1. Classical Chinese essays describing Beijing
Beijing is a prosperous place where merchants gather; the prosperity of science and technology and humanities brings together talented people from all over the world; royal style, emperor The weather is all like this; it’s all gone.
Looking at today's world, Asan wants to seize our southern Tibet, Japanese pirates are spying on the oil fields, and the South China Sea is underestimated. How dare a cricket fly shake a tree? . We are surrounded by powerful enemies, but our desire to kill us will never die; our comrades must stand up and serve the country with our blood, soaring into the sky.
Teach you and other juniors to remember: Anyone who offends our strong men will be punished no matter how far away they are! ! Today, all the students are fortunate enough to gather here. Cherish your youth, work hard, and in the not-too-distant future, spread your wings and soar into the sky, be employed in the world, and promote the power of China! Rise peacefully and fight for a future for your descendants! ! PS: Those are still far away, let’s talk about the present: a few more words, they are all good words: cheating on food, drinking, cheating junior sister. Fire prevention, theft prevention, brother.
That’s all I have to say, so that you can do what you want. 2. What ancient texts must be memorized in junior high schools in Beijing?
Ancient prose part 1. Six chapters of "The Analects of Confucius" "The Analects of Confucius" Confucius said: "Isn't it true that one should learn from time to time? A friend comes from afar, and he doesn't Isn't it a pleasure to be ignorant? Isn't that a gentleman?" ("Xue Er") Confucius said: "You can become a teacher by reviewing the past and learning the new."
("Wei Zheng") Confucius said: "Learning without thinking is in vain; thinking without learning is laziness." ("Wei Zheng") Zi Gong asked: "Why did Confucius call it 'wen'?" Confucius Said: "A person who is quick and eager to learn, and is not ashamed to ask questions is called literary."
("Gongye Chang") Confucius said: "I know things silently, I am not tired of learning, I am not tired of teaching, what is it for me? " ("Shu Er") Confucius said: "Three people must have my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones."
) 2. Fish is what I want. "Mencius" Fish is what I want; bear's paws are also what I want. You can't have both, it's like giving up the fish for the bear's paw.
Life is what I want; righteousness is what I want. You can't have both, you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness.
Life is what I want, and what I want is more than life, so I won’t get it; death is what I hate, and what I hate is more than the dead, so I can’t get rid of it. If there is nothing more that people want than life, then why not use anything that can lead to life? There is nothing more evil that can be done to a person than the dead, so why not do whatever can be done to ward off the patient? Because of this, there is no need to do it; because of it, trouble can be avoided but there is no need to do anything.
Therefore, what one desires is more than the living, and what one hates is more than the dead. Not only sages have this mind, but everyone has it. A sage will not lose his ears.
A basket of food, a bean soup, if you get it, you will live, but if you don't get it, you will die. If you give it to you, those who practice Tao will not accept it; if you give it to you, beggars will look down upon it. Wan Zhong accepts it without arguing about etiquette. What does Wan Zhong do to me? For the beauty of the palace, the support of wives and concubines, and the needy people I know, do you want me to give them to you? I can’t accept my hometown because of my death, but now I want it because of the beauty of the palace; I can’t accept my hometown because of my death, but now I can support my wife and concubines; I can’t accept my hometown because of my death, but now I want it because of the poor people I know. , is this not possible? This is called losing one's original intention.
3. Born in sorrow, desiring peace of mind in death. "Mencius" Shun was born in the countryside, Fu Shuo was raised in the building, Jiao Ge was raised in the fish and salt, Guan Yi was raised in the scholar. , Sun Shuao was lifted up in the sea, Baili Xi was lifted up in the city. Therefore, when Heaven is about to entrust a person with a great responsibility, he must first strain his mind and will, strain his muscles and bones, starve his body and skin, deplete his body, and mess up his actions. Therefore, tempting his heart and forbearance will benefit him beyond his ability.
People always make mistakes, and then they can change; they are stuck in the heart, and they are balanced by worries, and then they act; they are marked by color, they are expressed by sounds, and then they are metaphors. If you enter, you will be unable to control the people at home, if you leave, you will be invincible to foreign patients, and the country will be permanently destroyed.
Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. 4. The Controversy of Cao GUI "Zuo Zhuan" In the spring of ten years, the Qi army attacked me.
The general fights. Please see Cao GUI.
His countrymen said: "Meat-eaters plan, how can they do it?" GUI said: "Meat-eaters are despicable, and they cannot plan far." So he came to see it.
Asked: "Why fight?" The Duke said: "If you have enough food and clothing, you don't dare to specialize, you must divide people." He said to him: "If you don't sway small favors, the people will not obey."
