1, 190 1 year sully prudhomme( 1939- 1907)？ law
Suli Pradom (1939- 1907), a French poet, was originally named René Fran? ois Pradom. Born in an industrial and commercial family in Paris, his father is an engineer. Sully prudhomme was smart and studious since childhood, but failed to enter the university for further study due to health reasons. In his early years, he worked as a clerk and engineer, engaged in legal work, and then turned to poetry creation. Solid scientific literacy makes him want to communicate poetry and science; And his keen interest in philosophy makes him want to capture inspiration from philosophical thinking and refine the theme of poetry.
Around 1960s, he took part in the poetry movement of panas School and became one of the representatives of the school. Panas School is composed of some high school poets who flaunt "Art for Art's sake" and is the pioneer of symbolism. The throwing poet advocates being far away from reality, being calm and objective, and restraining the direct expression of personal feelings in art.
1865, sully prudhomme's first book of poetry, Rhyme and Poetry, stood out and attracted the attention of the poetry circle. The poetry collections Loneliness (1869) and Tender Feelings in vain (1875) published since then are two representative works with strong lyrical atmosphere, which mainly show lonely mood, lovelorn mood and melancholy mood. However, two philosophical poetry collections, Justice (1878) and Happiness 12 Poems (1888), are more appreciated by the intellectuals. Poetry mainly discusses the conflict between human consciousness and modern society, which is didactic and obscure. In addition, he also has a collection of poems: Test (1866), Impression of War (1870), France (1874), Prism (1886) and The Legacy of Poetry. From 1900 to 190 1, he edited and published sully prudhomme's poems.
Sully prudhomme's poems are good at reminding people of the secrets of mental arithmetic and subtle feelings and experiences. Being good at analysis, both inspirational poems and philosophical poems have left a deep impression on readers. Because of his creative achievements, in 188 1, he was elected as an academician of the French Academy. 190 1 year, the Swedish Academy awarded him the first Nobel Prize in Literature in order to "especially commend his poems, which are lofty ideals, perfect art and rare evidence of mind and wisdom". ?
Masterpiece? Poetry: rhyme, loneliness, tenderness in vain, justice, happiness 12 poetry, etc.
2, 1902? Theodor Mommsen (Theodor Mommsen 18 17- 1903)? Germany
Theodor Mommsen (Theodor Mommsen 18 17- 1903), a German historian, was born in Schleswig, Germany (then Danish) Galdin. My father is a country priest and my mother is a teacher. Under the influence of his family, Monson liked and was familiar with the history of ancient Rome since he was a child. 1938 was admitted to the Law Department of Kiel University in Denmark. 1842 graduated with a doctor of law. From 65438 to 0843, Monson accepted a scholarship from the King of Denmark and went to Italy to study ancient Roman law. 1847 returned to the motherland and was employed as a law professor at Leipzig University. Later, at 1850, he was dismissed for making remarks attacking Bismarck. 1852 Professor of Roman Law, University of Zurich, Switzerland; 1854 transferred to breslau university to teach; From 65438 to 0858, he was a professor of ancient history at the University of Berlin, and was employed by the Royal College of Berlin to edit the periodical Wen Dian. 1874 Re-employed as a professor at Leipzig University. From 1873 to 1882, he served as a member of parliament of the German Empire. In parliament, he often delivered speeches as the leader of the Liberal Party, attacking Bismarck's domestic policies, and was summoned by the judiciary for "libel". Monson angrily withdrew from parliament in protest.
Monson's main achievement is the study of ancient Roman history. The five-volume History of Rome (1854- 1885, the fourth volume is unfinished) is a historical masterpiece that he has painstakingly managed for 30 years. His profound knowledge and belief in democracy enabled him to bring new light to this ancient society of more than two thousand years. He warmly praised Caesar, who was rich in people's spirit and rewarded science and art, and regarded Pang Kui as just a junior officer who was good at training soldiers. This masterpiece shows the politics, economy, military, culture and customs of ancient Roman society in an encyclopedic way. The works are concise in writing, vivid in narrative, dramatic and vivid in characters, which has high literary value. The great achievements in Roman history have won the author a high reputation. Bismarck once said to the author with this book: "I have read the history of Rome over and over again. You see, the cover is almost worn out. "
Monson's other important works include Southern Italian Dialect (1850), Chronicle of Rome (1859), History of Roman Coinage (1860) and Collection of Civil Laws (1866-/kloc). The Complete Works of Latin Inscriptions (Volume 16, Volume 1867- Volume 1959) compiled by him not only has important historical value, but also has high artistic value. The preface he wrote for this book is considered as one of the most wonderful Latin prose in modern times.
