1. Say the spell.
Ancient poetry is a basic written language form in China ancient literature. The space-time distance of more than 3,000 years separates it from modern students. Learning ancient poetry is like making friends with strangers. Only by dismantling the psychological defense line that separates thousands of miles can students get close to ancient poetry and learn it well. Ancient poetry is often ambiguous and difficult to understand, but its language is highly concise, paying attention to the harmony of sound and rhyme and catchy. As long as you read more books, you will definitely read its charm. To read, you must first read pronunciation and understand meaning, then read rhythm and tone, and then read meaning. When reading, we should use different means to stimulate the interest in reading aloud. Listening to tapes, teacher's demonstration reading, whole class reading, group reading, individual reading and competition reading are all good forms to stimulate students' desire to read aloud. Like the lesson "Liu Yong" above, let the students read against the notes to solve the problem of word pronunciation and meaning, then let the students draw the sentence rhythm while reading (the difficult points are answered by the students), and then find out the tone to be changed when reading (such as "I don't know who cut the thin leaves", interrogative tone, arrogant tone, etc.). The students quickly got into the role and shook their heads to read books, which looked very interesting. Of course, this is only a preliminary feeling of the charm of ancient poetry, and it is the lowest level of reading.
Second, read the sentiment.
Love is the beating heart of the writer and the soul of the article, which permeates between the lines. If students can actively participate in subjective feelings through the vocabulary, tremble with the author's pulse, with the heartbeat of words, and with the emotion of words, they can read the feelings of children, the sounds of mountains and rivers, the joy of the countryside and the childlike interest of ancient poems, and also read the "classics" of ancient poems and exciting emotional points. Only when teachers find the emotional points of each ancient poem (which is the key to break through the key points) and guide students to appreciate it, can students' own emotions resonate with the author's emotions and shine a dazzling spark.
3. Reading meaning.
China's classical poetry is the most compact and concise literary style. It often uses images to render the atmosphere and uses jumping lines to express the artistic conception. Its harmonious rhyme, sonorous, tortuous, overlapping, lively or implicit, can only be appreciated by reading aloud and singing repeatedly. Only by reading it properly can the square characters in front of us be transformed into vivid pictures.
Fourth, read the taste.
The fourth level of reading ancient poetry is to learn to appreciate. In layman's terms, it is to learn a little "judging", which is the best way to improve the appreciation taste and aesthetic ability. It requires grasping the artistic image through the literary language of the work, specifically understanding the face and essence of social life reflected by the image, understanding the author's thoughts and feelings, and tasting the artistic skills of the work, so as to obtain joy and pleasure. This is an activity of spiritual interaction. It requires students to actively participate in the artistic prospect constructed by the author and the re-creation based on the text provided by the author on the basis of the previous "three readings", so as to obtain a unique aesthetic feeling. The angle of appreciation can be selected from the following aspects: overview of the whole poem, analysis of associative meaning, taste of words, rhetorical recognition, picture appreciation, thinking experience, emotional appreciation, style recognition, artistic conception exploration and so on.
5. Read the aftertaste.
"The reverberation lingers for three days" is the feeling brought by good music. Reading ancient poems can also read this taste. "There are more than enough people studying, and it takes a long time to update." We should read more ancient poems and innovate constantly. Explaining the content through translation, reappearing the artistic conception through description, expressing feelings through lyricism, communicating feelings through chanting and innovating ideas through appreciation are all good ways to read ancient prose. However, if you want to read with endless aftertaste, you must set off another climax after class, so that students can have endless aftertaste in colorful.
The teaching of ancient poetry and prose can really make students understand the "five flavors", and it is also a day for us to thoroughly understand the new curriculum standards and use new textbooks.
Classical poetry is the essence of Chinese culture and a bright pearl in the treasure house of world culture and art. Article 2 of the Chinese Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education puts forward the requirement of "understanding the richness and breadth of Chinese culture and absorbing the wisdom of national culture". It has become the requirement of the times for Chinese teaching to let students recite a certain number of ancient poems. But we believe that reading ancient poems is not only for exams,
Reading ancient poems has many advantages.
1, cultivate imagination.
The lines of ancient poetry are very concise, and a few words can sum up a lot. Then when students appreciate ancient poems, their imagination can be well cultivated. They can imagine the content of the poem while reading. Mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, insects and fish, rain and snow can all describe the artistic conception in the poem through imagination, thus loving the great rivers and mountains of the motherland more.