The Duke said: "If you sacrifice jade and silk, you must have faith." He said to him: "If your faith is small, it will bring blessings to the gods."
The Duke said: "It's small and big." Although the prison cannot be inspected, it must be done with emotion." He said to him, "If you are a loyal person, you can fight.
If you want to fight, please follow him."
The general encouraged him. GUI said: "It's not possible."
Qi people drummed three times. GUI said: "That's all right."
The Qi army was defeated. The general will gallop to him.
GUI said: "It's not possible." Looking down at the path, he climbed up to Shi and looked at it, saying: "It's OK."
Then he chased the Qi army. After defeating him, the public asked why.
He said to him: "Fighting requires courage. One burst of strength will weaken again, and three times it will be exhausted. When the other party is exhausted, I will be full, so I can overcome it.
A big country is unpredictable, and I am afraid of danger. "Fu Yan. I saw the movement as chaotic and the banner as unruly, so I chased it away." 5. Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi in his "Warring States Policy".
Looking into the mirror, he asked his wife, "Who is more beautiful than Mr. Xu in the north of the city?" His wife said, "You are so beautiful, how can Mr. Xu be as beautiful as you!" Mr. Xu in the north of the city is also the most beautiful in Qi.
Avoid not being confident, so he asked his concubine again: "Who is more beautiful between us and Mr. Xu?" The concubine said: "How can Mr. Xu be as good as you!" One day, guests came from outside, sat down to talk with them, and asked the guests He said, "Who is more beautiful, me or Mr. Xu?" The guest said, "Mr. Xu is not as beautiful as you!" Tomorrow, Mr. Xu will come. Whoever looks at it thinks that he is not as good as he is; when he looks into the mirror and sees himself, he feels that he is not as good as he is far away.
I thought about it when I went to bed at night: "My wife loves me because she is selfish; my concubine loves me because she is afraid of me; my guests love me because they want something from me." So he entered the court to show his authority. The king said: "I know sincerely that I am not as beautiful as Mr. Xu. My wife is a private minister, my concubines are afraid of me, and my guests want to ask for anything from me. They all think that I am more beautiful than Mr. Xu."
Today Qi is thousands of miles away. In the hundred and twenty cities, all the palace ladies and ministers are not afraid of the king; all the ministers in the court are not afraid of the king; from this point of view, the king is very shielded!" The king said: "Good. ”
Then he ordered: “Those ministers and officials who can criticize others for their faults will receive high rewards; those who write letters to admonish others will receive medium rewards; those who can defame others in the city and court and listen to others will be rewarded.” "Receive the reward." When the order was first issued, all the ministers came to give advice, and the court was like a city.
A few months later, time and again. After the period of time, although I want to speak, I can't make any progress.
Yan, Zhao, Han, and Wei heard about it and all came to Qi. This is called victory over the imperial court.
6. Zhuge Liang’s example of being a teacher. The minister Liang said: The late emperor was not halfway through his business, but the middle path collapsed. Three points down today, Yizhou is exhausted, this is the time when the survival of the sincerity is in danger.
However, the ministers of the bodyguard are tireless at home, and the loyal people forget about themselves outside: this is because of the special experience of the late emperor, and I want to repay it to His Majesty. It is sincerely appropriate to open the door to Shengting to honor the legacy of the late emperor and to magnify the spirit of lofty ideals; it is not appropriate to belittle oneself, to use metaphors that are unjust, and to block the road of loyalty and admonishment.
The palace and the mansion are all integrated into one body; there should be no similarities or differences in terms of punishment and punishment. If there are those who commit crimes and are loyal and good, they should be punished and rewarded by a judge to show your majesty's common sense. It is not suitable to be partial and make different laws inside and outside.
Shizhong, Shilang Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc., are all good and solid, with loyal and pure aspirations. Therefore, the late emperor simply removed them and left them to Your Majesty. If you are foolish and think that all matters in the palace are no matter how big or small, if you consult them carefully and then implement them, you will definitely be able to make up for the deficiencies and benefit a lot.
General Xiang Chong was a man of good character and good military skills. He tried to use it in the past. The late emperor called him "neng", and he was elected as the governor by public opinion. Those who are foolish enough to think that if they know everything about the camp and consult it, they will be able to make the formation harmonious and gain the advantage and disadvantage.
Being close to virtuous ministers and staying away from villains is why the early Han Dynasty prospered; being close to villains and being distant from virtuous ministers is why the Han Dynasty has declined since then. When the late emperor was still alive, whenever he discussed this matter with his ministers, he would always sigh and hate Huan and Lingye.