1902, because he is "the greatest living master of historical writing, especially his landmark work" Roman History ",Munson won the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Swedish Academy believes that The History of Rome not only has complete and extensive academic value, but also has a vivid and powerful literary style ... His intuitive ability and creative ability have bridged the gap between historians and poets. (acceptance speech)?
Representative works: Southern Italian Dialect, Chronicle of Rome, History of Roman Coinage, Complete Collection of Civil Law, Roman Public Law, Roman Criminal Law, Latin Inscription, etc?
3, 1903? Bjornstjerne Bjornson 1832- 19 10)? Norway
Bjornstjerne Bjornson 1832- 19 10) is a Norwegian dramatist, poet, novelist and social activist. Born into a priest's family in Kvini, northern Norway. I like Norwegian ancient legends and folk stories since I was a child. 1852, Beyonce was admitted to the Royal Friedrich University. From 65438 to 0855, he wrote literary and drama reviews for Mo Ergen Bullard and contacted Ibsen and others. 1866 to 187 1 Editor-in-Chief of Noske Fu Bao, actively spreading national culture and promoting national independence. He, Ibsen and others insist on writing in the national language, taking folklore as the creative theme, and strive to develop Norwegian modern literature rooted in the local area.
Bionson's literary creation is rich and his dramatic achievements are the highest. 1857, he succeeded Ibsen as director and manager of Bergen National Theatre. Most of his plays have inherited the fine traditions of folk creation, such as Between Wars (1857), The Evil King Siegel (1862) and Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots (1863), which are as sensational as Ibsen's early historical plays.
From 1865 to 1867, he presided over the Christie Ania Theatre. In the 1970s, influenced by brandeis's radical thoughts, Beyonce took part in the actual struggle, made an investigation around the world, and created many social dramas reflecting contemporary problems. Famous representative dramas include Bankruptcy (1875), Editor-in-Chief (1875) and Emperor (1877). In these plays, Bert jon jonsson attacked the asset stage with sharp brushwork and realism, which caused great repercussions in Norwegian society.
Jansson's achievements in poetry and novels are also outstanding. I began to write poems during my college years, and most of them were included in poems and songs. The traumatic poem "Yes, we love this land" written by him in his later years has become the lyrics of the Norwegian national anthem. His novels mainly include Ani (1858), Happy Boy (1860), Fisherman's Daughter (1868), Courths's Property (1884) and The Way of God.
Beyonce and Ibsen are close friends in the literary world and their children's in-laws. Beyonce is as famous as Ibsen in the history of Norwegian literature. 1903, in order to "celebrate his noble, magnificent and brilliant works, which are often famous for their novel inspiration and rare pure spirit", Beyonce won the Nobel Prize in Literature. 19 10 died in Paris on April 26th. ?
Representative screenwriters: Between Wars, The Evil King Siegel, Mary Stuart, The Queen of Scots and other novels: Ani, Happy Boy, Fisherman's Daughter, Courths's Property, The Way of God and so on?
4, 1904? Jose Echegaray Izagiere (Jose Etchegaray Izagiere, 1832- 19 16)? Spain
Jose Echegaray I izaguirre (1832- 19 16) is a Spanish dramatist and poet. He was born in Madrid, and his father was the chairman of Hope Research in a local academic institution. Echegaray graduated with honors from Madrid School of Civil Engineering and became a professor of mathematics. At the same time, he was keen on political economy and became interested in drama. Before becoming a playwright, he was a mathematician, economist and social activist. He was the Minister of Commerce, Education and Finance of Spain, and an academician of the Spanish Language Institute and the Academy of Natural Sciences. 1874 after retiring from politics, he specialized in drama creation. His first play, The Book of Documentary, was staged in the famous Apollo Theatre in Madrid and was a success. In the next 30 years, he created more than 100 plays with different styles and became a rare prolific writer in the history of Spanish drama. His main works include The Enemy's Wife (1874), The hilt of the sword (1875), Immortality without madness (1877), Pillar and Cross (1878) and The Great Matchmaker.
