Image and sustenance
Looking at poetry theory, it is not difficult to see that image is an important feature of poetry, especially in ancient poetry. Poetry critics clearly put forward that "the beauty of ancient poetry lies in seeking images" (Hu Yinglin's poems). In a sense, image is the author's thoughts and feelings, and it is also the expression of human consciousness activities triggered by objective things. Hegel thinks it is "the unity of the subjectivity of the artist and the truth and objectivity of expression." We can know that once we combine objective images with subjective thoughts, various images can be expressed in words. Passing through the south of the Bird's Nest, Kunming chicken is sad, the scenery is not temporary, and things are not the same place. The image originally has no specific meaning. Because the author combines two levels with concrete thoughts and feelings, it has a brand-new meaning. The cicada image in poetry has a reasonable basis. Qian Zhongshu put forward that "there is nothing in the poem, but we don't take things, and we pool together. The so-called' words here, meaning there' can be said to be a sustenance." Entrustment is very important in poetry theory, and predecessors thought that chanting poems was superior to entrustment. During the Southern Song Dynasty, a school of sustenance appeared among poets. The Preface to Song Sijia's Selected Poems says: "The most important thing in chanting is meaning, which runs through it and deepens without trace." Zhang Yan also put forward in Etymology that "what is recited is in the eye, and the eye does not stay in the object." Creative norms. Therefore, we can say that the beauty of object-chanting poems lies in implication, but the implicit beauty can't be pointed out. It entrusts with some emotion, mentality and life sentiment. As a masterpiece of chanting poems, chanting poems are bound to be permeated with correct images and sustenance. Based on this, we can see the beauty of image change through the presence or absence of sustenance in poetry.
Second, cicada poetry has no sustenance
As a tiny creature, it has been taken care of by poets and entered poetry. As far as its initial stage is concerned, it is only an objective and natural thing, which is mainly reflected in the poems of the early Tang Dynasty. Cicada first appeared in the Book of Songs in July: "Singing in May", and cicada is cicada. The chirping of cicadas is a true portrayal of farming brought by seasons. Another poem "Ya * Dang": "Like a cockroach, like boiling soup", Zhu commented that "when a cockroach is a cicada. Such as cicadas, such as boiling soup, are chaotic. " It can be seen that the life characteristics of cicada singing have attracted the poet's attention, and poetry shows the primitive life habits of insects singing. "When the cool wind comes, the dew falls and cicadas sing" (Book of Rites * Moon Order), cicadas, like crickets and other small insects, are a simple phenology. With the further development of poetry, there have been a large number of poems about cicadas, but the author does not intend to give anything or entrust it. Fan Yun of the Liang Dynasty chanted the poem "Spring is thin ice, but its quality is lighter than autumn dust". The tail is bright and the sound is clear. " This poem describes the cicada's shape, sound, activity time and many other characteristics, and describes its lifestyle delicately and aptly. Another example is the poem "Scared Early Cicada" written by Shen Junyou and Lu Tingwei in Liang Dynasty. "Sunset gives birth to a strong wind, and cicadas wait for the festival. The land is quiet and the leaves are noisy. " Another example is the Song of Chanting Cicada by the King of Sui Dynasty. "Garden willow cold for a long time, cicada should be surprised. Exposed to constant humidity. The wind is high and the wings are light, and Ye Fei is more smooth. " These poems, such as these, are either written in the autumn evening or in life activities, but they generally describe the living environment and the existing space of cicadas in a specific environment, which cannot be said to be excellent works of chanting things. Although this kind of cicada-chanting poems did not skillfully use this style, they still maintained their inherent style. There are also many good sentences that have been passed down, adding bright colors to poetry. Show a unique emotion. But what really makes cicada famous in poetry is the works with sustenance.
Three kinds of sustenance endow cicada with image beauty.
Cicada can win a good reputation in poetry, which depends on its development in Tang poetry. As we all know, the Tang Dynasty was an era of poetry, and the expression of "one method" was put into the pen of the Tang people, and began to get rid of the blunt and immature techniques and enter a realm of free use and unprovoked expression, and the significance of tokens exceeded that of the previous dynasties. Many theories originated from this. Shen Xianglong said: "The merit of chanting things is to borrow things to contain temperament. All the feelings of life experience and worries about the country are hidden in it, and you are deeply attached to it. " This point has been clearly reflected in many poems about cicadas in the Tang Dynasty. In this poem ... >>
Question 2: What does cicada mean? A symbol of nobility. The ancients believed that cicadas lived by eating wind and drinking dew, and regarded cicadas as a symbol of nobility, and praised them, or used them to entrust their ideals and ambitions, or to compare their bumpy and unfortunate life experiences. The most famous is the Tang Dynasty poem "Three Musts". The cicada in Yu Shinan's Cicada "without autumn wind" has become a confession for the poet to stand upright and clean and not be reused by external forces. Luo's "Chanting Cicadas", "The cicadas in the west sing, and the guests in the south think deeply", expresses their thoughts by singing cicadas, writes that the current situation is sinister, political dissatisfaction, and speech is suppressed. Li Shangyin's "Cicada", "You are hungry because of pure heart, and you sing all night for nothing" is to associate his innocence with the purity of cicada, and people who sympathize with cicada associate themselves differently.
Question 3: The meaning of ginger cicada What does cicada mean, not you?
