Tonight (fū), watching it from the window of her room alone.
For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is.
Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight.
When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? .
Precautions:
1. Yanzhou: Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province today. At that time, Du Fu's family was in Qiang Village, Zhangzhou, and Du Fu was in Chang 'an. These two sentences imagine that his wife is pregnant with the moon alone in Zhangzhou.
2. pity: love. Unknown: I don't know yet.
3. Yunxiu: Ancient women's round hair accessories.
4. Her cloud is fragrant and foggy, and the jade shoulders are cold: the night fog has no fragrance, and the fragrance is scattered in the wife's cloud; The sad moonlight shone on his wife's jade arm and looked cold. The words "wet" and "cold" describe the scene that the night is deep and people are awake.
5. Illusion: transparent curtains. Double photo: corresponding to "watching alone" above, it indicates the expectation of future reunion.
About the author: Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770), Han nationality, with beautiful words, originally from Nanyang, whose name is Shaoling Yelao, etc. China was a great realistic poet in ancient times, and was called "Poet Saint". He wrote poetry all his life, and was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. In order to distinguish it from Li Shangyin of Du Mu, he was also called "Da Du Li". /kloc-more than 0/400 songs. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei, he was born in Gongxian (now gongyi city), Henan. The distant ancestor was Du Yu, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father was Du Xian. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.
Explanation: There is a bright moon over Yanzhou tonight. I'm here to see the moon. My wife must be alone in the boudoir: I hope Xianggong will come back soon!
Young children still don't know how to miss their father in Chang 'an. They just look at the round thing in the sky quietly: it's beautiful, like a white jade plate.
The sweet mist soaked his wife's hair, and the clear moonlight reflected her snow-white arm.
When can I lean against the curtains with her, look up at the bright moon and let it dry our tears? I can't help leaving tears in my wife's heart!
Background: In the spring of the 15th year of Tianbao (756), An Lushan attacked Tongguan from Luoyang. In May, Du Fu moved from Fengxian to Baishui (now Baishui County, Shaanxi Province) to his uncle. In June, Chang 'an fell, Xuanzong fled to Shu, the rebels entered Baishui, and Du Fu fled to Qiang village in Zhangzhou with his family. In July, Su Zong ascended the throne in Lingwu (now Lingwu County, Ningxia). Du Fu learned that he had arrived in Lingwu from Zhangzhou alone, only to be captured by Anshi rebels on the way and taken back to Chang 'an. This poem was written when I was trapped in Chang 'an, expressing my deep concern for my wife and family in the chaos. Love is profound and true, as clear as words, without any trace of being bound by metrical poems. The conception of this poem adopts the way of empathy. "My heart has been fascinated by the other side, and poetry has flown from the other side. It is extremely sad and exquisite, and every word reflects the wonderful color of the moon" (Reading Du Xinjie). Later poets often learn this rule.
Appreciation: titled Moonlit Night, the author saw the moon in Chang 'an. If you start from your own side, write "tonight, watch it alone in her bedroom window." But what worries him more is not his loss of freedom and uncertain situation, but how worried his wife is about his situation. So, I was deeply moved and touched, and directly wrote "She is far away in Fuzhou, watching the moonlight alone from the window of her bedroom". This has passed through a layer. I am alone outside, of course, watching the moon alone. Why does a wife "watch alone" when she has children around? "Our boys and girls, poor little babies, are too young to know where the capital is" was the answer. The wife is not admiring the natural scenery, but "remembering Chang 'an", while the younger children are inexperienced and don't know how to "remember Chang 'an"! The "memory" of the wife contrasts with that of the younger son, highlighting the word "independence" and reaching another level.