Etchegaray's plays are rich in content and unique in style. His plays are rigorous in structure, strong in conflict and reasonable in origin, development and ending, but they are often sentimental and divorced from reality in romantic exaggeration. His plays are extremely outstanding and admirable in moral sense. He is particularly good at grasping the emotions of the audience and attracting the audience with strong expressive force and dramatic effect. His plays are recognized as the representative of late Spanish romantic dramas. "People think that it has restored the Spanish drama in the golden age, and people respect Etchegaray as the most moderns innovator of national drama poetry." (acceptance speech)
1904, "Because of its unique novel style, it revived the great tradition of Spanish drama", and Etchegaray and French poet Frederic mistral won the Nobel Prize in Literature at the same time.
His representative works include The Enemy's Wife, The Sword Handle, Either Crazy or Holy, The Pillar of Fire and the Cross, The Great Matchmaker, The Conflict of Two Obligations, The Uneasy Woman, etc.
1904 (ditto)? Frédéric Mistral (Frédéric Mistral, 1830- 19 14)? France
Frédéric Mistral (1830- 19 14) is a French poet. Born in Mayana, the mouth province of Rhone in ancient Provence. His beautiful hometown nurtured and cultivated his poetic feelings. Influenced by Provencal mother tongue and local customs, the poet wrote in Provencal language and praised the beautiful scenery and ancient culture of his hometown.
Mistral devoted himself to poetry creation after obtaining a law degree from Aix-Provence College. 1852, he published the first long poem Provence, and then spent seven years writing the long poem Miroi (1859), thus winning the world reputation.
After Miro Yi, mistral published another heroic epic, Ka Landahl (1866), Poems, Calendar (1867), Golden Island (1876) and narrative poem Nilt (/. In addition, his works include New Provence Dictionary (1879- 1886) and Memoirs of My Life-Memories and Stories (1906). These "works are like a tall and immortal monument to commemorate his beloved Provence" (award speech).
Provencal is an ancient language that has been silent for a long time. Now, thanks to the poet's efforts, it has become a living literature, which was a great event in the European literary world at that time. Mistral's great contribution to the renaissance of Provence literature made him an outstanding representative of Provence culture. In recognition of his creative achievements, the French Academy awarded him four awards, and the French Academy awarded him the Cross of Honor. 1904, because "his poems are novel, unique and inspiring, which faithfully reflect the natural scenery and the local feelings of the people", mistral and Spanish Echegaray both won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Representative poems: Ka Landahl, Calendar, Golden Island, Nat, Queen of Joan, Poem of Rhone, Harvest of Olives, etc? Memoirs: My Life-Memories and Stories
5, 1905? Henryk Sienkiewicz (,1846- 19 16)? Poland
Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846- 19 16) is a Polish writer. Born in Vla Okreya village not far from Warsaw. After graduating from high school, he was admitted to the Medical College of Warsaw University according to his mother's wishes, and transferred to his favorite literature department one year later. 187 1 year, when the Russian government changed the Warsaw institution of higher learning into Warsaw Imperial University, he angrily left the university and did not take the graduation exam to protest.
During his college years, Senkevich began his literary activities. 1872, he published satirical sketches and political articles in Polish newspaper and other newspapers under the pseudonym of Te Li Voss, and at the same time started a novella describing the life of college students, in vain. From 1876 to 1878, Xiankeweiqi visited the United States via Britain and France, and his letter to the United States was the impression of his trip.
From 1876 to 1882, Shankovich published a series of famous books in China, such as Charcoal Sketch (1877), Musician Ke Yang (1879) and Angel (/kloc-0). These works are highly ideological and artistic, and can be called the representative works of Polish realistic novels.
18883, Shankwich began to turn to the creation of historical novels. He has published a trilogy describing Polish historical events in the17th century: Fire and Sword (1884), Riptide (1886) and Mr. Vodo Iovski (1889). The trilogy has aroused great repercussions among readers. O. Wilson, a famous Swedish scholar, once spoke highly: "Polish epic didn't really blossom and bear fruit until Xiankeweiqi."
After the trilogy, Shankovich published the famous historical novels Where Do You Live (1896) and Crusaders Ride Ten (1900). Knight of the Crusader describes the heroic struggle of the Polish people against the Crusader invasion at the beginning of15th century. Where are you going? Known as "masterpiece reflecting ancient Roman society" and "real foundation/supervisor/religion/epic", it is popular in European and American literary circles and is one of the few novels with more than one million copies published in the19th century. 1905, Senkevich won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his outstanding achievements as a historical novel.
