how many they have! He deserved death for slandering the chief; he deserved death for scolding the traitor; he spent twenty days with the noble chief, arguing over the merits, and deserved death many times; he went to Jingkou, carrying a dagger in case of an unexpected incident, and almost committed suicide; he passed the Beijian for more than ten miles, and he was on patrol. When looking for boats, a few died in the belly of a fish; when Zhenzhou was driven outside the city gate, a few died wandering; for example, in Yangzhou, when crossing the Yangtze Bridge in Guazhou, all the people encountered a sentry died; under the city of Yangzhou, people could not help but advance or retreat, and almost always died; sitting down In the siege of Guigongtang, thousands of people rode through its gate, and several of them died at the hands of thieves; in Jiajiazhuang, several people were killed by the patrols; when approaching Gaoyou at night, they lost their way, and several were trapped to death; in the bright bamboo forest, they took shelter , there were dozens of scoundrels on horseback, but few could escape to death; when they reached Gaoyou, the government issued a warning, and some were captured and tied to death; while walking along the Chengzi River, they went in and out among the corpses, boats and sentries came one after another, and several met and died; when they arrived at Hailing, , as high as the sand, there is always the fear of innocent death; from Haian to Rugao, three hundred miles away, with the bandits coming and going in the north, there is no day to die; to Tongzhou, there is almost no chance of dying; in a small boat, you can wade out of the whale wave, there is nothing you can do , and death is a matter of course! Alas! Death and life are matters of day and night, and death means death. However, the state is dangerous and evil, and the views are wrong at all levels, which is beyond the reach of the human world. It’s a painful lesson, no matter how painful it is!
11. Zhang Pu's "Tombstones of Five People"
Ouch! During the Great Eunuch Rebellion, how many people in the world can be counted among the gentry who are able to resist changing their ambitions? But the five people were born in the ranks and never heard the instructions of poetry and books. They were passionate about righteousness and did not care about death. Is this the same reason? Moreover, there are many correctional edicts, and the hook party is arresting all over the world. The soldiers in our county are so angry that they dare not rule again. Waiting for the saint to come out and throw himself into the road, it cannot be said that it takes the efforts of five people.
From this point of view, if the current high-ranking nobles show up to the throne, once they are guilty or escape, they cannot be tolerated far or near, and there are people who have cut off their hair and pretend to be crazy and don’t know where they are, which is humiliating and despicable. Okay, let’s consider the death of five people, how serious it is? Therefore, Duke Zhou of Liaozhou, who was loyal to the court, was given posthumous titles and praises, and was honored after his death; and the five people were also given earth seals and their names were listed on the embankment. People from all over the world worshiped and wept. This is a rare encounter in a hundred generations. Otherwise, if the five men are ordered to protect their leader and live under the roof for the rest of their lives, everyone will be able to be subordinated to them. How can they be able to subjugate heroes, choke the tomb passage, and express the sorrow of their lofty ideals? Therefore, I and other gentlemen from the same society mourned the existence of the stone in the tomb, and recorded it to show that death and life are important, and that the importance of an individual is more important than that of the country.
12. Du Fu's "Ascend the High"
The wind is strong, the apes high in the sky howl in mourning, and the white birds fly back from the clear sand in Zhugong. The endless falling trees rustled, and the endless Yangtze River rolled in.
Wanli is always a guest in the sad autumn, and he has been sick for hundreds of years and only appears on the stage. Difficulty and bitterness hate the frost on the temples, and the wine glass is stained by the new stop.
13. Bai Juyi's "Pipa Parade and Preface"
The Xunyang River sees off guests on the first night, and the maple leaves and flowers rustle in autumn. The master dismounted and was on board the boat. He wanted to drink wine, but there was no orchestra. It's too late to be drunk and happy to say goodbye. When we say goodbye, the vast river is soaked in the moon. Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing on the water, and the host forgot to return home.
Looking for the sound, I secretly asked who was playing the pipa. The sound of the pipa stopped and I was too late to speak. Move the boat closer to invite us to meet each other, add wine, turn back the lights, and resume the banquet. After calling for thousands of times, he came out, still holding the pipa and half covering his face. There are three or two sounds of the strings being plucked by the rotating shaft, and there is emotion before the tune is formed.