122 The words "cherish" and "recall" in couplets should not slip away easily. And this should be sung in connection with Tonight and Watching Alone. The bright moon is in the sky and can be seen every month. Watching it alone, especially tonight, naturally means watching it together in the past and watching it together in the future. The future "watching together" is reserved for the last. In the previous couplets, "watch together" was implied. "In Fuzhou, far away, she was watching the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room. Our boys and girls, poor little babies, are too young to know where the capital is. " -This is not clearly revealed that he and his wife had "watched" the moon and * * * "recalled Chang 'an" in the past? We know that before the Anshi Rebellion, the author was trapped in Anda for ten years and spent some time with his wife. Hungry and cold with his wife, watching the bright moon together in Chang 'an naturally left a deep memory. When Chang 'an fell and the family fled to Qiang village, it was difficult for them to "see" the moon and "remember Chang 'an" with their wives in Zhangzhou! Now I am trapped in a disorderly army, and my wife is "watching the moon" and "remembering Chang 'an" in Zhangzhou. That "memory" is not only full of bitterness, but also mixed with anxiety and panic The word "memory" is profound and thought-provoking. I used to enjoy the moon with my wife in Zhangzhou, "recalling Chang 'an". Although I have mixed feelings, I still share my worries for my wife. Nowadays, the wife "watches Zhangzhou Moon alone" and "remembers Chang 'an", and "pities" her little children for their innocence, which only adds to the burden. How can she share the worries? The word "pity" is also full of affection and touching. Children are still young, I don't know how to miss them, but how can I not miss them? ! Children's "not thinking" can better reflect the depth of adults' "thinking".
The third part further shows "recalling Chang 'an" through the image description of his wife enjoying the moon alone. The fog is wet and the clouds are ugly, and the moon is cold and jade arms. The longer I look at the moon, the deeper I miss it. I even worry about whether her husband is still alive. How can I not cry? And this is exactly what the author imagined. I can't help crying at the thought that my wife is worried and can't sleep at night Seeing the moon in both places, each has its own tears, which can not but arouse the hope of ending this painful life; So I ended with a poem expressing hope: "When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying?" ？” It is a hint to "take a double photo" and the tears start to dry, and then "watch it alone" and the tears don't dry.
This poem expresses the feeling of parting by looking at the moon, but it does not express the feeling of parting between ordinary couples. In the poem "Shu Huai" written half a year later, the author said: "Tongguan was broken last year, and my wife and son have been separated for a long time"; "Send a book to ask Sanchuan (Zhangzhou County where Qiang Village is located), I wonder if my home is there"; "A few people have a life? Do you want to be even! " Referring to two poems, it is not difficult to see that the tears of "watching alone" are saturated with the sorrow of world chaos, while the light of "double photos" shines with the ideal of universal peace. Between the lines, the pulse of the times is clearly discernible.
The title is Moonlit Night, and every word reflects the moon. "Looking alone" and "taking two photos" are the eyes of a poem. It is a reality to watch the moon alone, but from the opposite side, I only wrote that my wife watched the moon in Zhangzhou alone and remembered Chang 'an, while she watched the moon in Chang 'an alone and remembered Zhangzhou but was included. There are both memories and hopes in the "double photo": I am sad for tonight's "watching alone", recalling the same views in the past, and pinning my hopes on the future when I don't know. The text is concise and clear. As Huang Sheng said: "At this point, there is no need to be a poet!"
With the help of imagination, I write what my wife thinks of myself, and I also write what I think of my wife.
Wu Lang again.
Year: Tang Dynasty
Author: Du Fu-"The Rise of Wu Lang"
content
I never stopped any of my neighbors before I came to the hall, because she was a five-year-old woman.
If it weren't for poverty, how could such a thing be done? It is because I am afraid of her that I turn a blind eye to her.
It's unnecessary to see you defending you, but it's very real that you planted in the fence.
She said that land rent and forced taxes have become poor, and she thought of the current situation and tears of chaos.
Appreciate:
In the second year of Dali (767), that is, the second year of Du Fu's wandering to Kuifu, Sichuan, he lived in a thatched cottage in western Qin. There are several jujube trees in front of the thatched cottage. There is a widow in the west who often comes to play with dates, and Du Fu never interferes. Later, Du Fu gave the thatched cottage to a relative named Wu (that is, Wu Lang in the poem) and moved to Dongtun, which is more than ten miles away from the thatched cottage. Unexpectedly, when this surnamed Wu came, he built a fence in the thatched cottage and banned dating. The widow complained to Du Fu, who wrote this poem to exhort Wu Lang. Du Fu once wrote a poem "Just Jane Wu Lang", so the title of this poem is "Zaiwulang". Wu Lang is younger than Du Fu. Du Fu didn't say "Jane Wu Lang", but deliberately used the honorific word "presented", which seemed out of proportion to the other person's status and made Wu Lang easily accept it.
The first sentence of this poem comes straight to the point, starting with how I used to treat my neighbor's wife. "Jumping jujube" means beating jujube. Here, we don't use the word "hit" violently, but use this short and calm word "jump" in order to achieve the consistency of tone and emotional appeal. "Ren" means letting go. Why let go? The second sentence says, "No food, no children, no women." It turned out that this western neighbor turned out to be an old widow with no food and no children. The poet seems to be saying to Wu Lang: For such a poor and helpless woman, can we not let her arrange a date?
