Li He is a descendant of the declining imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty. Because my father's name is similar to the sound of "Jinshi", he is often attacked and laughed at, so he can't take the Jinshi exam. After that, he became a junior official with nine grades, and went home because of his weak body, and soon died of illness. He lived only 27 years old and wrote about 250 poems. Li He is 22 years younger than Han Yu. When he was young, he was famous for his talent. /kloc-When he was 0/8 years old, he visited Han Yu with his own poems. Han Yu only saw a song "Wild Goose Gate" and knew him. However, Li He often thinks highly of himself and thinks that he is a descendant of the imperial clan. However, the reality is that his family has already declined and his ideals have been shattered, giving birth to a sense of loss and humiliation. In addition, he is in poor health and ugly, and he has increased his intellectual search for the pleasure in poetry. Very early, he wrote: "Why don't you take Wu Gou and gather 50 states in Guanshan? Please go to Lingyange temporarily. If you are a scholar, Wan Huhou!" Such a poem. The blow of lofty ideals and reality made him precocious, which was caused by anxiety and disillusionment. He said that he "has a man in Chang 'an, and his heart is rotten", and "he is in his prime and bears a grudge, and his dreams make him old". This kind of life experience makes his body and mind different from ordinary people. So he began to think about the most basic and important issues in the world, such as life, fate, life and death, and expressed them with poems and pens.
In his short 27-year career, he devoted all his energy to writing poems, forgetting to eat and sleep, and riding a donkey to write poems. His mother saw that he was so obsessed with writing poems that she thought his poems were made with her own efforts. His persistence doomed him to indulge in his ideal poetry kingdom, but he could not reflect on society rationally. On the other hand, his poems are mixed with strong sadness and secluded and grotesque personality. This made Li He's poems break away from Han Yu's boldness, and Meng Jiao's cold loneliness turned to the creation of illusory intentions, thus forming his own melancholy and mysterious poetic style.
Li He was deeply influenced by the folk songs of Qu Yuan, Li Bai and Han Yuefu. He used Yuefu style to express his depressed mood. He has a special love for Leng Yan's sad intentions. He used many emotional words such as "cry" and "crow", and he also rendered the color and modality of objects to the extreme. His poems often blend emotional sadness and colorful. In order to strengthen the appeal of poetic images, he also used his unique way of thinking and carefully selected verbs and adjectives to express the communication of vision, hearing and taste, such as describing the summer scenery as "the old scenery is heavy, it is not surprising to fly" and expressing the heroism of the general "only dare to leave the Qin gate alone" Through the collision of these different senses, the subtle feelings emitted by art are vividly displayed, and he also uses some sharp, crisp and ferocious words to express his heart. Unusual way of thinking, blunt and provocative words and strange image choice constitute the basic characteristics of Li He's poetry image creation. The singular features in Li He's poems mainly come from his imagination different from ordinary people. He can imagine the prosperity of heaven through ordinary things, the joy of nature from the beauty of music, and let his imagination flow freely beyond time and space. The poem Li Ping's Poems is one of the representatives: "Phoenix cries Kunshan, Lotus cries Xianglan laughs", "Old fish dances thin dumplings ... Jiang E cries bamboo sorrow", and there are many fantastic ideas in his poems.
The illusory meaning created by Li He had a deep influence on Li Shangyin in the late Tang Dynasty, so the poems written by Li Shangyin were not thoroughly studied by ordinary people. Li Shangyin admired Li He's genius creation, and even wrote a biography of Li Changji for him, describing his life experience and the process of writing poems. Du Mu, another poet of the same name, called his poems a continuation of Li Sao in Preface to Li He Ji, and vividly summarized his poetic characteristics. Compared with Han, Li He paid more attention to the excavation of inner world, was more imaginative, and highlighted the poet's temperament, which had a direct impact on the poetry style in the late Tang Dynasty. However, the mood is too low and the pursuit of strangeness makes poetry develop in a mysterious and obscure direction.
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The fate of life is always grinding, and the vicissitudes of life are hard to circumvent.
The descendants of the Tang Dynasty thought highly of themselves, but riding donkeys was powerless.
Over time, it is difficult to find a bosom friend and a piano.
Introduction to novel adventures, 27 years away.
Later poets were Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan, who had good friendship and similar life experiences, thus laying the foundation for the similarity of their poetic thoughts. Liu Yuxi is from Luoyang, Henan, and Liu Zongyuan is from Yongji, Shanxi. In the ninth year of Zhenyuan, the two men joined the Chinese scholars and went to Beijing together ten years later. After joining Wang's reformists, they were exiled to Hunan and Yongzhou respectively after the failure of the reform movement. Ten years later, they were exiled to Guangdong and Guangxi respectively. Liu Zongyuan died in Liuzhou at the age of 47 because of his long relegation career and heavy political oppression. Liu Yuxi lived for many years because of his good attitude. Later, he sang with Bai Juyi and was called "Bai Liu".
Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan spent most of their lives in remote and poor places, so they wrote many poems to express their inner anguish and their inner difficulties, but they refused to give in. Liu Yuxi's character is resolute and heroic. Despite his heavy heart in hard times, he was still able to write poems to attack his political opponents. Such resistance made his career quite unsatisfactory, but his poems showed great charm, which greatly increased the depth and intensity of his poems. Most of Liu Yuxi's novels or short stories are concise and lively, handsome in writing, profound in philosophy, revealing true feelings, and full of artistic conception, such as Two Poems on Autumn: "Autumn has been sad and lonely since ancient times, and I say autumn is better than spring." The whole poem opposes the traditional concept of sad autumn, praises autumn, endows autumn with a power to guide life, and expresses the yearning for the realm of freedom.
Liu Yuxi is more praised for some ancient poems about history. The language of these poems is concise and concise, and the conception is rigorous and novel. In the time and space of ancient and modern docking, there is a sense of meditation on history and life. Such as "Xibao Mountain Nostalgia": "Wang Rui disembarked from Yizhou, and the imperial relatives languished in Nanjing City. Chihiro's iron lock sank to the bottom of the river, and a stone fell out of it ... "His poems about gold are full of a sad but enduring, depressed and tenacious spirit, which is deeply touched by the weather through the ages. Liu Yuxi was exiled to the south, and influenced by folk lyrics, he created many excellent works with rich folk songs and between elegance and vulgarity, which were fresh and natural. For example, "Two Poems on Bamboo Branches", "The coolness of Yangliuqing" and the songs on the Langjiang River. Sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny but sunny. "With a pun, this poem expresses a woman's subtle feelings for her lover, with a strong flavor of life and high artistic taste.
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Wandering thousands of miles, I often remember my dream pen.
Sex is strong and heroic, and it takes thousands of times to know what it means.
Don't write sad autumn poems, ask how many things are ancient and modern.
Blending folk fresh words, there will be sunshine but sunshine.
Compared with Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan's poems are heavier, more restrained, more rigid and more simple. These characteristics of Liu Zongyuan's poems come from his own personality. He is a passionate and even persistent poet. He has profound thoughts and keen insight, but he is incapable of solving his own difficulties. Liu Yuxi himself is more open-minded and open. Liu Zongyuan can only express his feelings for mountains and rivers, so his travel notes on mountains and rivers are a must. He can't dispel his worries, so he also has a sense of loss when playing. Su Shi commented that he was "extremely happy and sad".
Liu's poems also have conscious aesthetic pursuit. In his creative practice, he has a special liking for images with cold meaning and sharp feeling, such as waning moon, deep bamboo, cold pine, cold light and valley. And he also focuses on cool colors such as green, refreshing and blue. When the bleak cool tone is combined with the sharp and tough words, the work presents a cold style. This feature is reflected in the famous Jiang Xue "There are no birds in a hundred mountains and no footprints in a thousand paths". A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow ",this poem is called the best work in the five-character quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. Liu Zongyuan's poems still have a cool side. Many predecessors compared it with Tao Yuanming and Wei, and thought that Liu's poems were between the two, with simple style, close to nature and no makeup, giving people a fresh and elegant feeling, such as Fisherman and When I looked back, I saw the waves in the sky, and the clouds on the cliff were idle, one by one. This is a good poem with plain sentences, elegant colors, leisurely feelings and distant artistic conception. Tao poetry is indifferent and close to nature, which can best reflect people's inner peace and broadmindedness; Wei's poems are indifferent to beauty and refreshing to read; Liu's poems, on the other hand, contain worries and grievances in indifference. Although it was avoided, it was still reflected, showing a cold message.
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You can swim between mountains and rivers, and if you are bored, you can take a day off.
There are many cold sentences in the conclusion, and Qianshan catches cold alone.
Clouds float leisurely on the cliff, and fishermen are always asking questions.
Are there donkeys in Guizhou today? Come back one day and eat a hundred fish.
Another relegated poet who made friends with Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi and made achievements in poetry was Lu Wen, whose poems were furious and heroic. Another poet is Li Deyu, a famous prime minister in the mid-Tang Dynasty. He made great achievements in politics and military affairs, but he was caught in party struggle all his life and was demoted many times. His poems and songs are approachable, with real feelings, and strong homesickness in plain life, which shows the desolation of old politicians and heroes in their twilight years.