If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan. [Note] 1. Frontier fortress is a common theme for poets in Tang Dynasty to write poems about frontier fortress life.
2. Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty and Customs in Han Dynasty: Bright Moon and Customs in Qin and Han Dynasties. This means that the war has never stopped on the long border.
3. but manufacturing: as long as. 4. Flying generals in Dragon City: refers to Li Guang, a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty.
The invading Huns were afraid of him and called him "General Fei". This refers to a brave general.
Huma: refers to foreign cavalry invading the mainland. 6. Yinshan Mountain: In today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ancient times are often used to resist the invasion of Xiongnu.
[Analysis] This is a famous frontier fortress poem, which shows that the poet hopes to be a good general, quell the frontier fortress war as soon as possible and let the people live a stable life. The poet starts with the scenery, and the first sentence outlines a desolate scene of Leng Yue's filming the border crossing.
"The Moon of Qin Dynasty was broken in Han Dynasty" cannot be understood as the Moon of Qin Dynasty was broken in Han Dynasty. Here, Qin, Han, Guan and Yue are used alternately, which is called intertextuality in rhetoric, meaning bright moon in Qin and Han dynasties and Guan in Qin and Han dynasties.
The poet hinted that the war here has never stopped since Qin and Han dynasties, highlighting the long time. The second sentence "The Long March has not returned" and "Wan Li" mean that the frontier fortress and the mainland are far from Wan Li. Although it is empty, it highlights the vastness of space.
The Return of Man reminds people of the disaster brought by the war and expresses the poet's grief and indignation. How can we get rid of people's difficulties? The poet pinned his hopes on a brilliant general.
"But make Longcheng fly, and don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain." As long as Li Guang, the flying general guarding Liuzhou, is still alive, he won't let the Hu people's cavalry cross the Yinshan Mountain.
"Dragon City Flying General Army" refers to Li Guang, a famous soldier who was guarding Lulong City by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was brave and good at fighting, and defeated Xiongnu many times. "Don't teach" is not allowed, and the word "teach" is pronounced flat; "Huma" here refers to the cavalry invaded by foreign countries.
"crossing Yinshan", crossing Yinshan. Yinshan Mountain is a big mountain range in the east-west direction in the north, and it is the natural barrier of the northern border defense in Han Dynasty.
The last two sentences are written implicitly and skillfully, which makes people draw the necessary conclusions by comparing the past. This poem is called the masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty.
Tragic but not sad, generous but not shallow, Wang's poem "Out of the Fortress" is two, and this poem is the first. Cao Cao Zhizhi (192-233) was completed.
Pei Guoqiao (now Bo County, Anhui Province) was born. An outstanding poet in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty.
The name of Cao Cao's third son is Chen Wangsi. Because of his rich talents, he was favored by Cao Cao in his early years. He once wanted to be a prince, but he fell out of favor.
In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), the plain was closed, and in the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), it was changed to Linzi. In the second year of Huang Chu's stay in Wei Wendi (22 1), King Juan changed his name.
After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was suspected and persecuted by Cao Pi, and was demoted many times and changed his fief. After Xelloss's death, Cao Rui, Xelloss's son, acceded to the throne. Cao Zhi wrote several times in the hope of being appointed, but failed to do so, and finally died of depression at the age of 4 1.
Jian 'an period in literary history refers to the period from Jian 'an to Wei Chu. The literature of this period is marked by the achievements of poetry.
Many works can draw nutrition from the folk songs of Han Yuefu, reflect the pain of social unrest and people's displacement, and reflect the desire for national unity, with generous words and rich language. Later generations praised the elegance and boldness of these works with "Jian 'an Style".
But some chapters show the idea of negative birth. The representative figures in this period are Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi, Jian 'an Qizi and so on.
Cao Zhi's life and creation are divided into two periods with Cao Pi as the boundary. A few works in the early stage show social unrest and their own ambitions, and the tone of poetry is cheerful and heroic.
Such as "White Horse" and "Song Ying's". His later works reflect his depressed emotions, and some poems are mixed with strong negative thoughts.
His poems make good use of metaphors, concise language and Hua Mao's words, which fully represent the achievements of Jian 'an poetry and have a great influence on the development of five-character poetry. He is also good at poetry and prose.