Shizhong, Shangshu, Changshi, and the army, these are the ministers who know Zhenliang's death, and I hope that your majesty will trust him and become the Han Dynasty. 3. What are the ancient texts that must be memorized for the Beijing High School Entrance Exam
Volume 1: 17 The Dance of the Candle Retreats the Qin Master 18 Gou Jian Destroys Wu 19 Zou Ji Satirizes the King of Qi and Accepts Remonstrance 20 Touching the Dragon and Talking about the Empress Dowager Zhao 21 Zilu·Zeng Xi · Ran You · Gong Xihua sits down 22 The widow is in the country 23 Encouraging learning 24 Autumn water (excerpt) Book 2: 17 On passing the Qin Dynasty 18 Hongmen Banquet 19 Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection 20 Returning to Xici 21 Master's talk 22 Afang Palace Fu 23 Admonition to Taizong's Ten Thoughts on 24 Kinds of Trees The third volume of the Biography of Guo Lituo: 17 On the Six Kingdoms 18 The Journey to Baochan Mountain 19 Preface to the Biography of Lingguan 20 The Records of Shizhong Mountain 21 The Records of Xiangjixuan 22 The Tombstones of Five People 23 The Records of Climbing Mount Tai 24 The Bing Mei The fourth volume of the library notes: 17 Chen Qing Biao 18 Sacrifice to Twelve Langs 19 Preface to the Poems of Yuxi 20 Chibi Fu 21 Xiaoyaoyou 22 Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion 23 Biography of Liu Yi (excerpt) 24 Promoting the Weaving Volume 5: 14 The road to Shu is difficult 15 Generals will drink wine 16 Troops and chariots 17 Five poems by Li Du (Emei Mountain Music Song, Asking the Flute in Luocheng on a Spring Night, The Guest Arrives, Traveling at Night to Book Love, and Climbing the Yueyang Tower) 18 Qi Huan and Jin Wen's Events 19 Zhuang Bao's Meeting with Mencius 20 Mencius's Meeting with King Xiang of Liang 21 Essays Two chapters (The people of Qi had a wife and a concubine, Yi Qiu) Book Six: 13 Report to Ren An, 14 Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, 15 Biography of Qu Yuan, 16 Lord Xinling stole the talisman to save Zhao. 4. Which classical Chinese articles are required to be memorized in the Beijing College Entrance Examination?
1. "Encouragement to Learning" by Xunzi 2. "Zeng Xiran You Gong Xihua Sitting in the Palace" 3. Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi to accept the admonition "Warring States Policy" 4. "Xiaoyaoyou" (There are fishes in Beiming - how do you know the two insects) 5. "Departure of the Master" 6. "Chen Qingbiao" (Fu Wei Holy Dynasty - Can't Destroy Yuan) 7 "Cao GUI's Debate" 8. "Return" "Come and Come" (without preface) 9. "Preface to the Lanting Collection" (the ninth year of Yonghe - isn't it painful) 10. "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng" (the old capital of Yuzhang - Shengdu Hengyang Pu) 11. "Shi Shuo" (sigh - it's so strange) 12. "Inscription on the Humble Room" 13. "Ode to Afang Palace" (sigh - it also makes future generations mourn for future generations) 14. "Yueyang Tower" 15. "The Drunkard's Pavilion" 16. "Qian Chibi Ode" (Autumn of Renxu - the legacy echoes in the sad wind) 17. "The Journey to Baochan Mountain" (Then I sighed - this is what I got).