Three or four sentences are followed by one or two sentences: "Why don't poor people have this? I had to kiss just because I was afraid. " "Poverty" is a continuation of the second sentence: "this" refers to the jujube throwing incident. If it weren't for her poverty, where would she beat someone else's date? Because she is always in a state of fear when dating, we should not interfere, but show some kindness to reassure her. This shows that Du Fu is very sympathetic to the situation of the poor. Shaanxi folk song says: "Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, can know the sufferings of the people." It's true. The above four sentences, in one breath, were all before Du Fu's self-narration, in order to inspire Wu Lang.
Five or six sentences fell on Wu Lang. "It's really hard to stop visitors from afar, but it's true to insert hedges." These two sentences are interrelated, interdependent and complementary, and should be seen together. "Guard" means vigilance, and its subject is widow. "Guests from afar" refers to Wu Lang. "Too much" means worrying too much, or worrying too much. The subject of the next sentence is Wu Lang. The meaning of these two poems is that a widow will be afraid that you won't let her play with dates when she sees you put a fence. Although she is oversensitive, she is too nervous. However, as soon as you moved into the thatched cottage, you were busy planting fences, but it seemed that she was really forbidden to date! The implication is: you can't blame her for being oversensitive, but you are a little inconsiderate yourself. She is always fidgeting. If you don't show special kindness, that's enough Why build a fence? The wording of these two poems is very tactful and implicit. This is because I am afraid that I will speak too bluntly and learn too much, which will cause the other party's disgust, but it is not easy to accept suggestions.
The last two sentences, "I have been complaining about poverty to the bone, and I am in tears when I think about the army", are the crowning touch of the whole poem and the culmination of the whole poem. On the surface, it is an antithetical sentence, but actually it is not compound sentence, because it is a development process from near to far and from small to large between the upper and lower sentences. In the last sentence, Du Fu pointed out the social roots of widows and the poverty of the people at that time. This is the exploitation of officials, which is the so-called "solicitation" in the poem, which makes her extremely poor. This also further eased the widow's behavior of patting dates. The next sentence goes further, bigger and deeper, and points out another social root that makes people in dire straits. This is the war that has lasted for more than ten years since the An Shi Rebellion, which is the so-called "army horse". From a poor widow to a trivial matter of throwing dates, Du Fu was linked to the overall situation of the whole country and even shed tears. On the one hand, this is the natural expression of his thoughts and feelings of loving the motherland and the people; On the other hand, it is also a proper article to awaken and enlighten Wu Lang. Let him know: in this chaotic situation, there are still many people suffering, and there is definitely more than one widow; If the situation of the war does not change, even our own lives may be lost. Now we are guests from afar because of the war. Aren't you still living in my thatched cottage? The last poem seems a little too much, as if it has nothing to do with the theme of discouraging Wu Lang from putting a fence. In fact, it has a lot to do with it, and it is very useful. I hope he can stand taller and see farther, and if he wants to open up a little, he won't haggle over a few dates. It is from this place that we can see the poet's "painstaking efforts" and his attitude towards the people.
This poem has a strong popularity and distinct levels, which is particularly worthy of attention in the seven-character rhythm poem which is usually used to praise virtue and is characterized by "appealing to both refined and popular tastes". The artistic expression of poetry is also very distinctive. First of all, we should show ourselves, inspire each other with our own practical actions, awaken each other with irrefutable truth, and finally touch each other with our own tears, avoid abstract preaching, use euphemism and be as reasonable as possible. Secondly, function words commonly used in prose are used for transfer. Such as "inaction", "destiny", "accusation", "thinking", "namely", "convenient", "though" and "strange", can turn plain into vivid, with both the formal beauty and musical beauty of rhythmic poetry and the agility of prose, which is intriguing.
She is a woman who has no food and no son. How can you do such a thing not because you are poor, but because you are afraid of her and want to be nice. You should be on your guard when that poor woman sees her new owner. Although you are involved in many things, you seem to be too serious when you come, and you can't put down the sparse fence. The poor woman once told me that she was poor to the bone because of tax collection, so I thought of the disaster brought to the people by the continuous war, and my tears wet my towel.