His "Ode to the Goddess of Luo" is beautiful, full of myth and has great influence, and it is the representative work of lyric small fu in Jian 'an period. There are also famous essays, such as Asking for a Self-Test Table.
Wang Changling introduced the famous poets of Wang Changling, Yu and Tang Dynasty. He was born in the first year of Li Tiansheng, Wu Ze (698) and died in the fifteenth year of Emperor Xuanzong Tianbao (756). There are many versions of Wang Changling's native place, except Taiyuan, Jiangning and Jingzhao.
New Tang Book and Chronicle of Tang Poems said that he was from Jiangning, but there was no direct material, probably because Wang Changling was called "Wang Jiangning" at that time. Wang Changling used to be Jiangning Cheng, and Li Zhao's Supplement to National History and Pei Jing's Tombstone of Hanlin Bachelor called him Wang Jiangning, which is the same as Song Kao Gong and Wei Suzhou, while Song, Wei and Wang all used official titles, so Yu Jiangning also used official titles instead of books.
The Old Book of Tang Dynasty originally said that Wang Changling was from Jingzhao (Chang 'an, Tang Dou, now Xi 'an, Shaanxi), probably because he said in the poem Farewell to the Capital of Lipu that "his hometown is now Baling West" and there is another work "Overlooking the whole city for seclusion". Many Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty have been to Luoyang and Chang 'an because they were the cultural centers at that time, and some even lived in Beijing for many years. Just because they have lived in Beijing, they cannot be called Beijingers.
Photo Collection of He Yueling is a collection of poems edited by Fan Yin in Tang Dynasty. It is believable that Wang Changling is from Taiyuan. Therefore, from He Yueling's Photo Album and Talented Persons in Tang Dynasty, Wang Changling is considered to be from Taiyuan, and now most people also think that he is from Taiyuan. Neither of the two biographies of Tang Dynasty records the time when Wang Changling was admitted to imperial academy, nor does it record Vae's senior high school entrance examination.
Biography of Talented Scholars in Tang Dynasty said that he was a scholar in the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727). Gu Kuang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in the preface to "Collection of Supervising Imperial History and Public Officials" that in the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan, "the young government always built the first place, and Wang Longbiao was old. These people were outstanding at that time."
Gu Kuang's preface is accurate. After Wang Changling was buried, he served as secretary of the provincial school.
From ancient times to the present, school booksellers have been filled by scholars, which is of great significance to the contemporary world. Therefore, scholars call the school library the official of Taoism and the library of Penglai Mountain. In the twenty-second year of Kaiyuan (734), Wang Changling chose erudite macro-words, which was superior to others, so he was appointed as the commandant of Surabaya County.
According to Wang Changling's poems and records, Mr. Zhan was demoted to Lingnan in the 27th year of Kaiyuan (739), which is a new discovery not recorded in historical records. See Li Bai's poems for details. In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling returned to the north and went to Xiangyang.
2. Poems about the social and economic prosperity of the Tang Dynasty Du Fu's "Memories of Time Past" Du Fu's "Memories of Time Past" has two poems, which were written in Chengdu in the second year of Guangde (764).
Write your own memories of Tang Suzong and Xuanzong in your poems. The first one is about "recalling the past in the north" and the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion.
Du Fu wrote poems during the reign of Tang Daizong, so he called Su Zong the first emperor. The second song enviously recalls the economic prosperity and peace of the whole country in the prosperous time of Kaiyuan, hoping that the Tang Dynasty would prosper and let the prosperous time reappear.
The textbook only quotes six sentences at the beginning of the second song of Remembrance of Time Past, and there are 22 sentences below: "Wan Qi Lu Mao caught a class, and men plowed and women wove. The sage in the palace plays the cloud gate, and all friends in the world paint.
There has been no catastrophe for more than 100 years, and Uncle Sun has learned Xiao He's law. Do you smell a piece of silk worth 10 thousand yuan? Today, a field is bleeding.
Luoyang Palace was burnt out, and the Fox and Rabbit Cave was newly demolished in the ancestral hall. I can't bear to ask about my old age, but at the beginning of my fear, I said that I was helpless, and the court remembered the rank of Meng Lu.
Zhou Xuan zhongxing looked at my emperor, spilling blood and Jianghan's physical strength declined. "Tang Xuanzong and Kaiyuan Xuanzong ruled, also known as Tang.
