The name of the seal, the ink of the word, the fine print and Shen.
Used pen name: Nanhu, Yun Zhonghe.
Xu Zhimo is a representative poet of Crescent School. 19 15 graduated from Hangzhou No.1 Middle School and studied in Shanghai Hujiang University, Tianjin Beiyang University and Peking University successively.
19 18 went to the United States to study banking. 192 1 went to study in the uk and became a special student at Cambridge university in London, studying political economy.
During my two years in Cambridge, I was deeply influenced by western education and romantic and aesthetic poets in Europe and America.
192 1 Start writing new poems.
1922 After returning to China, he published a lot of poems in newspapers and periodicals.
1923, participated in the establishment of crescent society and joined the literature research society.
1924 founded Modern Poetry Review with Hu Shi and Chen Xiying, and was hired as Professor Peking University. Translated by Tagore, a great Indian poet, when he visited China.
From 65438 to 0925, he went to Europe and traveled to the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, France and other countries.
From 65438 to 0926, he was the editor-in-chief of the supplement of Morning News Poetry Magazine, and started the metrical movement of new poetry with Wen Yiduo and Zhu Xiang, which influenced the development of new poetry art. In the same year, he moved to Shanghai and served as a professor at Guanghua University, Daxia University and Nanjing Central University.
1927 participated in the establishment of Crescent Bookstore. The following year, he served as editor-in-chief after the publication of New Moon. And travel abroad to Britain, the United States, Japan, India and other countries.
65438-0930 Member of China Cultural Fund Committee, elected as a member of British Poetry Society. In the winter of the same year, he taught in Peking University and Peking Women's University.
193 1 At the beginning of the year, he founded Poetry Quarterly with Chen and Fang, and was elected as the director of China Branch of Pen Club. In the same year165438+1October, 19, flying from Nanjing to Beiping, the plane crashed into a mountain near Jinan due to a level 7 fog, causing death.
Poetry is composed of
Zhimo's poems, a night of cold jade, tigers, traveling,
Essays
Keywords deciduous leaves, scales and claws in Paris, self-dissection, autumn,
The novel "Spring Scar" and the prose collection "Roulette",
Translation of drama Bian Kungang (co-written with Lu Xiaoman), Diary of Ashamey, Diary of Zhimo and Mansfield's novels.
His works have been edited and published as Collected Works of Xu Zhimo.
Xu Shi's poems are fresh, harmonious in rhythm, novel in metaphor, rich in imagination, beautiful in artistic conception, elegant in thought and full of changes. He pursues neatness and splendor in artistic form and has a distinct artistic personality. He is a representative poet of the Crescent School. His prose is unique and has achieved no less achievements than poetry. Among them, Self-Anatomy, Want to Fly, Cambridge as I Know It and Chatting in Yushan Residence are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
Fiction, drama and translation
In his creative career of nearly ten years, Xu Zhimo not only wrote poems and essays, but also created some novels and plays and engaged in translation. He first published his first novel "An unimportant memory" in February 1923, 1 1, and then wrote some * * * eleven articles intermittently, and then published an anthology called Roulette, which is his only anthology.
His novels are nothing but about the life of overseas students in China and some social fashions abroad. At the same time, some of them are based on some aspects of China's social life, with limited subject matter and limited capacity. His novels mostly use romantic brushwork, paying attention to the exploration of characters' inner feelings and the depiction of psychological activities. In the novel, the author also uses poetic sentence patterns, colorful images and lyrical style, so his works are romantic and lyrical, with "unique brilliance" (Shen Congwen: Roulette? Preface) style. Some of his novels are too brief, close to sketching and not so "complete"; Some are just "straightforward, without twists and turns, with little change." ("roulette? It must be pointed out that most of his novels are about the common love between men and women, and rarely touch on the sharp problems of universal significance in society at that time.
