Original text
Wanglu Mountain Waterfall Part 1
Climb Xianglu Peak to the west and see the waterfall water to the south.
The stream flows three hundred feet and gushes for dozens of miles.
The water is like flying lightning, and it is like a white rainbow rising.
The river was first startled and Han Han fell, half scattered in the sky.
Look up and watch the situation change, it is a magnificent feat of good fortune.
The sea breeze blows constantly, and the moonlight on the river is still empty.
Random shooting in the air washes the blue walls left and right.
The flying beads scatter the light clouds, and the foam boils on the dome stones.
I enjoy the famous mountains and feel at ease about them.
No matter how you rinse your face, you still have to wash your face.
As long as I stay in harmony, I will always wish to die in this world.
Wanglushan Waterfall Part 2
The incense burner produces purple smoke in the sunshine, and you can see the waterfall hanging in front of the river in the distance.
Flying down three thousand feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen into the sky.
Among the two poems, the second is more widely circulated and included in primary school textbooks.
Among them, the poetic meaning of the second song is:
The purple clouds of Xianglu Peak under the sunshine are lingering. From a distance, the waterfall looks like a long white chain, hanging high in the mountains and rivers. between.
The violent water column plunged thousands of feet from the cliff, as if the Milky Way was falling from the clouds.
[Edit this paragraph] Notes
Lushan: One of the famous mountains in my country, it is located in the Poyang Lake Basin in the north of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, within the Lushan District of Jiujiang City.
Xianglu: Xianglu Peak, located in the northwest of Mount Lushan. It is named because it is shaped like an incense burner and the mountain is covered with smoke.
Purple smoke: refers to the purple clouds and water vapor that appear when exposed to sunlight.
Chuan: River, here refers to waterfalls.
Three thousand feet: To describe the height of a mountain, this is an exaggeration, not a real reference.
The Milky Way: also known as the Milky Way. The ancients referred to the band of stars formed by the Milky Way.
Jiutian: The ancients believed that the sky has nine levels, and Jiutian is the highest level of the sky. Here it refers to the extremely high sky.
Looking from a distance.
[Edit this paragraph] Genre
Quatrains
Quatrains originated from the Han Dynasty, took shape in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there were four sentences to one, which was called "coupled sentence". "Wen Xin Diao Long·Ming Poetry" says that "the couplets are full of rhyme, and the remaining parts of Bailiang are the same." The Tang and Song dynasties were the golden age of Chinese classical poetry. Quatrains were popular all over the world, creations flourished, and famous poems were as beautiful as flowers blooming. They were so beautiful that they were unprecedented. Quatrains are also called "quatrains", or "cut sentences" and "broken sentences". Both "cut" and "cut" have the meaning of short cut. According to the explanation of "The Origin of Poetry", quatrain means "cutting a sentence", which means to cut off four lines of the verse, or cut off the first and last couplets, or cut off the first two couplets, the last two couplets, or the middle couplets. Another theory is that it evolved from the "five-character short ancient, seven-character short song". The Tang people gave it a rhythm and finalized it to become a quatrain. Each quatrain consists of four sentences, usually with five or seven characters. They are referred to as Five Absolutes, Seven Absolutes, and occasionally Six Absolutes. Quatrains are divided into Lüjue and Gujue. Lvjue only appeared after the rise of rhymed poetry, and ancient jue existed long before the emergence of rhymed poetry. Xu Ling of the Chen Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty edited "New Odes of Yutai", which has the title of "ancient quatrains". However, although this kind of quatrains rhymes, the zè is relatively free. In other words, some poets are unwilling to be bound by meter. After the popularity of quatrains, ancient quatrains were still used and developed. There are many ancient quatrains with five characters, but few with seven characters.
Lvjue is the same as rhymed poetry. It follows the rhythm of the verses and pays attention to the adhesion.