Son of Zong Rui, grandson of Wu Zetian. Rui Zongchao once participated in the killing of Wu and Wei's accomplices, and settled the political turmoil after Wu Zetian's later years.
Acceded to the throne in 7 12, changed to kaiyuan, and changed to another day in 742. Kaiyuan years generally refer to the 29th year of Kaiyuan (7 12~742).
After Tianbao, because the treacherous court official was in power, Anshi Rebellion gradually became a troubled time, also known as Tianbao Rebellion in history. After the Anshi Rebellion, Xuanzong fled to Shu in 756, and the Prince acceded to the throne as Su Zong in the same year.
In 762, Xuanzong died of depression in Chang 'an. During the Kaiyuan period, Xuanzong paid more attention to bureaucracy, appointed talented people Yao Chong and Song as ministers, and reduced redundant officials. Attach importance to economic development, take measures to curb land merger, build water conservancy projects, and organize land reclamation. He also attached importance to the development of culture, education and science and technology, sorted out ancient books, appointed astronomers to reform the new calendar and measure meridian.
At the same time, it also contributed to the harmony of neighboring ethnic groups, the stability of the frontier and friendly exchanges with foreign countries. Yao Chong, Yao Chong and Tang Xuanzong were famous figures in the Kaiyuan period.
In his early years, he was promoted and reused by Wu Zetian, and the official was assistant minister of Fengge (equivalent to deputy prime minister). In the early years of Kaiyuan, it was valued by Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.
A military parade, was called into Yao Chong to discuss the country, want to use more. Yao Chong, on the other hand, talked about Kan Kan and put forward ten suggestions, which are called "ten admonitions" in history.
These ten suggestions include: implementing benevolent government, not greedy for border affairs, being close to the law, eunuchs not participating in court affairs, refusing to build Buddhist temples and Taoist temples, relatives not serving as officials of Taiwan Province, treating courtiers with courtesy and kindness, and taking the exclusive rights of Han people as a warning. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty accepted it gladly and paid a formal visit the next day.
As the successor, Yao Chong promoted advantages and eliminated disadvantages, selected talents and developed production, which laid a political and economic foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), Yao Chong died.
The prosperity of prosperous economy in Kaiyuan period promoted the further development of social economy. At that time, the wasteland was mostly "barren mountains and full of thunder" ("Yuan Ci Shan Zhi").
According to Du You's General Code, in the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), Mount Tai was sealed, reaching thirteen grades, and the Qing Dynasty reached five grades. From then on, there is nothing of value in the world. Two meters is no better than 20 articles, 32 on the surface and 2 10 on a silk horse.
East to the Song Dynasty (now south of Shangqiu, Henan Province), the border (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and west to Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, Jia Lulie's shop is full of guests and full of wine. Every store is rented by donkeys, which is dozens of miles at a time, called donkeys.
There are Jingxiang (now Jingzhou and Xiangfan, Hubei) in the south, Taiyuan and Fanyang (now Beijing) in the north, Shuchuan (now Chengdu, Sichuan) and Fu Liang (now Wuwei, Gansu) in the west, all of which have business shops, which are thousands of miles apart and do not occupy an inch of gold. "It can be seen that at that time, food production was abundant, prices were low, business was prosperous, roads were smooth, and travel was safe.
In the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732), there were 786 private households1.236 households with a population of 4,5431.265, and the initial household registration in Bitang increased by more than one and a half times. During Xuanzong period, Xu Daoxun and Zhao Xiu built more than 40 large-scale water conservancy projects. According to the New Works of Geography of Tang Dynasty, they made water conservancy tables for Xuanzong period.
According to statistics, 38 water conservancy projects, 8 Tianbao projects and 46 projects were built during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The development of farming technology reached the Tang Dynasty. Due to the long-term unification of the country, the society was relatively stable, the agricultural economy in the north recovered and developed rapidly, and more and more intensive farmland was cultivated.
After wheat harvest in many areas, crops such as grain and millet can be planted three times in two years. The agricultural planting technology in the south has made remarkable progress.