Xu Zhimo also enthusiastically advocated drama activities. 1923 when the crescent society was founded, he actively organized drama activities, founded drama magazines, acted in plays, but rarely wrote plays. He only wrote one play, Bian Kungang, which was co-written with Lu Xiaoman. There is no big impact. In Xu Zhimo's literary career, translation is an important aspect, and his translation and creation are almost synchronous. He writes poems and translates them. He writes novels and essays, and also translates them. There are two short stories, Garden Club and Happiness, with more than 20 articles. Eight of them were selected and translated by Xu Zhimo, translated from Cambridge, England to Shanghai, China, and published by Shanghai Beixin Bookstore 1927. 1925, he translated Voltaire's novel "Gandide" and serialized it in the supplement. Published by Shanghai Beifang New Bookstore on June 1927, it is listed as one of the famous books in Europe and America. In August of the same year, he and Shen Xingren jointly translated the English writer James? The novel of the Sphinx Mary? Mary, also published by Shanghai Crescent Bookstore. In addition, he translated some poems and essays. Xu Zhimo's translation also has his preference. He said, "Except Mansfield is my favorite, the rest can be regarded as occasional translations." ("Mary Mary? Preface)
"New Moon" activity
When people look at Xu Zhimo and his works, they will always think of the Crescent School. They regard him as the representative writer of the Crescent School and call him the "leader" of the Crescent School. This is because the formation and demise of the Crescent School are closely related to him, and he participated in the whole activities of the Crescent School. His works reflect the distinctive features of the Crescent School.
It took about ten years from the establishment of Crescent Society to the gradual formation of a literary school-Crescent School, in which Xu Zhimo always played an important role.
1In the spring of 923, Xu Zhimo set up a club in Beijing to compile plays, hold annual meetings and lantern festivals on holidays, and recite poems and draw pictures. Out of interest in the Indian poet Tagore's New Moon, Xu Zhimo nominated the word "New Moon" as the name of the club, hence the name of the New Moon Club.
Before 1925, Xu Zhimo not only wrote poems, but also contacted members of the crescent society to engage in drama activities. From June 65438, 0925 to June 65438, 0926, Xu Zhimo edited the Morning Supplement, and from April 65438, 0926 to April 65438, 0926, he founded the Morning Poetry Magazine. At this time, Wen Yiduo had returned from the United States and participated in the compilation of Poetry Magazine. Except for the third and fourth issues edited by Wen Yiduo and the fifth issue edited by Rao Mengkan, all the issues were edited by Xu Zhimo. Xu Zhimo also wrote Poetry Magazine and Poetry Magazine Holiday. The authors of Poetry Magazine are committed to creating China's new metrical poems and discussing the art of poetry. Therefore, the establishment of Morning Post Poetry Magazine marks the formation of a poetry school-Crescent Poetry School, whose purpose is to "make the content and form of poetry show the power of beauty and become a perfect art" (Yu: Zhi Mo Poetry).
1927 In the spring, due to political changes and other reasons, some members of Crescent Society gathered in Shanghai. At this time, Xu Zhimo also married Lu Xiaoman and moved to Shanghai. Xu Zhimo went out to visit relatives and friends, contacted Wen Yiduo, Hu Shi, Shao, Liang Shiqiu, Yu, Jiu and others, and founded Crescent Bookstore in Huanlong Mountain Villa, Huanlong Road, Shanghai. Hu Shi was the chairman, Yu Shangshen was the manager, and he was the successor for a long time. 1In March, 928, Xu Zhimo was a professor at Guanghua University, Soochow University and Daxia University, and at the same time founded the monthly New Moon. New Moon consists of four volumes and forty-three issues, ending on June 1933. It not only published the works of members of the Crescent School, but also published the works of writers with progressive ideological tendencies such as Yu Dafu, Ba Jin, Ding Ling and Hu Yepin. However, this is the late stage of the activities of the crescent school. Although the members were different in the later period, they became increasingly reactionary in terms of their overall political inclination. However, the crescent school is engaged in poetry creation, and it seems that this "main line" of studying new poetry has not been interrupted. 193111October 20th, Xu Zhimo, Chen, Shao, etc. Another quarterly magazine, Poetry Magazine, was published in four issues. 193 1 September, Chen started with Morning Poetry magazine, Crescent Magazine and Poetry Magazine. 193 1 1 On June 9, 2008, Xu Zhimo died of a plane crash, and the Crescent School was dominated by Liang Shiqiu and Hu Shi. 1June 30, 933 "New Moon" was published in four volumes and seven issues.
To sum up, from the establishment of the Crescent Society to the formation of the Crescent School and its main activities (especially literary activities), Xu Zhimo played a leading role in it. He is indeed a representative of the crescent school, which has played a certain role in promoting and influencing the development of new poetry. However, they excessively pursue form and meter and go astray. In particular, there was a crisis in Xu Zhimo's later thought and creation. He lamented: "Year after year, the new moon looks round and the circle looks incomplete." (Revelation of Love)
1June, 933, with the publication of New Moon, the activities of the whole Crescent School were suspended.