5. 2010 Beijing College Entrance Examination Chinese Language Must Memorize Classical Prose
2010 College Entrance Examination Recitation and Dictation Articles (***38 articles in total, including 9 articles for junior high school ● and 3 articles for Beijing version)
(1) Ancient Prose (18 articles)
1. "Zeng Xiran You Gong Xihua was sitting at the table"
2. "Encouraging Learning"
3. "Zhu Zhiwu retreated from the Qin army" (The candle came out at night - but returned)
4. "Xiaoyaoyou" (There are fish in Beiming - how do you know the two insects)
5. "Hongmen Banquet" (Yin Xiang Bo of Chu Zuo - Zhuang cannot attack)
7. "Chen Qingbiao" (Fu Wei Holy Dynasty - cannot be abandoned)
8. "Peach Blossom Spring" ●
9. "Come Back and Come Back" (without preface)
10. "Preface to the Lanting Collection" (ninth year of Yonghe - Isn't it painful )
11. "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng" (the old capital of Yuzhang - Shengduan Hengyang Pu)
12. "Shi Shuo" (sigh - it's strange) )
13. "Inscription on the Humble Room" ●
14. "Ode to Afang Palace" (Sigh - it also makes future generations mourn again)
15. "The Story of Yueyang Tower"●
16. "The Story of the Drunken Old Man's Pavilion"
17. "Ode to the Former Chibi" (Autumn of Renxu - The legacy echoes in the sad wind )
18. "A Journey to Baochan Mountain" (Therefore I sighed - this is what I gained)
(2) Poems and music (20 pieces)
1. "Meng"
2. "National Memorial" by Qu Yuan
3. "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" (Part 1) Tao Yuanming
4. " "The Poppy" (When will the Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon begin) Li Yu
5. "Send Off Du Shaofu's Appointment to Shuzhou" ●Wang Bo
6. "Sleepwalking Tianmu's Song of Farewell" Li Bai< /p>
7. "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and this message was sent to Longbiao far away"●
8. "Spring Night Joyful Rain"●
9. "Climbing High"
13. "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia"●
14. "Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves through the forest when the storm is calming"
15. "Slow Sound" (Xun (Xunmimi)
16. "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix" (red hands)
17. "Yongyu Le Jingkou Bei Guting Nostalgia"
18. "Bodhisattva Man" is written on the stoma wall of Jiangxi (Qingjiang River under Yugu Terrace) by Xin Qiji
19. "Dou E's Injustice" (Rolling Hydrangea Ball)
20. "Qinyuanchun Changsha" 》 6. Looking for all the ancient poems, classical Chinese, and works from Beijing on the first day of the new year
In the first volume, the envoy got on his bicycle and wanted to ask about it.
Zheng Peng left Hansai, returned to Yan and entered Hutian. The desert is solitary and the smoke is straight, the sun is setting over the long river.
Whenever Xiao Guan rides, he always protects Yan Ran. [Notes] 1. Envoy to the fortress: Being ordered to send an envoy to the frontier fortress.
This is a five-character poem written by Wang Wei in 737 (the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan) when he was on his way to Liangzhou to supervise the censor and join the army. 2. Envoy: to go on an envoy.
3. Bicycle: A bicycle travels alone. Describe Qingqi Jiancong.
4. Ask about the border: Go to the border fortress to inspect, referring to condolences to the officers and soldiers guarding the border. 5. Subsidiary state: refers to those ethnic minorities who are attached to the Han court and retain their national title.
Both the Han and Tang dynasties had some vassal states. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official position called Dianshuguo. After Su Wu returned to the Han Dynasty, he was awarded the official position of Dianshuguo.
People in the Tang Dynasty sometimes used the term "vassal state" to refer to envoys sent to the border areas. 6. Juyan: Place name. It was called Juyanze in the Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in the Tang Dynasty. It is located in the northern part of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia today.
In the Western Han Dynasty, there was Juyan County in Zhangye County (see "Hanshu Geography"), and the old city was located in the southeast of today's Jina Banner. In addition, the Liangzhou Governor of the Eastern Han Dynasty had Zhangye in the Juyan state, and its jurisdiction was in the Juyanze area.
The common annotations for this sentence say that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's mission did not actually require passing through Juyan.
Therefore, "Selected Poems of Chinese Dynasties" compiled by Lin Geng and Feng Yuanjun believes that this sentence refers to the Tang Dynasty's "vast frontier fortress, and the subordinate countries extend beyond Juyan." 7. Zhengpeng: Peng fluttering in the wind Grass, here is the poet's self-description.
8. Returning geese: Because the season is summer and geese fly north, it is called "Guiyan entering Hutian". 9. Great Desert: Great Desert, here roughly refers to the desert north of Liangzhou.
Solitary Smoke: There are two interpretations of Zhao Diancheng's note: One cloud is that when the ancient border guards burned wolf dung when they called the police, "the smoke was straight and gathered, and it did not disperse even if the wind blew." There are many whirlwinds outside the Great Wall, "smoke and sand are rising straight up".
According to later generations, field investigators in Gansu and Xinjiang confirmed that there were indeed cyclones like "lone smoke rising straight up". Also: Guyan may also be a safe fire used by border guards in the Tang Dynasty.
Volume 218 of "Tongdian" says: "At dusk, peace and fire will not come.
"Hu Sansheng's note: ""Six Codes": When the garrison beacon in Tang Town arrives, the generals will go thirty miles away, and at the beginning of each day, a torch will be set off, which is called a safe fire. ”
10. Changhe: Suspected to refer to today’s Shiyang River, which flows through the desert north of Liangzhou. 11. Xiaoguan: The name of the ancient pass, its original location is southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia today.
