Poetry is one of the basic literary genres. Preface to Poetry: "A poet, where he has ambition, has ambition in his heart and speaks with poetry." The difference between poems and songs is that poems are mainly recited, while songs are mainly sung. The so-called poem should recite its words, and the song should sing its voice. Poetry is mostly written for feelings. Poetry is one of the most common arts, which falls in every corner of human society like sunshine.
Ci is a new style that emerged in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, after a long and sustained development, it entered its heyday.
Ci, also known as Quzi Ci, Long and Short Ci and Poem Leisure, is a kind of songs and poems full of Yan music. Poetry and words belong to the category of verse, but poetry is only used for chanting and words are used for singing.
The form of words has the following characteristics:
1. Every word has a musical tone (epigraph). Generally speaking, the tone of a word is not the theme of the word, but only a score. In the Song Dynasty, some poets often added topics or wrote prefaces to express the meaning of words.
2. Words are generally divided into two paragraphs (called upper and lower paragraphs or upper and lower paragraphs), and few words are not segmented or not segmented.
Generally speaking, the number of words in tones and the length of sentences are fixed and have a certain format.
4. The sentence patterns of words are uneven, and they are basically long and short sentences.
5. The rules of phonology in words are particularly strict, and words should be hierarchical. The tone of each word has its own rules, which are different.
In the history of China literature, great changes have taken place in the Yuan Dynasty, and the beauty of poetry has been integrated into music.
And widely circulated, according to textual research, the origin of Lunqu can be traced back to ancient beginning of life [Jun Tian's old play]
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Nine songs are sacrificial songs, which are reduced to Han Yuefu (extending the law) and Tang poetry (painting a wall with a flag pavilion).
Songs, banquets and seats are all sung with music on the strings of orchestral music. Why can a song get the name of music alone?
? It is also because it is more closely related to music than Yuefu and poetry. It is the development pole of rhyme literature.
Come on, so it can take the lead. China's verse literature is closely related to music. Use words
Generally speaking, it originated from Tang Qu Zi and Yan Yue in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Song Ci was written by sound.
, is to have a tune first, and then sing according to the words of the tune it plays. Textual research on song and yuan operas
The tunes of 335 Yuan songs originated from Song Daqu and Tang's Seventy Song Poems.
Five, the palace tune twenty-eight. At that time, literati developed another kind of literature. Song dynasty; surname
Finally, more new music appeared among the people; Such as Taiping Yuefu compiled by Yang in Yuan Dynasty and
Chun Xue in the poem, Sanqu, and folk music. Song ci gradually failed.
Adapted to the needs at that time, so that the position of [word] in vocal music was gradually replaced by [song].
One. The literary form of Sanqu originated in the Song and Jin Dynasties. Yuan and Ming dynasties were collections.
Minority music, north and south minor. [Nanci Narration] contains: Yongjia Zaju Xing
Then, the ditty of the village square was done again. This is not a palace tune, but it is also a rare rhythm, just taking the anomalies of agriculture and cities.
It's just that women sing easily. As the saying goes, the so-called "following her heart" is as great as successfully entering the music law of Song Ci.
とととととととととととととととととととと.
Building is the tune of Ci (recalling Wang Sunzi), Daqu (Daqu) (drum poem) (berth) in Tang and Song Dynasties.
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The Brahma popular in Beijing is the music of ethnic minorities. When traveling in Ceng Min in the Song Dynasty, he once said, Xuanhe is the end.
To Beijing, the market is my own, and the song title is: [Guo Chao] [Four Kingdoms Chao] [Six Kingdoms Chao]
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Jurchen music in the Jin Dynasty was also introduced, such as "romantic style" and "Taihe" in the Northern Song Dynasty.
On orthography, Zhou Deqing, a poet in Yuan Dynasty, also said: Nuzhen and other movements are based on orthography.
Although there are mistakes in the words of Jurchen Shengge, it does not hurt the temperament or harm the people.
Primitive Phonology >> Huang Zhonggong's Stabber, Anahu and Ancient Capital White.
Tang Wu is evil.
It is not the tune of the northern Han nationality, but should belong to Jurchen or Mongolian music. In the Ming dynasty, Wang Shizhen < <
Preface to Qu Zao >:>: Composer, the change of words, since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties entered China, the use of Hu music has been noisy.
Between sadness and urgency, words can't be suppressed, but they are more attractive.
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The reason for the song is to match the length and tone of the music. Whether Sanqu or Opera, it is usually marked before the song.
Ming Dynasty can be divided into Gongdiao and Qupai, each Qupai belongs to a certain Gongdiao, but there are also (borrowing Gongdiao).
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Modes of China's Ancient Music
In ancient music, the tune was called Gongdiao. As long as it was music, it was composed of several tones.