[Edit this paragraph] About the author
(Tang Dynasty) Li Bai (701-762), Han nationality, named Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, also known as "Exiled Immortal". He is known as the "Poetry Immortal" and is also called "Li Du" together with Du Fu. The body is more than seven feet long (about 1.83 meters). Born in Suiye City, Anxi Protectorate (a desolate place near Xinjiang where his ancestors were exiled), he moved to Changlong County, Mianzhou, Sichuan (today's Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province, this theory is represented by Guo Moruo) when he was young. Born in Qinglian Township, Jiangyou, Sichuan. The great romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty. His poetic style is bold and elegant, with rich imagination, natural language flow, and harmonious and changeable melody. He is good at absorbing nutritional materials from folk songs and myths to form his unique magnificent colors, which is a new peak of positive romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. I am known as the "Poetic Immortal". Han Yuyun: "Li Du's articles are as bright as ever." ("Tiao Zhang Ji"). Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty named Li Bai's poems, Pei Min's sword dance, and Zhang Xu's cursive script as the "Three Wonders". Li Bai's swordsmanship ranked second in the Tang Dynasty (below Pei Min). However, if Li Bai abandoned literature and turned to martial arts and concentrated on studying swordsmanship, I believe he would be no less than Pei Min. Together with Li Shangyin and Li He, they were called the "Three Lis" of the Tang Dynasty. When he was young, Li Bai was a chivalrous man who drew his sword to help when he encountered injustice (this is related to one of his three major thoughts, chivalrous thought). There are several records about this in "Unofficial History".
Li Bai’s ancestral home was in Chengji, Longxi (now Jingning County, Gansu Province). In the late Sui Dynasty, he migrated to Suiye City in Central Asia (near Tokmak in northern Kyrgyzstan) to avoid chaos (some say he was exiled). , Li Bai was born here. He spent most of his life wandering. When he was five years old, his family moved to Mianzhou Mingming County (now Jiangyou, Sichuan). When he was twenty years old, he left Sichuan alone and began to roam extensively, from Dongting to the Xiangjiang River in the south, to Wu and Yue in the east, and lived in (today's Anlu City, Hubei Province).
He traveled around, hoping to make friends and meet celebrities, so that he could be recommended and climb to a high position to realize his political ideals and ambitions. However, after ten years of wandering, nothing was achieved. He continued to travel north to Taiyuan and Chang'an, to the east to Qi and Lu, and settled in Rencheng, Shandong (now Jining, Shandong). By this time, he had made friends with many celebrities, composed a large number of excellent poems, and his poems were famous all over the world. In the early years of Tianbao, he was recommended by the Taoist Wu Yun. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty called him to Beijing and ordered him to serve the Imperial Academy. Soon, due to the slander of the powerful, he was squeezed out of Beijing in the third or fourth year of Tianbao (744 or 745 AD). After that, he wandered around the Jiang and Huai areas, feeling extremely depressed.
Li Bai lived in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty. He had the progressive ideal of "helping the common people" and "anli Yuan", and worked hard to realize this ideal throughout his life. His large number of poems not only reflected the prosperity of that era, but also exposed and criticized the dissoluteness and corruption of the ruling group, showing his positive spirit of contempt for the powerful, resisting the constraints of tradition, and pursuing freedom and ideals. In terms of art, his poems have novel imagination, strange conception, strong emotions, magnificent artistic conception, fresh and bright language, powerful and magnificent momentum, and bold and unrestrained style, forming a bold and ultra-stepping artistic style, which has reached the level of positive romantic poetry art in ancient my country. peak. There are nearly a thousand poems in existence, including "Collection of Li Taibai". He is a representative figure of romantic poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
He combines the thoughts of Taoist, Ranger, and Assassin (he once worked as an assassin).
[Edit this paragraph] Translation
Purple smoke rises from Xianglu Peak illuminated by the sun.
From a distance, the waterfall looks like a piece of white chain hanging in front of the mountain.
The water flows down from a height of three thousand feet,
It seems like the brilliant Milky Way water falling from the sky.
