In the Peach Blossom Temple in Taohuawu, there is a Peach Blossom Fairy under the Peach Blossom Temple;
The Peach Blossom Fairy grows peach trees and picks peach blossoms to sell for wine money.
When you are sober, you just sit in front of the flowers, and when you are drunk, you sleep under the flowers;
Half-awake and half-drunk day after day, the flowers fall and bloom year after year.
I hope that I will die in old age among the flowers and wine, and do not want to bow in front of the carriages and horses;
The carriages and horses are enough for the rich, and the wine-cup branches are for the poor.
If the rich and the noble are compared to the poor and the lowly, one is on the ground and the other is in the sky;
If the poor and the low are compared to the chariot and the horse, he has to drive and I have nothing to do.
Others laugh at me for being crazy, but I laugh at others because they can’t see through it;
There are no tombs of heroes from the Five Tombs, and there are no flowers or wine to cultivate the fields.
Tang Yin (1470~1523), also known as Bohu and Ziwei, worshiped Buddhism in his later years and was named Liuru Jushi. He was a native of Wuxian County (now part of Jiangsu) and was born in a small businessman family in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. Tang Yin was a typical gifted scholar in ancient my country. He was good at both poetry, calligraphy and painting. His paintings were as famous as those of Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming and Qiu Ying, and were collectively known as the "Four Ming Schools". According to the biography of "History of the Ming Dynasty", Tang Yin had a "good nature" and was well versed in classics and history. However, he "drinked with Zhang Ling, a mad student in his hometown, and did not engage in any career." After Zhu Yunming's advice, he closed his doors and closed his doors. , and at the age of 29 in the 11th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1498), he ranked first in the provincial examination. Many old people call him "Tang Jieyuan". The next year, Tang Yin went to Beijing to participate in the examination. Just when he was full of ambition and wanted to be the number one scholar to "show off his family and make a name for himself", he was unexpectedly implicated in a fraud case in the examination room and was imprisoned for one year. He was relegated to Zhejiang as a minor official. Tang Yin was disgraced and refused to take office. After returning home, he became more dissolute and made a living by selling literature and calligraphy. He died at the age of fifty-four.
Taohuawu is located in the north of Suzhou City. It was once the villa of Privy Councilor Zhang Ju during the Song Dynasty. It was later abandoned as a vegetable garden. It was spotted by Tang Yin. In the second year of Zhengde (1507), it was built as a villa in Taohua Temple and named after him. "Master of Peach Blossom Temple", he was 38 years old that year. Tang Yin lived in seclusion here for most of the second half of his life, spending time with friends, poetry and wine. "Peach Blossom Temple Song" is the most famous one among his poems. It is a work of self-expression, self-condemnation and warning to the world.
"In Peach Blossom Temple in Taohuawu, there are peach blossom fairies in Peach Blossom Temple. Peach Blossom Fairies plant peach trees and pick peach blossoms for wine money." The first four lines are like a long "push" shot, starting from From far to near, a fairy in the painting suddenly appears in front of the reader. In just four lines, six "peach blossoms" are repeatedly used. They are repeated repeatedly, connected front and back, and rich in ink and color. They quickly build up a world of flowers, making people fall into the situation they set. The unhurried tone and speed intensify the reader's intimacy and curiosity: What kind of fairy life does this Peach Blossom Fairy live? The next four lines unfold a beautiful picture of "living drunkenly among flowers": "When I'm sober, I just sit in front of the flowers. When I'm drunk, I come to sleep under the flowers. Half-awake and half-drunk day after day, the flowers fall and bloom year after year." "Look at how carefree and happy this peach blossom fairy is, getting drunk and admiring the flowers year after year. Here, flowers and wine are no longer completely foreign objects that the poet uses to express his feelings. They are simply a part of the poet's life, or they have become independent living individuals. Flowers, wine and people are integrated into a harmonious whole. The above sentences can be described as the author's own words. The images are vivid, distinct and profound. Tang Yin, the student who once fantasized about "being a farmer in the morning and ascending to the emperor's hall in the evening" has disappeared, and the romantic talent who was drunk and dreaming in the fireworks and willow alleys has disappeared. He has experienced pain and joy. After experiencing a few years of dissolute life, Tang Yin finally chose to escape from the busy city, chose this paradise for himself, married the Shen family, and began a relatively peaceful life in seclusion. Although there is no way to enter the officialdom, after all, I have something to support, and I am in my prime. I can contemplate the beautiful scenery and write it into a poem.
“I wish I could die in the midst of flowers and wine, and I don’t want to bow in front of my carriage.” This sentence connects the previous and the following, and expresses the poet’s ambitions: instead of working hard for glory and wealth, how to spend time in flowers and wine? The time is happy and carefree: "The chariot, dust and horses are enough for the rich, and the wine cup and the branches are for the poor. If the rich and the rich are compared to the poor, one is on the ground and the other is in the sky." "The chariot, dust and horses are enough for the rich", while flowers and flowers are the fun of the rich. Wine is destined to be associated with the poor. If measured by money and material things, the two kinds of people's lives are naturally very different. But from another perspective, those who are rich must tighten their nerves at all times and live cautiously on thin ice, while the so-called poor can do more. A little leisure and a little more fun will lead to a more natural, real, relaxed and happy life. The above six lines are all described in contrast, and emotions unfold in fierce collisions. In each sentence, due to the use of rhyme, the front is tight and the back is relaxed, fully showing the poet's proud personality, and the detachment and relief of life. .
