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The earliest form of English is known as Old English or Anglo-Saxon (550-1066 AD). Old English developed from a group of North Sea Germanic dialects that were originally spoken in Frisia, Lower Saxony, Jutland, and the coastal areas of southern Sweden by Germanic tribes (known as the Saxons, Saxons, and Jutes) of.
From the 5th century AD, the Roman economy and administration collapsed when the Anglo-Saxons settled in Britain. By the 7th century, the Germanic language of the Anglo-Saxons became dominant in Britain, replacing the language of Roman Britain (43-409 CE): Old Brythonic, a Celtic and Latin language, was brought to Roman Britain occupied. England and English (originally ?nglaland and ?nglisc) are named after Angles.
Old English is divided into four dialects: Anglo (Mercian and Northumbrian) and Saxon, Kentish and West Saxon. Through King Alfred's educational reforms in the 9th century and the influence of the Kingdom of Wessex, the West Saxon dialect became the standard written language. The epic poem Beowulf was written in West Saxon, and the earliest English poem, Caedmon's Song, was written in Northumberland. Modern English is mainly of Mercian origin, but Scots is of Northumbrian origin.
Some early short inscriptions in Old English were written in runes. By the 6th century, the Latin alphabet was adopted, writing in a semi-informal alphabet. It includes the runic letters Wynn and Thorn, as well as the modified Latin letters Eth?d?, and Ash.