Five tones or seven tones, summed up in their phonology, are called modes. In ancient times, there were always twelve rhythms.
, music has five tones and two changes, the name of Lv has existed in the Zhou Dynasty, and all twelve Lv are.
Chromatic scale, six odd semitones are called rhythm, and six even semitones are called Lu, which are collectively called six rhythms.
Six laws, collectively known as the law, also known as the twelve laws. And these twelve rhythms are the ancient temperament.
At that time, the name of the blowpipe used was different because it was short, so the sound was different.
According to the music of the Tang Dynasty (Du You Tong Dian) in 143, the proportion is Huang Zhong.
Based on the length of nine inches, it is calculated by [three points lose one, three points gain one] and [every eight phases].
. The sound of the 12-meter lyre is the lowest sound of the yellow bell, and the chromatic scale rises above the yellow bell.
As an important style of China classical literature, Fu is far less popular with modern people than poetry, prose and novels. However, in ancient times, especially in the Han and Tang dynasties, poetry and fu were often neck and neck, as can be seen from Cao Pi's "Poetry and fu are all beautiful" and Lu Ji's "Poetry and fu are beautiful because of emotion, vivid and vivid".
So, what is Fu? Fu originated in the Warring States Period, flourished in the Han and Tang Dynasties, and declined in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, there were literati who only wrote poems without writing them, but there were almost no talented people who only wrote poems without writing them. After Jian 'an and even the whole Six Dynasties, Fu was even praised as a poem. Qu Yuan's works are called Fu in historical records, and Qu Yuan's works are also called Fu in Hanshu. Later generations praised history and Han, so they called the works of Qu Yuan and others Fu.
The first person to use the word "Fu" as a style should push Sima Qian. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty, The Book of Poetry became a Confucian Classics. In this context, it is extremely inappropriate to call Qu Yuan's works poems. However, Qu Yuan's works can only be read but not sung, and it is not appropriate to call them "songs". So Sima Qian chose two names: Ci and Fu. However, he still prefers to use words to name Qu Yuan's works, because Qu Yuan's works are rich in literary talent. The works of Song Yu, Le Tang and Jing Ke are called "Fu". What really calls one's work Fu is. Then at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, literati often wrote their own works in the name of "Fu". The name "Fu" was first seen in Xun Kuang's Fu Pian at the end of the Warring States Period.
Fu is a marginal style between poetry and prose. Between them, Fu is closer to poetic style. From the Han Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, Fu was closer to poetry than prose. From the perspective of subject matter, the subject matter of Chu Ci works is relatively simple, and most of them are "sad people don't meet." Moreover, its form is relatively fixed, and they all imitate Qu Yuan's works and write their own misfortunes and troubles like Qu Yuan. The extravagant decorations in Qu Yuan's Evocation of Soul have a great influence on Han Da Fu. Fu has a strong literati flavor since its birth, which is the reason why it is deeply influenced by Chu Ci. Sao style fu mostly adopts the metaphor of "vanilla beauty" in Chu Ci, and often follows the metaphor of Chu Ci.
Since the word "Fu" was formed, Fu and poetry have been intertwined and influenced each other. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a confluence of poetry and fu. However, poetry and fu are necessarily two different styles. Generally speaking, most poems are written for feelings, while Fu often writes for feelings. Poetry focuses on lyricism, and fu focuses on narrative objects. Liu Xizai, a poet in A Qing, said: "Different from poets, there is less emotion in poetry and more emotion in poetry."
There are roughly three styles of Han Fu, namely, Sao Fu, Four-character Poetry Fu and Prose Fu. Judging from the structure and language of fu, prose, seven-style, argumentative and Tang-style fu are all close to prose, and some of them can be completely classified as prose. The poetic features of Fu are somewhat similar to prose poems in modern literature. It has three main characteristics: first, sentences are mainly four or six sentences, and parallel antithesis is pursued; Second, it requires harmony in phonology; Third, pay attention to algae decoration and allusions in language. Antithesis and algae decoration are a major feature of Han Fu. After a long process of evolution, it developed to the middle Tang Dynasty. Under the influence of the ancient prose movement, there appeared a trend of prose, which did not talk about parallel prose and rhythm, and the sentence patterns were uneven and the rhyme was relatively free, forming a fresh and smooth prose momentum, called "Wen Fu".
Parallel prose was greatly influenced by Fu, and matured in the Southern and Northern Dynasties compared with the Eastern Han Dynasty. Literati in Han Dynasty used a lot of parallel prose in their articles. So that some famous articles are regarded as parallel prose. For example, Wu Chengfu by Bao Zhao in the Southern Dynasties, Fu Xue by Xie Huilian and Yuefu by Xie Zhuang.