First of all, the planting area of high-yield crop rice has increased greatly, and the cultivation method of raising seedlings and transplanting is widely used. In Du Fu's poems, it is described as: "Dongtun (village, village) is in Hebei, with a hundred hectares of flat eucalyptus (case change, long and narrow table);" There are many green rice in June, and thousands of green spring colors are chaotic; Transplantation is suitable for (just now) cloud (as a language aid, meaningless) has been (completed), plus water diversion (Li Yu, water flow) and irrigation. "
At that time, seedlings were transplanted in large areas in Jianghuai area. Secondly, a large number of early rice is planted, which is a kind of early rice that can be harvested in June and July.
Seedling transplanting and early rice planting have created conditions for multiple cropping of wheat or other crops on the same land, which has gradually popularized the farming system of two-year triple cropping in the south, and in some places, double cropping can be carried out once a year. Jiangnan has fertile land, warm climate, abundant rain, long frost-free period, large population and sufficient labor force. In the Song Dynasty, people further improved the land utilization rate and vigorously developed the rice-wheat rotation system.
"Wu Diwo is a material partner. The crops are planted and cooked at the age of one." This farming system of two crops a year appeared in the Tang Dynasty.
New Vegetable Varieties in Tang Dynasty, Social Life History of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and Illustrated History of Ancient Agricultural Science and Technology in China hold that new vegetable varieties in Tang Dynasty include spinach, lettuce and edible fungi. "Illustration of the History of Ancient Agricultural Science and Technology in China" also mentioned that Zizania latifolia was also used as an edible vegetable in the Tang Dynasty.
The book also said: "Zizania latifolia is a unique aquatic vegetable in China, and it is cultivated as a vegetable only in China." Spinach, also known as spinach, was introduced to China from Nepal in the Tang Dynasty.
As for edible fungi, such as artificially cultivated mushrooms, there were original records in the Tang Dynasty, which were recorded in the book Four Seasons. Tea production and drinking methods in Tang Dynasty China is the hometown of tea and the earliest country in the world to grow, produce and drink tea.
Tea was originally considered as a medicinal material. In the long-term medical practice, people realize that tea can not only be used.
3. Historical poems describing the society of Tang Dynasty were named Wang Changling in Qin Dynasty, but the Long March did not return.
If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan. [Note] 1. Frontier fortress is a common theme for poets in Tang Dynasty to write poems about frontier fortress life.
2. Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty and Customs in Han Dynasty: Bright Moon and Customs in Qin and Han Dynasties. This means that the war has never stopped on the long border.
3. but manufacturing: as long as. 4. Flying generals in Dragon City: refers to Li Guang, a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty.
The invading Huns were afraid of him and called him "General Fei". This refers to a brave general.
Huma: refers to foreign cavalry invading the mainland. 6. Yinshan Mountain: In today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ancient times are often used to resist the invasion of Xiongnu.
[Analysis] This is a famous frontier fortress poem, which shows that the poet hopes to be a good general, quell the frontier fortress war as soon as possible and let the people live a stable life. The poet starts with the scenery, and the first sentence outlines a desolate scene of Leng Yue's filming the border crossing.
"The Moon of Qin Dynasty was broken in Han Dynasty" cannot be understood as the Moon of Qin Dynasty was broken in Han Dynasty. Here, Qin, Han, Guan and Yue are used alternately, which is called intertextuality in rhetoric, meaning bright moon in Qin and Han dynasties and Guan in Qin and Han dynasties.
The poet hinted that the war here has never stopped since Qin and Han dynasties, highlighting the long time. The second sentence "The Long March has not returned" and "Wan Li" mean that the frontier fortress and the mainland are far from Wan Li. Although it is empty, it highlights the vastness of space.
The Return of Man reminds people of the disaster brought by the war and expresses the poet's grief and indignation. How can we get rid of people's difficulties? The poet pinned his hopes on a brilliant general.
"But make Longcheng fly, and don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain." As long as Li Guang, the flying general guarding Liuzhou, is still alive, he won't let the Hu people's cavalry cross the Yinshan Mountain.
"Dragon City Flying General Army" refers to Li Guang, a famous soldier who was guarding Lulong City by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was brave and good at fighting, and defeated Xiongnu many times. "Don't teach" is not allowed, and the word "teach" is pronounced flat; "Huma" here refers to the cavalry invaded by foreign countries.
