"Questions and Answers in the Mountains"
Author: Li Bai
Original text:
Asking me why I want to live in the green mountains, smiling but not answering my heart Free time.
The peach blossoms disappear in the flowing water, and there is no other world than this world.
Notes:
1. Yu: I, the poet refers to himself. What does it mean? What does it mean? Habitat: to live. Bishan: The name of the mountain in Anlu City, Hubei Province. The Peach Blossom Cave at the foot of the mountain is where Li Bai studied. Bishan refers to the green mountains.
2. Xian: peaceful, calm.
3. Peach Blossom Sentence: Jin Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Spring" records that during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a fisherman in Wuling fishing in the stream. Suddenly entering the peach blossom forest, there is a mountain at the end of the forest. The mountain has a small mouth. Entering from the mountain pass, you encounter a peach blossom garden isolated from the outside world. The people inside live and work in peace and contentment. This sentence is used implicitly. Yao Ran (yǎo): Refers to the deep and distant appearance.
4. Don’t: In addition. Not the human world: not the human world, here refers to the poet's secluded life.
Translation:
Ask me why I live in seclusion in Bishan.
I smiled and didn’t answer, feeling at ease.
The peach blossoms are in full bloom and the flowing water disappears into the distance.
There is a different world here, how can it be the human world!
ambivalence.
The first couplet: Ask me why I want to live in the green mountains, I will smile without answering and my heart will be at ease. The first sentence is abrupt, and the second sentence is confusing. The title of this poem is "Answering the Common People in the Mountains", so the subject of the question is the so-called common people. The poem begins in the form of a question, highlighting the topic to arouse the reader's attention. When people were about to listen to the answer, the poet wavered his pen deliberately and smiled without answering. The word "laugh" is worth pondering. It not only shows the poet's joyful and reserved demeanor, creating a relaxed and happy atmosphere; but the smile without answering also has a somewhat mysterious color, creating suspense and stimulating the reader's interest in thinking. The word "mind is at ease" is not only a portrayal of the state of mind of living in the mountains, but also shows that the question of what it means to live in the green mountains is neither new nor confusing to the poet. It is just a leisurely understanding, and the beauty is difficult to compare. Jun said (Zhang Xiaoxiang's "Niannu Jiao passes through Dongting"). The second sentence is confusing and wonderful in not answering, which adds twists and turns to the poem, making it swaying and fascinating.
The second couplet: The peach blossoms and flowing water disappear, and there is a different world than this world. This is a description of the scenery of Bishan, which is actually the answer to He Yiqi's Bishan. This structure of answering without answering, which seems to be a broken connection, deepens the charm of the poem. Although the poem describes the scenery of flowers disappearing with the stream, it does not have the rustic mood of falling flowers and the passing of spring. Instead, it is used to exaggerate and praise it as a fascinating beauty. Because the smile without answering and the discussion in the last sentence all reveal this feeling. Mountain flowers such as embroidered cheeks (Li Bai's "Zhenglu Pavilion at Night") are certainly beautiful, and peach blossoms flowing with flowing water are also beautiful. They all follow the laws of nature and show different beauties in their prosperity and disappearance. This different beauty is They have one thing in common: the word natural. This aesthetic view reflects the poet's freedom-loving, innocent and cheerful character. This kind of environment in the green mountains, which is neither famous nor desolate, but full of natural and peaceful beauty, cannot be compared with the world. But what the world is like, the poet did not explain clearly. As long as readers understand the dark reality at that time and Li Bai's misfortune, the poets Qibishan and Aibishan will not be difficult to understand. This world is different from the human world, and it contains many hurts and hatreds in the poet's heart. Therefore, this poem does not entirely express Li Bai's leisurely mood that transcends reality. The word "yixian" is used in the poem to hint at the beauty of the green mountains and to form a sharp contrast with the human world. Therefore, the poem has a flavor of both solemnity and harmony in style, but this is not transcendent. Cynicism and optimism and romance are often wonderfully unified in his works, reflecting the contradictory unity of opposites.
Although the whole poem has only four sentences and twenty-eight characters, it contains questions, answers, narratives, descriptions, and discussions, and the transitions are light and lively and fluent. The poetic environment seems close but is actually far away, and the poetic sentiment seems light but is actually strong. There is both virtuality and reality when using the pen. The real parts are described with a perceptible image, while the virtual parts are touched with a single touch. The contrast between the virtual and the real creates a profound meaning. The poem rhymes with flat tones and adopts an ancient and informal form, which makes it appear simple, natural, leisurely and soothing, which helps to convey the emotional charm of the poem. In the Mountains
Wang Bo In the Mountains /
The Yangtze River has sadly stagnated, and it will return thousands of miles away.
The situation is high and windy at night, and yellow leaves are flying in the mountains.