After the beginning of World War I, Shankovic moved to Switzerland, organized the "Polish War Victims Relief Committee" and served as the chairman/chairman of the Committee. 1916165438+10/5 died in Switzerland. 1924 10, his coffin was transported back to Warsaw by the Polish government for a state funeral.
Representative works include Charcoal Sketch, Musician Ke Yang, Angel, Fire and Sword, Riptide, Mr. Vodoyevsky, Where Do You Live, Crusader Rides Ten, Crusader Knight, etc.
6, 1906? giosueécard ucci( 1835- 1907)？ Italy
Gio Caldu (1835- 1907) is an Italian poet and literary critic. He was born in Vesilia, the son of a doctor and a member of the secret revolutionary organization Charcoal Party. Calduch was smart and studious since childhood, and was familiar with ancient Roman and Italian literature. After graduating with honors from Pisa Teachers College, he was employed as a teacher in a middle school. At the same time, a literary group with the aim of anti-romanticism was organized. 1860, recommended to give a lecture on rhetoric at the University of Bologna.
In his youth, Calduch was deeply influenced by bourgeois revolutionaries such as Ma Zhini and garibaldi. As early as 1950s, he clearly expressed the idea of national rejuvenation in his poetry collection "Yun Ji". The early collections of poetry, Youth Poetry (187 1) and Light Poetry and Serious Poetry (1861-1), praised the French bourgeois revolution and condemned foreign aggression and feudal autocracy. The famous poem Ode to Satan was completed in 1863 and published in 1865). It praises Satan's rebellious spirit, severely criticizes the sin of the church forces killing freedom and haircut, and praises the victory of people's haircut and material spirit for religion and the joy of human life.
187 1 After the establishment of the Italian Kingdom in, Caldu's rebellious spirit became more moderate and politically conservative. He joined the martyrs of the constitutional monarchy and was elected as a senator of the Italian parliament, and his poetry gradually lost its former edge. Poetry anthology New Poetry Banknotes (1861-kloc-0/887), Mange Collection (1877- 1889), Rhyme and Rhyme Poems (/kloc-0)
Calduch is also a famous literary critic and linguist. He has written many monographs and a series of insightful academic papers, such as Studies on Early Italian Literature: Poems of Poets and Knights and Development of Italian National Literature.
1906, "not only because of his profound knowledge and critical research, but also because of his unique creativity of excellent market information and lyrical charm of leisure style", Caldu won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
He died on 1907, with 20 volumes of Complete Works of Caldu behind him.
7, 1907? Rudyard Kipling (1865- 1936)? Britain, England
Rudyard Kipling (1865- 1936) is an English novelist and poet. His father was a teacher at Mumbai Art School, and later served as the principal of Lahore Art School and the curator of the museum. Kipling was sent back to England for education at the age of 6, and returned to India at the age of 17 after graduating from middle school. His father found him a job in Lahore as the deputy editor of Lahore military and civilian newspapers. Because of his work, he traveled to India and got a deep understanding of the life of British colonists in India.
1In September, 884, Kipling published his first short story, The Door of Sorrow, and since then he has published poems and short stories. In his early years, Kipling was famous for his collection of poems "doggerel by the authorities" (1886), collection of short stories "The Story of the Mountain" (1888) and "Three Soldiers" (1888). These works are fresh and natural in style, vividly showing the customs of India, which once made British readers feel refreshed at that time.
Kipling's creation reached its peak from the 1990s to the beginning of this century. His poems, Ballad of the Barracks (1892) and Seven Seas (1896), eulogized the British expeditions in foreign countries with heroic and humorous style, and won the title of "Imperial Poet" for poets. In terms of novels, there are the famous collection of short stories "The Resistance of Life" (189 1) and the most fascinating animal story The Jungle Book (1894- 1895), as well as the novel "The Lost Light" (189). King is Kipling's last work about India, and it is also recognized by critics as Kipling's best novel. In addition, the writer also created the famous fairy tale "Ordinary Story for Children" (1902) and historical story collection "Parker in Puke Mountain" (1906) and "Reward and Fairy" (65436). In his later years, Kipling experienced new changes in his creation due to the loss of his son and the pain of illness. Many of his works involve war trauma, morbid psychology, madness and death. The works of this period include a collection of short stories, Various People (19 17) and IOUs and Creditors (1926).