"crossing Yinshan", crossing Yinshan. Yinshan Mountain is a big mountain range in the east-west direction in the north, and it is the natural barrier of the northern border defense in Han Dynasty.
The last two sentences are written implicitly and skillfully, which makes people draw the necessary conclusions by comparing the past. This poem is called the masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty.
Tragic but not sad, generous but not shallow, Wang's poem "Out of the Fortress" is two, and this poem is the first. Cao Cao Zhizhi (192-233) was completed.
Pei Guoqiao (now Bo County, Anhui Province) was born. An outstanding poet in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty.
The name of Cao Cao's third son is Chen Wangsi. Because of his rich talents, he was favored by Cao Cao in his early years. He once wanted to be a prince, but he fell out of favor.
In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), the plain was closed, and in the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), it was changed to Linzi. In the second year of Huang Chu's stay in Wei Wendi (22 1), King Juan changed his name.
After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, he was suspected and persecuted by Cao Pi, and was demoted many times and changed his fief. After Xelloss's death, Cao Rui, Xelloss's son, acceded to the throne. Cao Zhi wrote several times in the hope of being appointed, but failed to do so, and finally died of depression at the age of 4 1.
Jian 'an period in literary history refers to the period from Jian 'an to Wei Chu. The literature of this period is marked by the achievements of poetry.
Many works can draw nutrition from the folk songs of Han Yuefu, reflect the pain of social unrest and people's displacement, and reflect the desire for national unity, with generous words and rich language. Later generations praised the elegance and boldness of these works with "Jian 'an Style".
But some chapters show the idea of negative birth. The representative figures in this period are Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi, Jian 'an Qizi and so on.
Cao Zhi's life and creation are divided into two periods with Cao Pi as the boundary. A few works in the early stage show social unrest and their own ambitions, and the tone of poetry is cheerful and heroic.
Such as "White Horse" and "Song Ying's". His later works reflect his depressed emotions, and some poems are mixed with strong negative thoughts.
His poems make good use of metaphors, concise language and Hua Mao's words, which fully represent the achievements of Jian 'an poetry and have a great influence on the development of five-character poetry. He is also good at poetry and prose.
His "Ode to the Goddess of Luo" is beautiful, full of myth and has great influence, and it is the representative work of lyric small fu in Jian 'an period. There are also famous essays, such as Asking for a Self-Test Table.
Wang Changling introduced the famous poets of Wang Changling, Yu and Tang Dynasty. He was born in the first year of Li Tiansheng, Wu Ze (698) and died in the fifteenth year of Emperor Xuanzong Tianbao (756). There are many versions of Wang Changling's native place, except Taiyuan, Jiangning and Jingzhao.
New Tang Book and Chronicle of Tang Poems said that he was from Jiangning, but there was no direct material, probably because Wang Changling was called "Wang Jiangning" at that time. Wang Changling used to be Jiangning Cheng, and Li Zhao's Supplement to National History and Pei Jing's Tombstone of Hanlin Bachelor called him Wang Jiangning, which is the same as Song Kao Gong and Wei Suzhou, while Song, Wei and Wang all used official titles, so Yu Jiangning also used official titles instead of books.
The Old Book of Tang Dynasty originally said that Wang Changling was from Jingzhao (Chang 'an, Tang Dou, now Xi 'an, Shaanxi), probably because he said in the poem Farewell to the Capital of Lipu that "his hometown is now Baling West" and there is another work "Overlooking the city and living in seclusion". Many Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty have been to Luoyang and Chang 'an because they were the cultural centers at that time, and some even lived in Beijing for many years. Just because they have lived in Beijing, they cannot be called Beijingers.
Photo Collection of He Yueling is a collection of poems edited by Fan Yin in Tang Dynasty. It is believable that Wang Changling is from Taiyuan. Therefore, from He Yueling's Photo Album and Talented Persons in Tang Dynasty, Wang Changling is considered to be from Taiyuan, and now most people also think that he is from Taiyuan. Neither of the two biographies of Tang Dynasty records the time when Wang Changling was admitted to imperial academy, nor does it record Vae's senior high school entrance examination.
Biography of Talented Scholars in Tang Dynasty said that he was a scholar in the 15th year of Kaiyuan (727). Gu Kuang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in the preface to "Collection of Supervising Imperial History and Public Officials" that in the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan, "the young government always built the first place, and Wang Longbiao was old. These people were outstanding at that time."