Points for attention: ① statement: statement, respectful statement. This is a letter written in poetry. I wrote one before, and this is another, so it is said to be "presented again". Wu Lang: The author's relative. Lang is a nickname for people. Du Fu moved and gave the thatched cottage to a relative named Wu. As soon as relatives moved in, they put a fence around the thatched cottage to prevent others from playing dates. Du Fu didn't agree with this practice, so he wrote this poem to gently persuade him. 2 Jujube: Jujube. Ren: Let it go and don't interfere. West neighbor: it is the "woman" mentioned in the next sentence. 3 Not for: If not for. I'd rather have this: I won't do it. Refers to the poor woman playing with dates. 4 pocket: it is precisely because. Fear: refers to the fear of poor women. Turn close: it means that we should be more affectionate to her. (5) Immediately. Prevention of distant visitors: refers to a poor woman who is wary of her new owner. Worried: Over-sensitive and unnecessarily worried. 6 then: just. Hedging: It means that Wu Lang built some fences. Really: too serious. ⑦ Solicitation: the tax burden imposed by the imperial court. Poor to the bone: penniless. ⑧ Army: Military power refers to war.
A sobbing song by the river.
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A sobbing song by the river.
Author: Du Fu
Shaoling night always swallowed and cried, like a shadow of spring, I stole along the winding river.
There are thousands of palaces on the shore and new branches of willows. Who are you green for? 2?
I remember the colorful flags floating from the South Garden, which was full of colors.
The first lady of the kingdom, from the Sun Palace, waited on the emperor in his royal chariot.
The cavalry in front of them, everyone with bows and arrows, and snow-white horses, chewing yellow gold.
An archer, chest to the sky, through the clouds, smiling in his wings.
Where are those perfect eyes and those pearly teeth? A blood-stained soul has no home and nowhere to go.
Qing refers to the depths of the east Jiange, and there is no news.
People, who are compassionate, make a wish with tears in their eyes. Cao Jiang Waters is the ultimate 7!
Tatars on horseback, in the dim twilight, covered the town with dust. I fled to the south, but I still stared at the throne 8 in the north.
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The wild old man living in Shaoling (Du Fu claimed to be) cried silently and secretly came to Qujiang in spring. Thousands of doors are locked in the palace on the river bank. Who is the newborn willow green? Recall that when the emperor's colorful flags fell from Nanyuan, everything in the garden gave birth to brilliance. The first beauty of Zhaoyang Temple also traveled in the same car to accompany the emperor. The female official in the palace in front of the car carries a bow and arrow, and the white horse is covered with a golden bridle with a chew. Turn over and shoot at the clouds in the sky, and the birds that took off one by one fell to the ground with a smile. Where are Yang Guifei's bright eyes and teeth? Blood has defiled her wandering soul, and she will never come back! The clear Weihe River flows eastward, and the Jiange where Ming Taizu is located is so profound. There is no news of each other between those who left and those who stayed. Life is sentimental, tears wet the chest, rivers flow, rivers open, where do flowers stop? At dusk, Hu Qi blew the dust all over the city. I want to go to the south of the city, but I look north.
1. Du Fu's ancestral home is Ling Du in Chang 'an. Shaoling is the mausoleum of Emperor Xu of the Han Dynasty, which is located nearby. Du Fu once lived near Shaoling, so he called himself "Shaoling is old at night". Swallow and cry: Cry silently. Covert operation: I had to sneak here because I was under the jurisdiction of the rebels. Qujiang Song-A Corner of Qujiang tibetan songs.
2. This sentence means that the palace gate near Qujiang is closed and tourists are extinct. Who is green for? It means that the country is ruined and even the vegetation has lost its owner.
3. Ni Jing: Yun Ni-style bunting refers to the flag of the son of heaven. Nanyuan: refers to the Furong Garden in the southeast of Qujiang. Life color: Everything glows. Zhaoyang Hall: the name of the palace in Han Dynasty. Zhao Yanfei, the sister of Emperor Han Chengdi, once lived here, formerly known as Zhao Yi. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhao had more than Yang Guifei. The first person: the most favored person. The chariot on which the emperor rode. Ancient monarch and minister were different. This sentence means that the imperial concubine is favored beyond the norm.
4. Talents: female officials in the palace. Chew: bite. Gold necklace: A necklace made of gold.
5. Shoot the clouds up: shoot the birds up between the clouds. Laughter: Yang Guifei laughs because talented people shoot birds. Falling with flying wings: or the change of Ma Yi's post between Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei.