Question 4: What does the Buddhist cicada mean? Zen Buddhism theory is an important theory of Buddhism in China. Zen, the full name of Zen, comes from Sanskrit, which translates as "meditation" and "ideological practice", meaning to meditate, concentrate on a situation and think deeply about Buddhist principles. "Zen", that is, stop watching, "stop" is inner peace, and "watch" is thinking about something. Zen was originally a common practice method of various sects in ancient India, but it has special significance in Buddhist life and philosophy. Zen is a kind of meditation. Buddhism in China often refers to Zen and meditation as "meditation", which has a wide meaning.
As a Buddhist practice, Zen is different from Mahayana. Its same purpose is to calm the body, concentrate, eliminate inner interference and external temptation, focus on certain observation objects, and think according to the position and principles of Buddhism, so as to obtain spiritual liberation.
definition
Zen is the language of Tianzhu. There is Yunchan.
China turned to "thinking practice". Also known as "meditation". The general name of "abstinence, determination and wisdom" is also.
The origin is the truth of all beings. Also known as Buddha nature. It is also famous.
The name of enlightenment is wisdom. Fixed name. Ding Huitong is called "Zen".
This nature is the origin of Zen. Therefore, the source of Yunchan.
Language: Zongmi is one of the volumes of The Complete Interpretation of Zen Source.
Yuan Qi
Zen is translated from the Sanskrit word Zen. In today's words, "Zen" is actually a foreign word, meaning "thinking cultivation" or "meditation", which belongs to one of the six degrees of Bodhisattva and refers to a method of practice.
The Buddha founded religion, and established "abstinence, determination and wisdom" as the basic three studies, which is the fundamental method that every Buddhist must practice. The "Zen" we are talking about here is the Zen advocated by Zen; There are both similarities and differences with the meditation in Six Degrees.
In India, "meditation" can be said to be the oldest practice method, which was popular long before the establishment of Buddhism. After Buddhism was introduced into China, all the ancestors and sects in the past dynasties took "meditation" or "Zen view" as the basis for practicing. Associated with "Zen" are Zen ideas, meditation, Zen mind, Zen meaning, Zen taste, Zen style, Zen machine and other Zen words derived from Zen, which are really colorful and charming.
After the rise of Zen, the "Zen" advocated by Zen has the same side as the original "Zen view" or "meditation", but it has its own different side. So what's the difference?
First, Zen's Zen is an understanding. It is not so much the "meditation degree" in the six degrees as the "wisdom degree" in the six degrees.
Secondly, Zen pays attention to the direct dialogue between scholars and their teachers to inspire the wisdom of scholars.
Thirdly, the first step of Zen is enlightenment, and it is believed that only by "practicing after enlightenment" can we get twice the result with half the effort.
Fourth, the practice of Zen Buddhism is to closely combine daily life with purifying people's hearts, thinking that "a normal heart is the Tao" and "Buddhism is inseparable from the world", thus following God into the WTO.
Question 5: What does the jade pendant (cicada) mean? The ancients thought cicadas were noble, "Historical Records? Biography of Qu Yuan and Biography of Jia Sheng say: "Cicadas slough in filth and stay away from floating dust. "Cicada has been living in muddy water until it finally becomes an adult. When it takes off its shell and becomes a cicada, it flies to a big tree and drinks only dew, which is an undyed sludge, so it is highly praised by the ancients. At the same time, cicadas can live underground and emerge. Since the Han Dynasty, the appearance of cicada has been used as a metaphor for the rebirth of human beings. If you put the jade cicada in the mouth of the deceased, it is called "cicada-shaped jade" in idioms, which means that the soul will never die and be reborn. And wearing cicadas means nobility. Therefore, the jade cicada is not only an ornament for strangers, but also a jade buried with the dead. Nowadays, all kinds of cicada-shaped jade articles can often be seen in the unearthed cultural relics since the Han Dynasty, and even in modern jade articles, such jade articles can often be found. There are three kinds of jade cicadas, one is to wear cicadas on top; The second is the crown cicada, which is used for hat decoration and is not dazzling; The third kind is cicada, the tongue depressor in the dead population. It's small, but it's over an inch long. The knife method is simple and there is no puncture. According to archaeological records, the jade cicada appeared as early as the Neolithic Age. Jade cicadas were unearthed from Fu Hao's tomb in the famous Shang Dynasty Yin Ruins, and some jade pendants and jade cong unearthed were decorated with cicada patterns. It can be seen that the image of cicada, as a decoration, has existed for thousands of years. Jade cicada in Han Dynasty is known as "Eight Knives of Han Dynasty" because of its concise lines, rough and powerful lines, bright and clean surface, sharp edges and sharp wings. After that, the decorative patterns of the jade cicada became more and more complicated, and some wings were put aside like the wings of flies, which had long lost the appearance of the jade cicada in the Han Dynasty, especially the edges and wing tips of the utensils were polished into rounded corners, which was also an important basis for judging whether it was a jade cicada in the Han Dynasty. The difference between Peichan, Guanchan and Cicada is that Peichan has a pair of elephant nose eyes drilled into the shape of ∨, which are used for threading and are easy to wear. The crown cicada is dazzling in the abdomen, with straight eyes and trunk eyes, which can be fixed on the hat by threading; As for cicadas, there is no need to wear any holes, and it is not difficult to distinguish the three. Cicada occupies a high position in the minds of the ancients and has always been regarded as a symbol of purity, loftiness and spirituality. Jade cicada is a noble ritual vessel and a symbol of status.
Question 6: What does it mean to carve cicadas on jade? It means "blockbuster", or it can mean reading a book at will (because it's also called cicada), and the voice is up.