Gu Kuang's preface is accurate. After Wang Changling was buried, he served as secretary of the provincial school.
From ancient times to the present, school booksellers have been filled by scholars, which is of great significance to the contemporary world. Therefore, scholars call the school library the official of Taoism and the library of Penglai Mountain. In the twenty-second year of Kaiyuan (734), Wang Changling chose erudite macro-words, which was superior to others, so he was appointed as the commandant of Surabaya County.
According to Wang Changling's poems and records, Mr. Zhan was demoted to Lingnan in the 27th year of Kaiyuan (739), which is a new discovery not recorded in historical records. See Li Bai's poems for details. In the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740), Wang Changling returned to the north and went to Xiangyang.
4. Poems about the social and economic prosperity of the Tang Dynasty Du Fu's "Memories of Time Past" Du Fu's "Memories of Time Past" has two poems, which were written in Chengdu in the second year of Guangde (764).
Write your own memories of Tang Suzong and Xuanzong in your poems. The first one is about "recalling the past in the north" and the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion.
Du Fu wrote poems during the reign of Tang Daizong, so he called Su Zong the first emperor. The second song enviously recalls the economic prosperity and peace of the whole country in the prosperous time of Kaiyuan, hoping that the Tang Dynasty would prosper and let the prosperous time reappear.
The textbook only quotes six sentences at the beginning of the second song of Remembrance of Time Past, and there are 22 sentences below: "Wan Qi Lu Mao caught a class, and men plowed and women wove. The sage in the palace plays the cloud gate, and all friends in the world paint.
There has been no catastrophe for more than 100 years, and Uncle Sun has learned Xiao He's law. Do you smell a piece of silk worth 10 thousand yuan? Today, a field is bleeding.
Luoyang Palace was burnt out, and the Fox and Rabbit Cave was newly demolished in the ancestral hall. I can't bear to ask about my old age, but at the beginning of my fear, I said that I was helpless, and the court remembered the rank of Meng Lu.
Zhou Xuan zhongxing looked at my emperor, spilling blood and Jianghan's physical strength declined. "Tang Xuanzong and Kaiyuan Xuanzong ruled, also known as Tang.
Son of Zong Rui, grandson of Wu Zetian. Rui Zongchao once participated in the killing of Wu and Wei's accomplices, and settled the political turmoil after Wu Zetian's later years.
Acceded to the throne in 7 12, changed to kaiyuan, and changed to another day in 742. Kaiyuan years generally refer to the 29th year of Kaiyuan (7 12~742).
After Tianbao, because the treacherous court official was in power, Anshi Rebellion gradually became a troubled time, also known as Tianbao Rebellion in history. After the Anshi Rebellion, Xuanzong fled to Shu in 756, and the Prince acceded to the throne as Su Zong in the same year.
In 762, Xuanzong died of depression in Chang 'an. During the Kaiyuan period, Xuanzong paid more attention to bureaucracy, appointed talented people Yao Chong and Song as ministers, and reduced redundant officials. Attach importance to economic development, take measures to curb land merger, build water conservancy projects, and organize land reclamation. He also attached importance to the development of culture, education and science and technology, sorted out ancient books, appointed astronomers to reform the new calendar and measure meridian.
At the same time, it also contributed to the harmony of neighboring ethnic groups, the stability of the frontier and friendly exchanges with foreign countries. Yao Chong, Yao Chong and Tang Xuanzong were famous figures in the Kaiyuan period.
In his early years, he was promoted and reused by Wu Zetian, and the official was assistant minister of Fengge (equivalent to deputy prime minister). In the early years of Kaiyuan, it was valued by Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.
A military parade, was called into Yao Chong to discuss the country, want to use more. Yao Chong, on the other hand, talked about Kan Kan and put forward ten suggestions, which are called "ten admonitions" in history.
These ten suggestions include: implementing benevolent government, not greedy for border affairs, being close to the law, eunuchs not participating in court affairs, refusing to build Buddhist temples and Taoist temples, relatives not serving as officials of Taiwan Province, treating courtiers with courtesy and kindness, and taking the exclusive rights of Han people as a warning. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty accepted it gladly and paid a formal visit the next day.