Kipling wrote 8 poems, 4 novels, 2 1 a collection of short stories and historical stories, and a large number of essays, essays and travel notes. His works are concise and exotic, especially short stories. Mark Twain once warmly praised Kipling's works and said, "I know Kipling's books ... they never turn white to me, they keep colorful colors;" They are always fresh. " Kipling won the 1907 Nobel Prize in Literature for his "observation ability, novel imagination, bold thinking and outstanding narrative ability", becoming the first British writer to win this honor. ?
Representative poetry collections: doggerel by government agencies, barrack ballads, Seven Seas Short Stories: The Story of the Mountain, Three Soldiers, Life Rebellion, The Jungle Book's short stories, Lost Light, Gold, etc.
8, 1908? Rudorf Eucken (1946- 1926)? Germany
Rudorf Eucken is a German philosopher. Born into a postmaster's family in Aurich, East Fries, Germany, he lost his family at a young age. His mother is the daughter of a missionary and a devout believer. Ou Ken likes to think about life and read books since he was a child. 65438-0863 entered the University of G? ttingen and studied at the University of Berlin. His main interests are ancient philosophy and history, especially Aristotle. After graduation, I became a middle school teacher. 187 1 year as a professor in university of basel, 1874 as a professor in the University of Jena, until 1920 when he retired. For more than 40 years, he taught in the open space by the river before dawn every day, which was very popular with students. In the meantime, he gave lectures at Harvard University as an exchange scholar.
Ou Ken called his philosophy "the philosophy of spiritual life", which belongs to the philosophy of life in the history of philosophy and merged with Dilthey and Bergson. He believes that philosophy should not be centered on abstract concepts, but on living life or life. Life or life is an evolutionary process. The primary stage is natural life, and the advanced stage is spiritual life. Spiritual life is essentially ethical, including realistic ideals and purposes, and personality is its attribute. Its highest state is to unify the individual spirit with the spiritual life system hidden in the course of human history and the spirit that dominates the universe. This kind of unity is to transcend oneself, to transcend here and now from bottom to top, and to enter a self-determined life from a constrained passive life. The meaning of life lies in constantly overcoming the contradiction between nature and spirit, individual and whole, making them unified and achieving lofty personality. All these processes of creation and evolution are fundamentally determined by the driving force of life from the universe. Ou Ken wants to unify and integrate the opposition between naturalism and rationalism, materialism and idealism in the history of philosophy with "the philosophy of spiritual life", but it is still a subjective idealism in essence.
Ou Ken's main works are: The Main Tide of Modern Thought (1878), Unity of Spiritual Life in People's Consciousness and Behavior (1887), Outlook on Life of Great Thinkers (1890) and Struggle for the Content of Spiritual Life (/kloc-). The basic line of the new outlook on life (1906), the meaning and value of life (1907), cognition and life (19 12), and the relationship between contemporary ethics and spiritual life (1965438+).
(1920), etc. His works are simple and easy to understand, without the obscurity of Kant and Hegel, and full of enthusiasm of "being born for heaven and earth".
1908, he was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature, in order to "commend his earnest exploration of Qi in many works, his insights, his broad vision, his enthusiasm, his bold expression, and his idealistic philosophy of maintaining and developing life without this technique".
Representative works: Main Tide of Modern Thought, Unity of Spiritual Life in People's Consciousness and Behavior, Outlook on Life of Great Thinkers, Fighting for the Content of Spiritual Life, Truth of Religion, Basic Route of New Outlook on Life, Meaning and Value of Life, Cognition and Life, Relationship between Contemporary Ethics and Spiritual Life, and Ou Ken's Essays.
9, 1909? Selmalaglov (1858- 1940)? Sweden
Selma lagerlf (1858- 1940) is a Swedish woman writer. Born in Mabaka village, Wemland province, western Sweden, a noble officer family. At the age of 3, he had difficulty walking because of lower limb diseases. I mainly rely on books and my grandmother who tells stories to accompany me day and night, and I have been exposed to many fairy tales and folklore in China.