The strings muffle the sounds and thoughts, seeming to express dissatisfaction in life. The formalities of the letter were continued with a low eyebrow, telling all the infinite things in one's heart. Lightly gathered, slowly twisted and then picked again, first "Neon Clothes" and then "Green Waist". The big strings are noisy like the rain, and the small strings are like whispers. The bullets are noisy and mixed, and big and small beads fall on the jade plate. The orioles in Guan Guan are talking about the slippery bottom of the flower, and it is difficult to go under the ice of the Youyan Spring. The ice spring is cold and the strings are condensed, and the condensation will never pass the sound for a while. Don't worry and hate yourself. Silence is better than sound at this time. The silver vase was broken, water slurry burst out, and the cavalry stood out with swords and guns. At the end of the song, the plucked strings are carefully drawn, and the four strings sound like cracking silk. The east boat and the west boat are silent, only the white autumn moon can be seen in the middle of the river.
While he was chanting and plucking the strings, he straightened his clothes and tightened his features. She said that she was originally a girl from the capital city, and her family lived under the tomb of shrimp. At the age of 13, he learned the pipa successfully and became the first member of the Jiaofang. Qu Ba once taught good people to be good, but Qiu Niang was always jealous of her makeup. The young people in Wuling are struggling with their heads, and there are countless red silk songs. The tin head is broken into pieces by the grate, and the bloody skirt is stained by wine. This year's laughter will bring back the next, and the autumn moon and spring breeze will pass easily. My younger brother left to join the army and my aunt died, so the color came to me in the morning. There are few horses and pommels in front of the house, and the boss is married to a businessman. Businessmen value profit over separation. The month before last, they went to Fuliang to buy tea. We go to and from the mouth of the river to guard empty boats, and when we go around the boats, the moon shines brightly on the river, and the water is cold. Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about my youth. I cried and cried, and my eyes were red with tears.
I sighed when I heard the pipa playing, and I groaned again when I heard the words. We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before? I resigned from the imperial capital last year and was relegated to Xunyang City where I was sick. There is no music in Xunyang, a remote place, and the sound of silk and bamboo is not heard all year round. I live near the Huanjiang River, where the land is low and humid, and yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow around my house. What did you hear during the day and night? The cuckoo cries and the blood ape moans. On a spring river with flowers facing the autumn moonlight, I often drink wine alone while drinking. Are there no folk songs and village flutes? It's hard to listen to the vomiting and muttering. Tonight, hearing your pipa music makes my ears suddenly bright as if listening to fairy music. Mo Cigeng sat down to play a piece of music and translated it into a pipa line for you.
I feel like I have been saying this for a long time, but sitting down makes the strings turn sharply. It's so sad that it's not like the forward sound, and everyone in the house weeps when they hear it again. Who cried the most in the audience? Jiangzhou Sima’s green shirt was wet.
Zhuang Sheng was fascinated by butterflies in his morning dream, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart filled with cuckoos.
The moon in the sea has tears, and the sun in Lantian is warm and jade produces smoke. This feeling can be recalled later, but it was already at a loss.
15. Li Yu's "Poppy Poppies"
When are the spring flowers and autumn moon? How much do you know about the past? There was an east wind in the small building last night, and the motherland could not bear to look back at the bright moon.
The carved lanterns and jade bricks should still be there, but the beauty has changed. How much sorrow can you have? Just like a river of spring water flowing eastward.
The curtain is light and cold, and the swallows fly away. The bright moon does not know the pain of separation, and the slanting light penetrates Zhuhu at dawn.
The west wind withered the green trees last night. Climb a tall building alone and look out to the end of the world. If you want to send colorful notes and rulers, where can you tell if the mountains are long and the rivers are vast?
17. "Rain Bell" by Liu Yong
The chilling cicadas are mournful, facing the pavilion at night, and the showers have begun to stop. There is no trace of drinking in the capital tent, and the orchid boat urges you to stay in the place of nostalgia. Holding hands and looking into tearful eyes, they were speechless and choked. Thoughts go by, thousands of miles of mist, the dusk is heavy and the sky is vast. Since ancient times, sentimental feelings have been hurt by separation, and even more embarrassing and neglected Qingqiu Festival! Where will you wake up tonight? Willow bank, dawn wind and waning moon. After so many years, it should be a good time and good scenery. Even if there are thousands of styles, who can tell them!