Translation and annotations
The Yangtze River seems to have stagnated and is constantly sad for me.
People who travel thousands of miles long for their early return.
What's more, the autumn wind is cold and the evening is gloomy.
It is even more difficult to endure the deep mountains, with yellow leaves flying all over the mountains.
1. Stagnation (zh): drowning. One thing is stagnation, no circulation.
2. Wanli: Describes the length of the return journey. Thinking about returning home: I have a wish to return home, but I can't do it.
3. Kuang belongs to: What’s more. Genus: coincident, appropriate. High wind: wind blowing from the mountains.
One word is autumn wind, which refers to the season when high wind brings autumn.
Appreciation
This is a poem that expresses the sorrow of traveling and thinking about returning home. It was probably written when Wang Bo was a guest in Bashu after he was deposed.
The first half of the poem is a couplet. The poet's "thousands of miles" to the Yangtze River describes the situation of being far away in a foreign land and the long way home from the geographical concept; the poet "will return" to the stagnant, from the time concept, he writes about the situation of a traveler who has been stranded for a long time and has longed to return but has not yet returned. The words "sadness" and "nian" in the two sentences are used to point out the emotions and wishes arising from the above-mentioned situations. The second half of the poem, that is, the scenic spot dyeing, uses the late autumn scenery in front of us with high winds and flying yellow leaves to further highlight this sad and yearning mood.
The first sentence "The Yangtze River has been stagnant" may literally be interpreted as lamenting over being stranded on the Yangtze River for a long time. Examples that can be referenced include the lines about the wanderer tired of wandering across the river in his poem "Farewell on a Tour" and the lines about the mist enveloping the river and "What does it mean to stay for a long time" in the fourth poem of "Four Poems of Others". But if you read it together with the sentence "Ten Thousand Miles" below, the poet may also think of the sadness of traveling on the Yangtze River caused by the long distance and thousands of miles. The title of this poem is "In the Mountains". It may also be that the poet got excited when he saw the Yangtze River on the mountain. He compared his long-term stay in the mountains with the river flowing eastward day and night, and felt sad. Similar to this poem, there is a famous line in Du Fu's poem "Chengdu Mansion". The river flows day and night, and the guest's heart is still sad. Here, the poet himself can have various associations with the relationship between the Yangtze River and its stagnation, as well as the relationship between the river and wanderers and guests. It also allows readers to make various associations. Within a certain range, understanding can vary from person to person, which is the so-called poetry without explanation.
The second sentence seems to come from Song Yu's "Jiu Bian", which is about climbing a mountain and facing the water to see you off. There are at least two different interpretations of "Send Off" in "Jiu Bian": 1. To say goodbye to those who are about to return home; one is to say goodbye to those who are about to die. As for the return in this poem, if we look at the aforementioned farewell poems from "Jiyou Farewell", "Four Poems from Others" and other farewell poems in "Collected Works of Wang Zi'an", we can adopt the former explanation; if from now on Looking at the content of the second half of the poem, we can also take the latter interpretation. But in relation to the word read in this sentence, it is better to interpret it as the thought of returning home. In other words, the word "will return" in this sentence is the same as the word "has stayed" in the previous sentence, both looking to the person who is far away from home, that is, the poet himself. But there is another theory. It seems reasonable to regard the strandedness in the previous sentence as the sorrow of the guests in a foreign land, and the returning in this sentence as the thoughts of family members thousands of miles away. This is another example of poetry that fails to make sense.
And the artistic conception expressed in the two sentences "Degeneration and Decline". As far as the whole poem is concerned, the scenery written in these two sentences serves as a foil to the emotion written in the first and second lines, and it also uses the scenery as a metaphor for emotion. Here, the scene of the bleak autumn wind and falling yellow leaves is not only used to reflect the homesickness of travel, but also to compare with the poet's desolate mood and wandering journey. Of course, this comparison is vague. At the same time, a sentence describing pure scenery such as mountains, yellow leaves, and flying is arranged at the end of the article, and the writing method is to use the scenery to express feelings. Shen Yifu of the Southern Song Dynasty said in "Yuefu Zhimi": The conclusion needs to be relaxed and contain endless meanings, and it is best to use scenes to express feelings. The conclusion of this poem is so touching and thought-provoking.
