Ancient poetry includes poems and songs.
1. From the form of poetry can be divided into:
(1) Ancient poems, including ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Pay attention to the styles of ancient poetry such as Song, Song Xing, Quotations, Qu and Ling, which also belong to ancient poetry. Classical poetry does not talk about antithesis and rhymes freely. The development track of classical poetry: The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Jian 'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati five-character poems → Tang Dynasty Ancient Style New Yuefu.
② Modern poetry, including metrical poems and quatrains.
③ Ci, also known as Yu Shi, long and short sentences, Qu Zi, Qu Zi, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number and the word has a fixed tone. According to different words, it can be divided into long tone (9 1 word or more), middle tone (59-90 words) and short tone (58 words or less). Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monosyllabic is only one paragraph. A paragraph of a word is called a que or an article, the first paragraph is called Qianque, Shangque and Shangpian, and the second paragraph is called Houque, Xiaque and Xiapian.
④ Qu, also known as Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and songs. The number of songs is a coherent set of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune. It has no guests, but only oratorios.
2. From the theme of poetry can be divided into:
Lyrics about scenery, lyrics about scenic spots and natural scenery. Because of their dissatisfaction with reality, some ancient poets often attached their feelings to mountains and rivers, and expressed their thoughts and feelings by describing the scenery of rivers and lakes and natural scenery. This kind of poetry often contains the feelings expressed by the scenery described later, which is what people often say. Its style is fresh and natural.
(2) Poetry is expressed by chanting things, in which the poet describes the shape, characteristics, charm and personality of chanting things, so as to entrust the poet's own feelings and express the poet's spirit, quality or ideal.
(3) I feel nostalgic about poetry, because one thing causes the poet's feelings, such as homesickness, homesickness and friends.
(4) Memorizing the past and chanting epic poems, taking historical allusions as the theme, or expressing their opinions, or satirizing the present through the past, or expressing vicissitudes of life.
⑤ Poems describing frontier battles, describing frontier scenery and the military life of frontier soldiers, or expressing optimism and heroism or homesickness, with tragic style and bold brushwork.
Metric: the general name for the formal requirements of classical poetry. "Ge" is the format, including the number of sentences in a certain poetic style, the number of words in each sentence, the rhythm, the format (sentence pattern) of some sentences, antithesis (similar to rhetoric "duality") and so on. "Rhythm" is rhythm, including the level of each word in each sentence, the rhyme of the sentence, the requirements of rhyme and so on.
From the perspective of meter, poetry can be divided into classical poetry and modern poetry. Ancient poetry is also called ancient poetry or ancient style; Modern poetry is also called modern poetry or metrical poetry, including quatrains. From the word count, there are four-character poems, five-character poems, six-character poems and seven-character poems. There are few four-character poems and six-character poems.
Classical poetry is written in the style of ancient poetry. To put it simply, any poem that is not written according to the rhythm of modern poetry and is not bound by the rhythm of modern poetry is a classical poem (regardless of this book).
Modern poetry can be roughly divided into three types: regular poetry, exclusive poetry and quatrains.
Modern poetry is represented by metrical poetry, which is written according to certain rules. Although there are many exquisite rhymes, even lines, antithesis and so on. Metric poetry mainly has the following four characteristics:
(1) Each song is limited to eight sentences, with 40 words in five laws and 56 words in seven laws;
(2) They are all rhymed;
(3) stipulate the level of each sentence;
(4) Every song should have antithesis, and the position of antithesis is also stipulated.
There is a kind of metrical poem with more than eight sentences, which is called long law. The long law is generally five words, and the number of rhymes is often marked on the topic. For example, Wang Wei's "Henan Yan Yin Di visits others to give ten rhymes" is one hundred words; Bai Juyi's "Poems with Hundred Rhymes" is a thousand words. This long method uses antithesis except tail (or head-tail), so it is also called parallelism.
The number of words in quatrains is half less than that in metrical poems, which is equivalent to half a metrical poem in form, so metrical requirements are the same as metrical poems.