6. An Shi Rebellion wrote four sentences. Xuanzong ran from Chang 'an to Shu and passed by Mayi. The guards forced Xuanzong to kill Yang Guifei. "Biography of Yang Guifei in the Old Tang Dynasty": "When Tongguan fell, from luckily to Ma Wei, the imperial general Chen secretly instigated the prince and killed his father and son. Before the fourth army dispersed, Xuanzong sent Lux to ask, saying that the thief was still there, referring to the imperial concubine. Lux played again, but the emperor refused to take it. He consulted with the princess and hanged himself in the Buddhist temple. " He is 38 years old and lives by the road in Yixi. Qingyi: The Weihe River is clear and flows through Mayi Yinan. Yang Guifei was buried by the Weihe River. Jiange: In the north of Jiange County, Sichuan Province, Xuanzong passed through Shu.
7. guess: chest. Ultimate: exhaustion. In this sentence, flowers and plants are ignorant and remain unchanged year after year, so there is no end.
8. Hu Qi: refers to the cavalry of the rebels. Want to go to the south of the city: Du Fu lives in the south of the city at this time. It's dusk and it's time to go back to his residence. Looking north: looking north at the place where the government forces are located, looking forward to recovering Chang' an as soon as possible. At that time, Su Zong was in Lingwu, located in the north of Chang 'an.
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Poetic eyes: sadness
At the beginning, the first sentence creates a strong artistic atmosphere, and then writes whether sneaking around in spring is mourning, whether seeing things hurt is mourning, and finally it is extremely sad to distinguish between the north and the south. The word "mourning" covers the whole article, depressed and frustrated, and the mourning pen is far-reaching
This poem was written in the spring of 757, the second year of Zhide. Qujiang, located in the south of Chang 'an (now dry), was once a tourist attraction for aristocratic bureaucrats and ladies in the Tang Dynasty, and it was rich and prosperous. Due to the occupation and destruction of An Shi Rebellion, it became closed and depressed. Looking back on the past, the poet felt that Xuanzong's extravagance led to the tragedy of the country's ruin and death. The poet begins with the change of Qujiang scene, and tells the historical tragedy of the country's demise with Yang's pampering and tragic death, with both condemnation and pity for them. Finally, express the desire of counterinsurgency. Critics of all ages have attached great importance to the implicit critical style of this poem. For example, "Du Shi Shuo": "Poetry cherishes your wife, so it is called the ear by the luck of Jiangtou." This poem is half-baked and half-exposed. If you are sad, you will find it very appropriate to use a pen like this. "
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
Precautions:
Yueyang Tower: The Yuexi Gate Tower in Hunan, overlooking Dongting Lake and Junshan, is full of weather. Zhang Tang said it was built in Beijing, and Song Tengzi built it in Beijing. It is famous for Fan Zhongyan's masterpiece Yueyang Tower.
The first couplet: Qiu's Detailed Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems, Yesterday's News and Today's Rise. Xi Chu Deng also. "Dongting water, namely Dongting Lake. In today's northern Hunan, on the south bank of the Yangtze River, it is the second largest freshwater lake in China. It is connected to Hunan, Zi, Yuan and Li in the south and Songzi, Taiping, Dianchi and Diaoxian in the north. It used to be called "Eight Hundred Li Dongting". "
Zhuan Xu: Wu Chu was the name of the Spring and Autumn Period. Generally speaking, Wu is in the east of the lake and Chu is in the west of the lake. Dongting seems to separate the two. Split, split, separate. Gan Kun, here refers to the sun and the moon.
Neck link: There is a lonely boat, in a lonely boat. Yes, I am. At that time, Du Fu was 57 years old, his shoulders were deaf and numb, he was sick, and his family was wandering in the water, so he said, "I am old, weak and sick, and I am alone with my boat."
Tail League: There are wars and mountains to the north of the Great Wall, which were invaded by Tufan in 1960. The war is still going on.
Appreciate:
This poem depicts the momentum of Dongting Lake, shows the poet's lonely and desolate life experience, and reflects his nostalgia for his loved ones and worries about national affairs.
★ Pay attention to combining the background of the author's writing with appropriate music to set off the atmosphere in the Chinese classroom and let them enjoy learning. Other attention should start with reading aloud (with appropriate music), then talk about the background, and finally talk about the difficulties.
I wish you success _'