We don't need to use Bai Juyi's "Du Fu Chen Ziang is famous in the world" and Han Yu's "Du Li's article is here, but the light is long" to prove it. We only need to look at the following statistics about Du Fu's cultural relics, and we can be sure. According to Xinhua News Agency in Chengdu: "Chengdu Du Fu Caotang has collected 442 poems and other materials about Du Fu, with more than 3,770 volumes. Among them, there are 16 1 different versions of Du Fu's poems, and 1300 volumes. There are more than 500 pieces of Du Fu's relics, temples, inscriptions, rubbings and cultural relics. Among the cultural relics are more than 20 different portraits of Du Fu since the Yuan Dynasty. " Of course, this set is not and cannot be complete. ?
From this fact, we can see Du Fu's honor as well as his great and far-reaching influence. This is also the reason why Du Fu had such a great influence in the history of literature. ?
Next, we will talk about Du Fu's influence on poets in the late Tang Dynasty from the ideological content. ?
Influenced by Du Fu, a number of realistic poets appeared in the late Tang Dynasty: Nie, Du Xunhe, Pi Rixiu and Luo Yin. Du Xunhe is a conscious realist writer. His "Self-Narrative Poetry" said: "The purpose of poetry has not forgotten the existence of things, and the value of the world is not true." Therefore, it is extremely sharp for him to expose the evils of the ruling class, such as "Going through Hucheng County again": "Last year, I went to this county once, and all the people in the county were fine. If you come to the county to kill Zhu today, it will be a bloody life! " Pi Rixiu was a progressive writer in the late Tang Dynasty. His poems and essays reflected the social reality at that time, and also exposed the political corruption in the late Tang Dynasty, especially his essays, which were called "messy brilliance and sharpness" by Lu Xun. ?
Humanism is Du Fu's basic thought. Mazu, a Yuan Dynasty man, often said that Du Fu: "You can't eat enough all your life, only worry about death." Chen Baisha, a philosopher in Ming Dynasty, also said: "Picking up hard work is better than doing it!" These poems embody Du Fu's humanitarian spirit of caring for the country and the people. Du Fu's humanitarianism contains two extremely valuable progressive factors: the first is the altruistic spirit of sacrificing oneself for others, which can best show Du Fu's profound humanitarianism, that is, the song "Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage", which has played a good educational role for later readers. The poet who cares about the country and the people does not complain bitterly about his own experience, but jumps out of his personal circle, pushes himself and others, and thinks of all the "poor people" in the world from his personal misfortune. This is a big mind, a warm heart! If this ideal is realized, the author will be satisfied if he is frozen to death. What a noble sentiment It is this lofty sentiment of being broad-minded and self-sacrificing that has inspired countless readers for thousands of years. Du Fu also wrote the poem "Phoenix Terrace", which said: "You want to climb the ladder for your majesty. I'm afraid there is no mother chicken, chirping in the cold and hunger. I can cut my heart and drink pecks to relieve loneliness. A solid heart, Tim wants nothing. As a source of comfort, is blood better than clean water? King Rui, dare to resign? Sit down and watch the colorful ribbon and show that you intend to celebrate the Eight Pole Week ... and then start a business in the light to wash away your worries! " This spirit of self-sacrifice is really rare in history. ?
Another progressive factor is the distinction between good and evil, love and hate. Du Fu is a humanist, but not a vulgar Amitabha philanthropist. He treats everything, not "equally" and "beyond reproach", but with love and hate. Du Fu is only "humane" to the people. He is not "humane" but despises and hates those who endanger the people of the country. Du Fu once summed up his humanitarian spirit of clear love and hate into the following two symbolic poems: "Song Xin hates thousands of feet less, and the evil bamboo is cut off." ?
The influence of Du Fu's thought on Li Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, is mainly reflected in some long poems and ancient poems. For example, in "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb", the author made a real and concrete description of the barren land, miserable villages and uninhabitable phenomena caused by officials, soldiers, taxes and services in the suburbs of Beijing, exposed the cruelty of the rulers and showed deep sympathy for the people. He wrote: "I would like to cut off my heart and lungs for this." Blood flowed from the kowtow and polluted Chen Zi. "From Du Xunhe's poems Widow in the Mountain, Villages after the Rebellion and Pi Rixiu's Peasant Ballad, we can also see that the poets in the late Tang Dynasty were influenced by Du Fu in their humanitarian thoughts. ?
Du Fu also inherited and carried forward the fine tradition of patriotism of our Chinese nation, and educated and inspired countless patriotic poets in the late Tang Dynasty. ?
The thought of loving the people is the core of Du Fu's humanitarianism and patriotism. This thought comes from the Confucian thought of "people are the foundation of the country", which Du Fu once turned into a five-character poem: "the country is based on the people." Du Fu cares about the people, always pays attention to and sympathizes with their sufferings, and opposes Shang Yang's harsh laws. He thinks it is necessary to be an official, but he wants to be a good official. He has the ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior and then making the customs pure"; He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He was as vicious as the enemy, criticizing and exposing the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. Du Fu's thought of loving the people has been reflected in a large number of his poems: apart from the immortal "Zhu Men's wine stinks and the road has frozen bones", we can clearly see the destruction of belligerence to people's livelihood from his sharp brushwork: "In thousands of villages in Qian Qian, nothing grows except weeds, although the strong women bend down to plow the fields, the furrows in the east and the west are broken? ""We know that giving birth to a son will bring bad luck, and giving birth to a daughter will be much better ... Who can get married and live in a neighbor's house, and under the grass, we bury our boy. " Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, in his poem "Peasant Ballad", narrated the sufferings of the peasants through their mouths and expressed the poet's sympathy for them. Cao Ye's poems "Four Complaints" and "Five Emotions" depict the heavy endowment of farmers and the evil of the ruling class; Another example is Du Xunhe's "Re-crossing Hucheng County", which shows the most concentrated, vivid and powerful sympathy for the people and hatred for those warlords and officials. It is particularly worth mentioning that Pi Rixiu also personally participated in the peasant uprising, from which it is not difficult to see the influence of Du Fu's thought of loving the people on poets in the late Tang Dynasty. ?
As a realistic poet, Du Fu's influence is enormous, far-reaching and multifaceted. The ideological content of Du Fu's poems can be said to be an inseparable part of his poems. Han Yu put it well: "Du Li's article is here, but the light is long." Indeed, we can't deny his influence on poets in the late Tang Dynasty and even later generations. ?
(Author: Bijie No.2 Middle School, Guizhou Province)