*18. "Slow Voice" by Li Qingzhao
Looking and searching, deserted and miserable. It is most difficult to breathe when it is suddenly warm and then cold. Three cups and two cups of light wine, how can I defeat him? The wind comes late and the wind comes in a hurry! The geese have passed by, and I am sad, but we are old acquaintances.
The ground is covered with yellow flowers. Haggard and damaged, who is worthy of being picked off now? Watching the window, how can you be alone in darkness! The phoenix trees are covered with drizzle, and it rains bit by bit at dusk. This time, how could there be such a thing as "sorrow"!
When she was born in six months, her loving father lost her favor. My grandmother, Liu Minchen, was left alone, and she was ill at the age of nine. There are no uncles, and there are no brothers. The family is weak, and there are no close relatives outside. There is no independent child within five feet, and Liu Suying is sick and often lies in bed. Served with soup and medicine, he was never abandoned. . The imperial edict is hereby issued. I am seeking favors from my country, but I am humble enough to serve in the East Palace. I will not be able to report the death of my ministers. If I refuse to take office, I will be punished by the edict. The minister is arrogant. The prefectures and counties are forcing him to go to the door. If he wants to follow the imperial edict, he will be in trouble. .
The Fuwei Holy Dynasty governed the world with filial piety. Da, don't be shy about your reputation. I am a humble prisoner in the country. I have been promoted by the emperor and have a good life. How dare I hang around and have any hope? But the sun is thinning in the west, and my life is in danger. If I don’t have my grandmother, I won’t be able to live till now; if my grandmother doesn’t have my father, I won’t be able to survive for the rest of my life. The two of them are closely related to each other.
Chen Mi is 40 years old this year. Liu is sixty-nine this year. The time for me to devote myself to Your Majesty is long, but the time for repaying Liu's support is short. I am willing to beg for support.
The hardships of my ministers are not only seen by the people of Shu and the shepherds of the two states; the emperors, emperors and queens of the country have learned from it. May your Majesty be prudent and sincere, listen to your ministers' ambitions, and may your concubines be lucky enough to survive for more than a few years. When you are alive, you should be dead, and when you are dead, you should be weeded. I am overwhelmed by the fear of dogs and horses, and I would like to express my gratitude to you! "
*21. Wang Shifu's "Farewell at the Long Pavilion"
[Good and Right] The sky is blue, the ground is yellow, the west wind is strong, and the wild geese flying from the north to the south. Who is drunk in the frost forest at dawn? It is the tears of separation.
[Rolling Hydrangea] I hate seeing each other too late, and I hate that the willow tree is so long that it is difficult to tie it up, and I hate that the horse's passing light is caught in the sparse forest. , the car followed me quickly, but I told you that I wanted to avoid it, and I left early when I heard the sound of "Go", I loosened my gold chain; I saw the ten-mile long pavilion in the distance, and I lost my jade skin: Who knows this hate?
[Yisha] The green mountains separate us, the sparse forest is not beautiful, and the light smoke and dusk cover each other. There is no one talking on the ancient road at sunset, and the autumn wind listens to the horses neighing. Why am I too lazy to get in the car? Hurry, how late is it to leave?
[Ending] In the surrounding mountains, the lingering light of the world fills my mind. How can these big and small cars afford it? 22. Zhuangzi's "Xiaoyaoyou"
There is a fish in the North Ming Dynasty, and its name is Kun. It is so big that I don't know how many miles it is. It turned into a bird, and I don't know its name is Peng. It is thousands of miles away; it flies in anger, its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky, and the sea will migrate to Nanming.
"Qixie". It is said in "Xie": "The Peng migrates to Nanming, and the water hits it for three thousand miles, and it surges upward for ninety thousand miles, and then it rests for six months. "Wild horses are like wild horses, and dust is like the breath of living things. The sky is blue, is it righteous and evil? Is it far away and nowhere is it extremely evil? It looks down, and if it is, that's it.
And If the water accumulation is not thick, the boat will not be able to carry it. If a cup of water is placed on the col, the boat will be glued. The water is shallow and the boat is not large enough. , then it has no power to carry its big wings. Therefore, the wind is blowing down for ninety thousand miles, and then it is Jin Peifeng; the one who carries the blue sky and Mo Zhi Yaolan is then Jin Jiang Tunan.