< p> 12. Waiting cavalry: The cavalry responsible for reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei's mission to Hexi did not pass through Xiaoguan. This is probably the meaning of He Xun's poem "waiting cavalry leaves Xiaoguan and pursues troops to Mayi". Actual description.13. Protectorate: official name. The Tang Dynasty established six major protectorate offices in the northwest, including Anxi and Anbei. Each office assigned a chief protector and two deputy governors to take charge of all affairs in the jurisdiction. .
14. Yan Ran: The name of the ancient mountain is the present-day Hangai Mountain in Mongolia.
"Book of the Later Han·Biography of Dou Xian": Xian led his army to defeat Shan Yu. "Then he climbed Yanran Mountain and marched for more than three thousand miles. He carved stones to commemorate the Han Dynasty's mighty virtues and ordered Ban Gu to write an inscription. "These two sentences mean that he met the waiting cavalry on the way and learned that the commander was still on the front line after defeating the enemy.
[Appreciation of Works] In 737 (the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan), Wang Wei was ordered to go to Xihe The Jiedushi Mansion expressed condolences to the soldiers. This poem was written by the poet on his way to Xihe. The first two sentences explain the purpose of the trip and the destination, why the poem was written, and the place where it was written. It also explains the vastness of the frontier.
"Want to ask about the border" is the purpose of the mission. It means that there are few followers and the standards of etiquette are not high.
The poem contains a hint of frustration in the chronicle. This emotion is triggered by the word "bicycle" and the second sentence says "life". The special region "Yan" has become the basis for the scenery described in the poem.
The third and fourth sentences contain multiple connotations. From the word "Guiyan" we know the time of this mission to the frontier fortress It's spring.
When the thorngrass matures, its branches and leaves dry up, and the roots leave the earth, blowing in the wind, so this sentence is called "Zhengpeng" by the poet to describe the feeling of drifting.
p>Most of the ancient poems mentioning the fluffy grass refer to their own life experience. For example, in Cao Zhi's "Miscellaneous Poems" (Part 2), "the fluffy grass turns away from its roots and floats with the wind" is a famous example. < /p>
The word "out of the Han Dynasty" in this poem exactly reflects the poet's trip; moreover, these three words have a strong flavor of a foreign country, which deepens the feeling of leaving home and abroad. , feelings are always complicated, whether it is because of the difficulty of running away from home or the country, or because of a mission as written in this poem.
About the time the poet went on a mission. , he was already in a bad mood, and was different from the majesty and magnificence of Sima Xiangru of the Han Dynasty who first won the favor of Emperor Wu and went to the southwestern barbarians. The poet's frustration may be related to the political struggle of the court.
He always valued poets. Prime Minister Zhang Jiuling was demoted to the position of governor of Jing in April of this year. The poem uses a pairwise contrast method.
"Zheng Peng" refers to the poet, and "Gui Yan" refers to the poet. The poet is in contrast. In the spring scenery, the geese return to their old nests to raise their young, and they are in their right place; the poet is facing the desert wind and sand like fluffy grass drifting to the outside of the Great Wall. The scene is completely different.
Five and six. The sentence depicts the magnificent scene in the border desert, with a vast realm and majestic atmosphere.
The first scene is a scene in the desert. What the poet saw in front of him was the boundless yellow sand.
Looking up at the sky, there was no trace of clouds or trees in the sky.
Looking far into the distance. But seeing a wisp of smoke rising at the end of the sky, the poet's spirit was lifted, and he seemed to feel that the desert was a little more alive. It was a beacon smoke, which told the poet that the trip was about to reach its destination. > The beacon smoke is a typical scenery of the frontier fortress. The "straight smoke" highlights the atmosphere of the frontier fortress. From the perspective of picture composition.
Adding a column of white smoke between the blue sky and yellow sand becomes the center of the entire picture, which is the finishing touch. "Kunya": "The ancient fireworks were made of wolf smoke, which was straight and gathered together. Even if the wind blew it, it would not be tilted." "The words are good." This is again about the use of words.
Another scene is the sunset over the long river. This is a close-up.
The poet is probably standing on a hilltop, overlooking the winding river. It was evening, the setting sun hung low on the river, and the river water shone with sparkling waves.
What a wonderful moment this is! The poet only uses the word "circle" to accurately describe the characteristics of the sunset on the river. Due to such a perspective, it suddenly appears that the red sun appears in and out of the long river, which adds to the majestic momentum of the river swallowing up the sun and the moon, making the whole picture even more majestic and magnificent.