Different: The Sophist movement advocates that human beings are the measure of all things. Greek mythology is all myths about the gods, heroes, nature and universe history of the ancient Greeks. It advocates giving myths to fantasy works that deviate from the facts. middle.
Sophist Movement:
The earliest and most important representatives of the Sophists are Protagoras and Gorgias, and their thoughts laid the foundation of the Sophist doctrine. Other representative figures include: Prodicus, Hippias, Antiphon, Trasimachus and Critias. Due to the loss of historical materials, people know very little about their life stories and writings. The study of sophists is mainly based on the records and retellings of the activities and judgments of sophists in the relevant works of Plato, Aristotle, Sextus Empiricus and others. The Wise Men do not have a unified organization, and their political attitudes are not the same. They are not an independent sect. However, in terms of ideological doctrines, their views and basic tendencies are relatively consistent. They accepted Heraclitus's idea of ??the flux of all things, affirmed the authenticity of the changing sensory phenomena, and opposed the Eleatic school's view of denying the role of perceptual knowledge. However, they also moved towards relativism and skepticism, believing that knowledge is feeling. It doesn't matter what is true or false, just use personal feelings as the standard of truth. Protagoras' famous proposition "Man is the measure of all things" is a typical expression of this idea.
The wise man also has the ideological elements of naive dialectics. Protagoras developed Empedocles' idea that sensible things are a mixture of opposite qualities, and further proposed that every problem has opposing aspects. Through three arguments on "non-existence", Gorgias refuted the Eleatic school's metaphysical view of denying non-existence, revealed the difference between thinking and existence, and came into contact with the connection and transformation of existence and non-existence. Wise men believe that political and legal systems and moral norms are formed by human beings living together for a long time. They are the products of people's conventions in order to avoid being destroyed in killing each other. This reflected the desire of the democrats at that time to break away from old traditions and ideas. In order to oppose the constraints of traditional ideas and religious myths, they also tried to belittle the authority of God and deny the traditional image of God. There are flaws in the thoughts of wise men. They promote relativism and skepticism, believe that things and the truth and falsehood are based on personal feelings, and are keen on the superficial persuasion of language and logic, and are bound to fall into subjective idealism in cognition.
The late wise men took advantage of this and became obsessed with playing with concepts and word games, becoming sophists. Later, these ideas had a negative impact in history and became the source of ideas for the skeptical school. But the thoughts of the wise also contain positive content that plays an important role in the history of philosophy. It announced the end of ancient Greek natural philosophy with cosmogenesis as its research object, and opened up the path of transformation from natural philosophy to the philosophy of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. It explored the relationship between subject and object, and affirmed Understanding the active role of the subject reveals the difference between thinking and existence, all of which marks the deepening of philosophical research; it breaks through the shackles of traditional religious myths and denies God's intervention in political and legal systems, moral customs and other human social life phenomena. Emphasizing the creative role of man in the face of natural forces and in social life has obvious anti-theological significance; its conventionalism idea is the theoretical basis of slave-owning democracy. It not only inspired the ancient Epicurus and Lucretius , also had a profound impact on the social contract theory of the modern Western bourgeoisie.
Greek Mythology:
Mythological narratives play an important role in almost every piece of Greek literature. Nonetheless, the Biblioteca is the only surviving manuscript of Greek mythology from the ancient Greek period. This work contains a large amount of original information about Greek mythology (such as the genealogy of the gods), mainly heroic myths, and is an important document for modern scholars to study ancient Greek mythology. Because Apollodorus, who lived from 180 to 120 BC, completed many related works based on it, it is now customary to call the author of the book "Pseudo-Apolodorus".
The earliest references are Homer's two epic poems: "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey". Other epics in this area have been attributed to the "Epic Collection", but these works are basically unreliable today. Although this collection was originally called the "Homeric Hymns," it actually has nothing to do with Homer; they are actually hymns handed down from an earlier period known as the Lyric Period. Hesiod, a poet basically contemporary with Homer, comprehensively recorded early Greek myths about the formation of the world, the origin of the gods, Titans and giants, as well as detailed genealogy, folklore, human beings in his work "Theogony" Myths about disease history. Hesiod's "Works and Days" systematically recorded the knowledge of farming production at that time and showed a calm and beautiful scene of rural life. It includes descriptions of Prometheus, Pandora, and the Five Ages. These psalms give advice and an overview of the best way to live during that dangerous time.
Lyric poems often use mythology as a background, but their descriptions often deviate from fact and add more to the author's fantasy.
The more famous lyric poets of ancient Greece include Pindar, Byclides, Simonides and the pastoral poets Theocritos and Beon. Their works contain a large number of mythological elements. In addition, myth is also a central theme of classical Athenian drama. Most of the tragedies of the three great tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides are based on the heroes of the mythical age and the Trojan War. Many famous tragic stories (such as Agamemnon and his children, Oedipus, Jason and Medea, etc.) are used as themes in classical tragedies. The comedian Aristophanes also used mythology as a theme in his works "The Bird" and "The Frog".