However, not everyone understands the true meaning of this. Don’t you see, “Others laugh at me for being crazy”? But "I" don't take it seriously: "I laugh so hard that others can't see through it." Haven't you seen that what happened to the kings and generals who were so powerful and wealthy in the past? Not only are their bodies gone, but their power has fallen, they can no longer even expect flowers and wine, things they disdained when they were alive, and even their tombs are not preserved. If they knew better, they would have no choice but to watch the farmers plow the land where they were buried. "Without the tombs of the heroes of the Five Tombs, there are no flowers and no wine, and the fields are cultivated!" The sentence ended abruptly, leaving a lingering aftertaste.
Throughout the whole poem, the layers are clear, the language is simple, the convolutions are euphemistic, and it is almost a ballad-like soliloquy. However, this kind of soliloquy contains infinite artistic tension, giving people a sense of continuity. With his aesthetic enjoyment and strong sense of identity, he is worthy of being the best among Tang Yin's poems. This is also in line with Han Yu's famous conclusion that "the sound of peace is weak, but the sound of melancholy is more beautiful; the words of joy are difficult to work, but the words of poverty are easy to write well" ("Preface to Jingtan Singing Poems").
The two most prominent and impressive images in this poem are "flowers" and "wine". Peach blossoms first appeared in literary works, in the "Peach Blossoms" chapter of "The Book of Songs·Zhou Nan", and were originally intended to express a free and unrestrained emotion. As soon as Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring" came out in the Jin Dynasty, peach blossoms were used more to express reclusive feelings. In ancient times, peach also had the meaning of exorcising ghosts and warding off evil spirits. "Peach" and "escape" are homophonic, because it means escaping from the world. In Tang Yin's poems, the image of "peach blossom" appears frequently. To give a few examples:
I will not board the emperor’s ship, nor will I sleep in eternal peace. There is a thatched hut outside Gusu City, with thousands of trees and peach blossoms filling the sky.
("Singing Wine to the Moon")
The mulberry tree comes out and the silk ribbon comes out, and the silk ribbon and makeup are bundled together to create the beautiful girl. Pingting's pink song is golden, and her song is like peach blossoms and catkins.
("Sang Tu")
The peach trees in Yedian are low, and the spring scenery is mostly to the west of Huaqiao. The secluded man is contented with his search for beauty, and the poem on horseback becomes the road to be lost.
("One of Four Poems on Paintings")
The flowers bloomed all over the village, and the wind and smoke resembled the ancient Taoyuan. Thousands of trees reflect the sun and warblers sing, and spring swallows dance around thousands of trees.
("Taohuawu")
There is no dust on the firewood door of the thatched house, and the stream in front of the door is sparkling green. There are incredible pictures in the middle, and the peach blossoms are all intoxicating.
("Fifteen of the Twenty-four Poems on Paintings")
It is not difficult to see that the peach blossom images in the examples are used to express leisurely and reclusive life.
“Wine” also plays an important role in ancient Chinese culture and ancient scholars. Not only can it be used to express tragic and generous feelings, but it is also associated with the desolation of the world, arrogance and independence. There were Liu Ling and Jikang in the Jin Dynasty, "Eight Immortals in Drinking" in the Tang Dynasty, Dongpo in the Song Dynasty who "asked the blue sky with wine", and in the Ming Dynasty, there was Tang Yin who slept under the drunken flowers.
Tang Yin was well-known during his lifetime. In addition to his prominent position in the history of painting, he also made original achievements in poetry. His poems are sincere and simple, informal, using a lot of spoken language, and the artistic conception is alert and fresh. He was unique at the time. With his unique and extraordinary personality and artistic temperament, he made a contribution to that era of freedom, openness and almost absurdity and chaos from one aspect. Typical and vivid interpretation.
Content: Tang Yin was talented and sharp, but he was frustrated at a young age. After seeing through the officialdom, he abandoned his official career and eventually adopted the same lifestyle as many literati in Chinese history: passively avoiding the world. This poem is a typical example of this idea. He is as arrogant as mad, and frivolous as he sees through the world of mortals. He seems to be free and uninhibited, but there is also a hint of loneliness in which everyone in the world is drunk and I am sober. His deep-rooted talent is nowhere to be found, his ambition is unsatisfactory, and his temperament can also be seen briefly. A spot.
Techniques: Almost every sentence from beginning to end is a couplet. The whole poem is very neat and catchy, and has strong appeal and emotional impact. The first three sentences also use the thimble technique. While the environment is clearly described at the beginning of the poem, the context of the poem is quite interesting and fascinating, and it naturally leads to the rest of the poem. There are no colorful words in the poem, just like Tang Yin's noble character.