*23 , Qu Yuan's "Li Sao"
I took a long breath to cover my tears, mourning the hardships of the people's lives.
I still have good intentions, and I still have no regrets even though I died nine times. >
The road is far away, so I will search high and low.
"Selected Readings from The Analects of Confucius"
1. Governance based on virtue
Confucius said: Government should be based on virtue, just like Beichen, who lives in his place and the stars are attacking him (2.1)
Confucius said: The government is governed by the way, and the people are punished by punishment, so that the people can avoid it and be shameless. ; The way is based on virtue, and the harmony is based on courtesy. (2.3)
Confucius said: "If your body is upright, you will not follow orders; if you are not upright, you will not follow orders." ( 13.6)
Confucius said: “Ask! A gentleman says something to a sick man, but he must do what he wants. Qiu also heard that those who have a country and a family are not worried about being few but about inequality, and they are not worried about poverty but being uneasy. There is no poverty in Gaijun, there is no widowhood in harmony, and there is no inclination in peace. If this is the case, if people from afar are dissatisfied, then they should cultivate their virtues and come to them. Once they come, they will be at peace with them. Now you and Qiu are in love with your master. People from afar are unwilling to obey and cannot come. The country is falling apart and unable to defend it, and they are plotting war within the country. I am afraid that Ji Sun's worries are not in Zhuan Yu, but within Xiao Qiang. "(16.1)
4. Know it is impossible and do it
Chu Kuang took the song and passed Confucius, saying: "Phoenix! Feng Xi! What a decline in virtue! Those who have gone by cannot be admonished, but those who have come can still be pursued. That’s it! That’s it! Today’s politicians are in danger! "
Confucius came down and wanted to talk to him. He tried to avoid him, but he was not allowed to talk to him. (18.5)
Zilu said: "There is no righteousness if you are not an official. The bond between elder and young cannot be abolished; the righteousness between king and minister is as good as this, why should it be abolished? If you want to clean your body, you will mess with your family. A gentleman's official position is to act righteously. It is already known that the Tao is not working. " (18.7)
5. A benevolent person loves others
Confucius said: "When a disciple enters, he will be filial, and when he goes out, he will be a brother. He will be sincere and trustworthy, love everyone and be kind. If you have enough energy to do it, study literature. " (1.6)
Yan Yuan and Ji Lushi. Confucius said: "Yong Ge said your ambition? ”
Zilu said: “I hope that my carriage, horse, clothing, and light fur will make love with my friends, and I will have no regrets about it.” ”
Yan Yuan said: “I wish there would be no cutting off good deeds and no giving of hard work. "
Zilu said: "I would like to hear your ambition! ”
Confucius said: “The old take care of it, the friends trust it, and the young cherish it.” " (5.26)
11. Be tireless in teaching
Confucius said: "If you are not angry, you will not be enlightened; if you are not angry, you will not be angry. If you take one corner and don't turn it back with three, it won't happen again. "(7.8)
Zilu asked: "What have you heard and done? Confucius said: "How can I hear this and do it when my father and brother are here?" "
Ran You asked: "Have you heard anything about this? Confucius said: "Hear this and do it." ”
Gong Xihua said: “You asked, ‘I have heard this and done all this’, and Zi said, ‘Are my father and brother here? Of'. Chi Ye is confused and dares to ask. ” Confucius said: “ Seeking means retreating, so we advance; relying on others also attracts people, so we retreat. "(11.22)
Thirteen, Yishui Spring Breeze
"Dian, what are you doing? "The sound of the drum and the sound of the sesame is very good, and it was written without the sesame. He said to him: "It is different from the writings of the three sons. Confucius said: "What's the harm?" Each also expressed his ambition. "Said: "Mo Chun, the spring clothes are ready, five or six people with crowns, six or seven boys, bathing in Yi, the wind is dancing with Uzus, chanting and returning. "The Master sighed and said, "I am with Dian.