As the successor, Yao Chong promoted advantages and eliminated disadvantages, selected talents and developed production, which laid a political and economic foundation for the prosperity of Kaiyuan. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), Yao Chong died.
The prosperity of prosperous economy in Kaiyuan period promoted the further development of social economy. At that time, the wasteland was mostly "barren mountains and full of thunder" ("Yuan Ci Shan Zhi").
According to Du You's General Code, in the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), Mount Tai was sealed, reaching thirteen grades, and the Qing Dynasty reached five grades. From then on, there is nothing of value in the world. Two meters is no better than 20 articles, 32 on the surface and 2 10 on a silk horse.
East to the Song Dynasty (now south of Shangqiu, Henan Province), the border (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) and west to Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province, Jia Lulie's shop is full of guests and full of wine. Every store is rented by donkeys, which is dozens of miles at a time, called donkeys.
There are Jingxiang (now Jingzhou and Xiangfan, Hubei) in the south, Taiyuan and Fanyang (now Beijing) in the north, Shuchuan (now Chengdu, Sichuan) and Fu Liang (now Wuwei, Gansu) in the west, all of which have business shops, which are thousands of miles apart and do not occupy an inch of gold. "It can be seen that at that time, food production was abundant, prices were low, business was prosperous, roads were smooth, and travel was safe.
In the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732), there were 786 private households1.236 households with a population of 4,5431.265, and the initial household registration in Bitang increased by more than one and a half times. During Xuanzong period, Xu Daoxun and Zhao Xiu built more than 40 large-scale water conservancy projects. According to the New Works of Geography of Tang Dynasty, they made water conservancy tables for Xuanzong period.
According to statistics, 38 water conservancy projects, 8 Tianbao projects and 46 projects were built during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The development of farming technology reached the Tang Dynasty. Due to the long-term unification of the country, the society was relatively stable, the agricultural economy in the north recovered and developed rapidly, and more and more intensive farmland was cultivated.
After wheat harvest in many areas, crops such as grain and millet can be planted three times in two years. The agricultural planting technology in the south has made remarkable progress.
First of all, the planting area of high-yield crop rice has increased greatly, and the cultivation method of raising seedlings and transplanting is widely used. In Du Fu's poems, it is described as: "Dongtun (village, village) is in Hebei, with a hundred hectares of flat eucalyptus (case change, long and narrow table);" There are many green rice in June, and thousands of green spring colors are chaotic; Transplantation is suitable for (just now) cloud (as a language aid, meaningless) has been (completed), plus water diversion (Li Yu, water flow) and irrigation. "
At that time, seedlings were transplanted in large areas in Jianghuai area. Secondly, a large number of early rice is planted, which is a kind of early rice that can be harvested in June and July.
Seedling transplanting and early rice planting have created conditions for multiple cropping of wheat or other crops on the same land, which has gradually popularized the farming system of two-year triple cropping in the south, and in some places, double cropping can be carried out once a year. Jiangnan has fertile land, warm climate, abundant rain, long frost-free period, large population and sufficient labor force. In the Song Dynasty, people further improved the land utilization rate and vigorously developed the rice-wheat rotation system.
"Wu Diwo is a material partner. The crops are planted and cooked at the age of one." This farming system of two crops a year appeared in the Tang Dynasty.
New Vegetable Varieties in Tang Dynasty, Social Life History of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, and Illustrated History of Ancient Agricultural Science and Technology in China hold that new vegetable varieties in Tang Dynasty include spinach, lettuce and edible fungi. "Illustration of the History of Ancient Agricultural Science and Technology in China" also mentioned that Zizania latifolia was also used as an edible vegetable in the Tang Dynasty.
The book also said: "Zizania latifolia is a unique aquatic vegetable in China, and it is cultivated as a vegetable only in China." Spinach, also known as spinach, was introduced to China from Nepal in the Tang Dynasty.
As for edible fungi, such as artificially cultivated mushrooms, there were original records in the Tang Dynasty, which were recorded in the book Four Seasons. Tea production and drinking methods in Tang Dynasty China is the hometown of tea and the earliest country in the world to grow, produce and drink tea.
Tea was originally considered as a medicinal material. In the long-term medical practice, people realize that tea can not only cure diseases.