2. Cultivate sentiment.
Many ancient poems contain profound philosophy of life, from which students can get enlightenment from life, learn the truth of being a man, and improve their taste and cultivation.
3. lay a solid foundation for writing.
Du Fu has a famous poem: Reading breaks ten thousand volumes, and writing is like a god. This means that if you read more books, you will naturally have no trouble writing articles. Of course, I should pay attention to the quality of reading. Only by reading more and studying hard can we really build a bridge to writing.
The principle of reading rhyme or pause in ancient poetry
The examination of pause and rhythm of ancient poetry is a common question in the examination papers of some provinces and cities in recent years. To do this problem well, we must follow the following principles:
First of all: understanding its meaning helps to determine the correct pause.
One of the dogs is sitting in the front. The correct pause (wolf) is: first, the dog sits/stands in front.
Because this sentence means: one of them (the wolf) sits in front of (the butcher's) like a dog. Some people will pause like this: a dog/sitting in front, because "dog" is mistaken for the subject, which is obviously not in line with the text.
Another example: you can fight a war. (Cao Gui Debate) The correct pause is: We can/can fight each other. However, some people often draw "can"/"World War I" because he regards "can" as the word in modern Chinese, while "can" in ancient Chinese is actually two words, which can be translated as "can rely on".
Secondly, mastering some knowledge of ancient culture and analyzing sentence structure and its components will also help to determine the correct pause. The following situations need to be suspended:
(1) There can be a pause between the subject and the predicate.
I/saw it. (Cao Gui Debate)
The first emperor/not a minister is despicable. ("model")
Give/love alone/lotus leaves are muddy but not stained. ("Ailian said")
(2) There can be a pause between the verb and the object.
Such as: Xun/Zhang Huaimin (Night Tour in Chengtian Temple)
Dear/kind, far/mean. ("model")
Carved/Tang Xian's modern poems/on it. (The Story of Yueyang Tower)
(3) You can pause before turning a conjunction in a sentence.
For example, the first emperor/career was not halfway/and the middle road collapsed. ("model")
People don't know/are not satisfied. (The Analects of Confucius)
Husband/ring and attack it/but it is invincible. ("If you gain more help, if you lose it, you will get less help")
(4) Preposition phrases can be paused.
Be appointed/defeated, ordered/in danger. ("model")
(5) If there are words such as "Fu, Gai, Qi, therefore" in the sentence expressing the mood of argument, inference, rhetorical question and result, you can pause after these modal particles.
Such as: husband/war, brave also. (Cao Gui Debate)
If it rains, it won't open for months. (The Story of Yueyang Tower)
Husband/ring and attack it/but it is invincible. ("If you gain more help, if you lose it, you will get less help")
What is it/like dirt and stones? ("Yu Gong Yi Shan")
The extraordinary experience of interviewing/chasing the late emperor. ("model")
Therefore, gentlemen do not dispute. (Cao Gui Debate)
(6) After the adverbial, you can pause in advance.
Such as: today/the world is three points. ("model")
It has been decided today/in the south. ("model")
Today. ("Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qi's incompetence")
(7) The ancients had surnames, first names, characters, titles, posthumous title, modest names, self-styled names, posthumous title, respectful names, official names, stylistic names and so on.
Such as: Chen Shengsheng, Yangcheng people also, word/involved. (The Chen She Family)
Nanyang/Zhuge Lu, Xishu/Ziyunge. ("Humble Room Ming")
A humble room/inscription. Ailian trembles. Start/watch. (Ming, New Moon and Watch are all ancient styles)
Third, the general law of reading rhythm division in ancient poetry and music.
The rhythm of poetry reading can be divided from syllables or meanings.
According to syllables, the rhythm of four-character poems in ancient Chinese poetry is mainly "22", the rhythms of five-character poems are mostly "22 1" and "2 12", and the rhythms of seven-character poems are mostly "222 1" and "22 12".
Such as: gentle and graceful/lady, gentleman/good. (The Book of Songs)
Open a porch/noodle/nursery, put wine/words/Sang Ma. ("Passing the Old Village")
Mountain weight/water recovery/doubt/no road, willow dark/flower bright/different village. ("Tour Shanxi Village")
According to the meaning, the rhythm of five-character poems in ancient poetry is mostly two beats per sentence, while seven-character poems are mostly three beats. The same is the above two examples, which will be divided like this:
Open a porch/noodle garden and bring wine/words to Sang Ma. ("Passing the Old Village")
There's no way out when mountains are heavy and waters are heavy. ("Tour Shanxi Village")