" (11.26)
2. To restrain oneself and restore propriety
Yan Yuan asked about benevolence. Confucius said: "To restrain oneself and restore propriety is benevolence. If one day restrains oneself and returns to ritual, the world will return to benevolence. Is it up to oneself to be benevolent, rather than up to others? "
Yan Yuan said: "May I ask about its eyes? Confucius said: "Don't look at anything that's not polite, don't hear anything that's not polite, don't say anything that's not polite, don't do anything that's not polite." "
Yan Yuan said: "Although I am not very sensitive, please tell me this! "(12.1)
Confucius said to the Ji family: "Eight people dancing in the court are tolerable, but who can't be tolerated? "(3.1)
Confucius said: "If the world has the Way, rituals and music will come from the emperor; if there is no Way, then the rituals and music will come from the princes. From the princes, the hope for ten generations will not be lost; from the official, the hope for the fifth life will not be lost; from the accompanying ministers to carry out the country's orders, the hope for the third life will not be lost. If there is a way in the world, the government will not be governed by the officials. If there is a way in the world, the common people will not discuss it. "(16.2)
Zilu said: "The king of Wei waits for his son to serve in politics, but the son will be the first to make fun of him? Confucius said: "The name must be corrected!" Zilu said, "Yes, it is true that Zilu is devious!" Ridicule Qizheng? "Confucius said: "How wild! Why! If a gentleman does not know what he knows, it will be like a trap. If the name is not correct, the words will not go smoothly; if the words do not go well, the things will not be done; if the things will not be done, the rituals and music will not flourish; the rituals and music will not flourish. If the punishment is not correct, then the people will do nothing wrong. Therefore, a gentleman's name must be eloquent, and his words must be practical. (13.3)
< p>6. The Style of a GentlemanConfucius said: "A man with lofty ideals and a benevolent person does not seek life to harm his benevolence, but he kills himself to fulfill his benevolence." "(15.9)
Confucius said: "A gentleman is likened to righteousness, and a villain is likened to benefit. "(4.16)
Confucius said: "You are so virtuous, come back! A basket of food and a ladle of drink, in the back alleys, people can't bear the worries, and they won't change their happiness when they return. Xian Zai, come back! "(6.11)
Confucius said: "If you eat sparingly (1) and drink water, if you bend your arms (2) and rest your head on it, you will also enjoy it. Being rich and noble without justice is like a floating cloud to me. "(7.16)
Confucius said: "The wise are happy in water, the benevolent are happy in mountains; the wise are active, the benevolent are still; the wise are happy, the benevolent are long-lived" (6.23)
Zengzi said: “Soil cannot live without generosity, and the road ahead is long and arduous. Isn't it important to be benevolent as one's own responsibility? Isn't it just a matter of time before death? "(8.7)
8. A gentleman is not in comparison with others
A gentleman is in comparison with others but is not in comparison with others. (2.14)
Confucius said: "Benefit Those who gain will have three friends, and those who lose will have three friends. Friends who are straight, friends who are understanding, and friends who are knowledgeable are beneficial. If you have friends, you will be brave. If you are friendly, you will be gentle. If you have friends, you will be sycophantic, which is a loss. "(16.4)
A gentleman does not use his words to promote others, nor does he use others to trash his words. (15.23)
A gentleman uses literature to make friends, and friends to support benevolence. (12.24)
Twelve, the high mountains stand still
In Wucheng, when I heard the sound of string singing, the master smiled and said, "How can I use an ox knife to cut a chicken?" Ziyou replied: "In the past, Yan also heard the masters say: 'A gentleman will love others when he learns the Tao, and a villain will be easy to do when he learns the Tao.'" ’”
Confucius said: “Two or three sons! Yan Zhiyan is right. Preface to the ear of drama. "(17.4)
Yan Yuan sighed and said: "Looking up makes it higher, drilling makes it stronger, looking forward, suddenly it is behind. Master is always good at seducing me. He persuades me with words and invites me with courtesy. I can't stop. After exhausting my talents, if I have established something, I will be outstanding. Although I want to follow it, there is no reason. "(9.11)
14. The Doctrine of the Mean
Zigong asked: "Which one is wiser, Master or Shang? Confucius said: "The teacher is too good, but the businessman is not good enough." ”
Said: “Then the master will be healed?” Confucius said: "To go too far is not enough." "(11.16)
The gentleman is harmonious but different; the villain is homogeneous but not harmonious. (13.23)
Zigong asked: "Everyone in the country likes him, so what? Confucius said: "It's impossible." "
"Everyone in the country hates him, so what? Confucius said: "It's not possible. It's better to be like the good people in the country, and to be evil than the bad people." "(13.24)
Confucius said: "The country is a thief of virtue.
"(17.13)