From 65438 to 0882, Lagrov entered the Royal Women's Teachers College in Stockholm, the capital, and was baptized by science. She reads widely and dabbles in philosophy, theology and literature. After graduation, I worked as a primary school geography teacher for 10 years and engaged in writing in my spare time. 189 1 The first novel came out, which gained the common sense of the famous Danish literary critic brandeis and became famous at one fell swoop. Since then, he has published an excellent collection of short stories, Invisible Chains (1894), Queen of Kungahara (1899), novels, The Miracle of the Pseudo-Christ (1897), and Jerusalem (190/. Jerusalem is known as the "national epic" that reaches the highest artistic level.
From 65438 to 0897, Lagrov settled in Fallon in central Sweden. 1906 at the request of a primary school principal in Sweden, he promised to write a book suitable for children. The writer, who is nearly 50 years old, endured great pain caused by leg disease, and made field trips all over the country in order to collect relevant information. On the basis of carefully studying the living habits and laws of birds and animals and investigating local customs, she finally finished the world-famous fairy tale "The Adventure of Niels" (literally translated as "The Legendary Travels of Niels Hall Yesson in Sweden"). This work made the writer on an equal footing with Andersen.
1909, she won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her lofty idealism, rich imagination and simple and beautiful style. In her wonderful and moving acceptance speech, she expressed her heartfelt love and admiration for her father, her native land and the writers and thinkers who inspired her. Later, she also wrote Lionel Krone's House (19 1 1), Driver of Death (19 12) and The Portuguese Emperor (19/2). Criminals (19 18), Lei Wen Shaw trilogy (1925- 1928) and Anna Sweet returned to their ancestral home in Mabaka Farm in their later years to continue their writing. He also wrote a child's memory (1930), diary (1932), Christmas story (1938) and other important works.
1940 died in March 16 at the age of 82.
Representative short stories: The Invisible Chain, The Original Queen of Kunyu and other novels: The Miracle of Pseudo-Christ, Jerusalem, etc.
10, 19 10 year? Paul Heyes (1830- 19 14)? Germany
Paul Heyes (1830- 19 14) is a German writer. Born in Berlin, my father is a famous professor of linguistics, and my mother has a high literary accomplishment and has been engaged in translation and drama activities. Heise received a good family education and literary influence since childhood. When he was studying in middle school, he was appreciated by Gaibel, a literary celebrity, because of his unique literary talent. The two of them forged an unforgettable friendship. 1947- 1949, Heiser studied classical linguistics at the University of Berlin, and after being recommended by Gaibel, he joined the famous literary club "Tunnel on the Spree" in Berlin and began to write. From 65438 to 0852, I graduated from a university with a doctorate and traveled to Italy for one year with a scholarship. Italian customs and long history and culture have greatly influenced his creative style and aesthetic thought. During this period, he finished one of the best novels, The Pride Girl (1853), which made Heather famous in the literary world. 1853, recommended by Gaibel, became the court poet of King Maximilian II of Bavaria. He settled in Munich from 65438 to 0854 and lived there for half a century. During this period, his works were rich, and he was called the three superstars of Munich literature together with Gaibel and Friedrich Bodenstedt. 1868 After Gaibel returned to his hometown of Lubeck, Heyzer became a leading figure in Munich literature and enjoyed high prestige in Germany.
Heyzer is a prolific writer, who wrote nearly 70 plays, 9 novels and more than 80 short stories in his life. His major works include the plays Fort Kohl (1865) and Hadrian (1865), the novels Children on Earth (1859) and Children in Paradise (1875), and other works. Among them, novellas and short stories have made outstanding achievements. These well-known novelists and short stories have won world fame as writers, and writers are called novelists and short story masters.
Heise also wrote a lot of lyric poems and rhymes, and he is the most important lyric poet in contemporary Germany. The Swedish Academy called him "the charming poet of Apollo" (acceptance speech). In addition, Heyzer has a large number of papers and diaries, letters and translated works. "In order to praise this lyrical poet, dramatist, novelist and world-famous novelist for his artistic achievements full of ideological spirit in his long and prolific creative career", Nobel Prize in Literature awarded Heise on 19 10.
Representative script: Colburg, Hadrian, novel: Children on earth, in heaven? Novellas: Proud Girl, Trepi Girl, Andrea Delfim, Annina and Nerina.
Maurice maeterlinck (maurice maeterlinck, 1862- 19 1)? Belgium
Maurice maeterlinck (1862- 1949) is a Belgian playwright, poet and essayist. Born in Ghent to a notary family. He studied law in his early years, worked as a lawyer, and then went to Paris to participate in the symbolic literature movement. 188