[Edit this paragraph] Appreciation
The incense burner refers to the incense burner peak of Mount Lu. History "Taiping Huanyu Ji"). However, in the writings of the poet Li Bai, it became a different scene: a towering incense burner slowly rose up into clouds of white smoke, misty among the green mountains and blue sky, and turned into a purple cloud under the irradiation of the red sun. This not only renders Xianglu Peak more beautiful, but is also full of romanticism and creates an unusual background for the unusual waterfall. Then the poet moved his sight to the waterfall on the mountain wall. "Looking at the waterfall in the distance and Guaqianchuan", the first four characters are the title; "Guaqianchuan" is the first image of "looking". The waterfall is like a huge white chain hanging high between the mountains and rivers. The word "hang" is very wonderful. It turns movement into stillness, vividly showing the image of a pouring waterfall when viewed "from a distance". Who can "hang" this giant thing? "What a great creation!" Therefore, the word "hang" also contains the poet's praise of the magical power of nature. The third sentence also describes the dynamics of the waterfall. "Flying down three thousand feet", each stroke is swaying and every word is sonorous and powerful. The word "fly" describes the scene of the waterfall gushing out very vividly; the word "straight down" not only describes the height and steepness of the mountain, but also shows the rapidity of the water flow, and the unstoppable plummeting from high in the sky is as if it is before your eyes. However, the poet still felt that it was not enough, and then wrote another sentence: "It is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen into the sky." It really wants to fall outside the sky, which is shocking to the soul. "Suspected yes" is worth savoring. The poet clearly said it in a daze, and the readers knew it was not the case, but they all felt that only writing in this way would be more vivid and realistic. The mystery lies in the fact that the poet's previous description has already given birth to this idea. An image. Look! The towering Xianglu Peak is hidden in the clouds and mist. Looking at the waterfall from a distance, it looks like it is flying down from the clouds and falling in the sky. This naturally makes people think that it is like a Milky Way falling from the sky. It can be seen that although the metaphor "suspected of the Milky Way falling into the sky" is strange, it does not come out of thin air in the poem, but arises naturally from the depiction of the image. It is exaggerated yet natural, novel yet real, thus inspiring the whole article and making the whole image more colorful, majestic and magnificent. It not only leaves a deep impression on people, but also leaves room for imagination and shows that It shows Li Bai's artistic style of "a sudden drop of thousands of miles, but still strong at the end". It's so beautiful!
Wei Qingzhi of the Song Dynasty said: "The fifth character of a seven-character poem must be resounding. ... The so-called resounding person is dedicated to his work." ("Poet Jade Chips") This view seems to be particularly special in this poem Be convincing. For example, the word "生" not only makes Xianglu Peak "alive", but also vaguely expresses the scene of smoke and clouds rising and floating in the mountains. The word "hang" has been mentioned before, and the word "fall" is also very exciting. It vividly depicts the majestic momentum of the sudden high altitude and the pouring of the huge current. It is difficult to imagine what this poem would look like if these three words were replaced.
The poet Xu Ning of the Mid-Tang Dynasty also wrote a poem "Lushan Waterfall". The poem goes: "The spring falls in the sky and rises thousands of feet straight, and the thunder rushes into the river without stopping. The eternity is as long as a white fly, and a boundary breaks through the green mountains." Although the scene is not small, it still gives people a sense of crampedness, probably because of it There are waterfalls, waterfalls... all around. It looks very solid and formal. Although it is a small poem, it has the flavor of a big poem. Compared with Li Bai's kind of inner and outer, tangible and spiritual, unrestrained and ethereal, it is really far away. No wonder Su Shi said: "The Emperor sent the Yinhe River to a sect, and in ancient times there were only poems about banishing immortals. How many people know how much the flying water and splashing foam can't wash away the bad poems with Xu Ning." ("Playing with Xu Ning's Waterfall Poems") Although the words are not without extremes. , but its basic tendency is still correct, showing that Su Shi is not only a famous poet, but also an insightful connoisseur.
[Edit this paragraph] Appreciation of Famous Sentences
——"Flying down three thousand feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen into the sky"
The scenery of Mount Lushan is beautiful, including Xianglu Peak The waterfall is particularly spectacular. The poet wrote this quatrain with great excitement. The first two sentences generally describe the majestic scene of Xianglufeng Waterfall. The first sentence starts from Xianglu Peak. Under the bright sunshine, the gentle water vapor turns into purple mist, giving people a hazy beauty. The second sentence describes the waterfall. The word "hang" vividly describes the momentum of the waterfall. The two sentences use exaggerated metaphors and romantic imagination to further describe the image of the waterfall. "Fei Liu" describes the high mountains and rapid water, "down" describes the cascading waterfall, and "three thousand feet" exaggerates the magnificence of the waterfall. It can be said that every word is Zhuji, and no one is in vain. The last sentence compares the waterfall to the dazzling Milky Way, which is both vivid and appropriate, and one of the words "suspicious" frankly reveals that it is the poet's imagination, which is meaningful.