Poetry is often a combination of lyricism and scene description in art, and is intertwined into a piece. Xie Zhen of the Ming Dynasty said in "Siming Poetry Talk": Poetry is based on emotion and scenery. Scenery is the medium of poetry, and emotion is the embryo of poetry. Together they form poetry. The first half of this poem is lyrical, and the second half depicts scenery. However, the scenes of high winds bringing autumn and flying yellow leaves that the poet saw in the mountains and rivers were exactly the catalyst that produced the sadness and longing for home after a long stay; and when he climbed the mountain and faced the water, he had to observe things with me. , when writing and thinking, one cannot but describe the scene based on emotion. Therefore, the scene written in the second half of the poem must be the embryo of the feelings cherished in the first half of the poem. The emotions and scenes in the poem interact with each other, penetrate each other, and merge into one. The longing for homecoming of long-time travelers in the first half of the poem is enhanced by the late autumn scenery, and the scenery of the wind blowing and falling leaves in the second half of the poem is also strengthened by the injection of nostalgia for travel. .
Wang Bo also has a poem "Revelation of Spring": The guest's heart is tired after traveling thousands of miles, but spring comes back in one day. Still hurt in the North Garden, I see falling flowers flying again. The rhyme and rhyme of the poem are exactly the same as the poem "In the Mountain". It also expresses the thoughts of traveling, but one was written in late spring and the other in late autumn. The seasons are different, and the scenery used to set off the affection is different from falling flowers and flying yellow leaves. . Reading the two poems together will help you further understand the poet's feelings and understand the use and changes of his poetry. Farewell in the mountains
Wang Wei Farewell in the mountains
Let’s see each other off in the mountains,
The sunset covers the wood door.
The spring grass will be green next year,
Will the king and grandson return?
Translation and annotations
After seeing you off in the mountains,
I closed the firewood door as the sun set in the west.
When the grass is green again next spring,
Can you come back?
1. Mask: close.
2. Chaifei: Chaimen.
3. Wangsun: descendants of nobles, here refers to farewell friends.
Appreciation
This poem "Farewell in the Mountains" does not describe the scene of farewell from the pavilion, but is ingenious and chooses a completely different starting point from ordinary farewell poems. .
The first line of the poem, "Send off to each other in the mountains," tells the reader at the beginning that it is time to say goodbye to each other. The farewell words and farewell feelings are conveyed in one stroke with a seemingly emotionless word "Beginning". Here, there is a jump of time from sending each other to sending each other off. The second sentence jumps over a longer period of time from seeing off the pedestrians in the daytime to covering the firewood at dusk. What did the farewell person feel and think during this period of time? When the poet integrated life into the poem, he cut out all of this and treated it as a dark scene.
Anyone who has experienced parting knows that the moment before a traveler leaves is certainly depressing, but a sense of loneliness and loss often becomes stronger at dusk on the day after parting. , more dense. At this moment when separation and grief are most difficult to deal with, there must be a myriad of things to write about; however, the poem only contains an act of covering up the firewood. This is an extremely common thing that people who live in the mountains do every day at dusk, and it seems to have nothing to do with saying goodbye during the day. But the poet connected these two things that were originally unrelated to each other, making this action that was repeated every day show a different meaning from the past, thus embedding the feelings of separation in the lines and the sorrow of separation in the words. Readers will naturally see the lonely expression and melancholy mood of the people in the poem; at the same time, they will also think: after the sunset comes the night, how will they spend this long night after the Chaimen is closed? The blank space left outside this sentence makes people think back to the infinite.
The third and fourth lines of the poem, "The spring grass will be green next year, and the kings and grandsons will not return," are derived from the sentence "The kings and grandsons will not return, and the spring grass will be green" in "Chu Ci Recruiting Hermits." But the poem is about sighing because the wanderer has been gone for a long time and will never return. These two lines of poems express the fear that the traveler will be gone for a long time and never come back on the day he parted with the traveler. Tang Ruxun summarized the content of this poem in "Interpretation of Tang Poems" as follows: The door is hidden in the dusk, and people can only think deeply when they are away; the grass is sometimes green, and it is difficult for travelers to return at the right time. The hard time to return is one of the reasons why we miss you so much. The question of whether to return or not, as a question, should be asked to the passer-by when parting, but here it is asked to come to the mind of the resident only after the passer-by has gone and the sun has closed the door, and it becomes an unasked question. suspense. In this way, what is written is not the usual words to say when saying goodbye, but the expression of deep feelings in the heart after saying goodbye, which shows that the person in the poem is still shrouded in thoughts of separation until the sunset. Although they have just broken up, they are already looking forward to his early return. I'm afraid that he won't come back for a long time. As mentioned before, there are two periods of time skipped from the time when the greetings are sent to seeing off, and from the sending off to the closing of the firewood door. Here, at the sunset of the day of farewell, I think of the green spring grass in the coming year, and ask whether I will return by then. This It's another jump from the present to the future, and the jump time is even longer.
This farewell poem does not describe the reluctance to leave the pavilion, but goes a step further to express the hope of reunion after farewell. This is something that goes beyond ordinary farewell poems. At the beginning, the scene of farewell is hidden, and the writing is written after saying goodbye, and then the loneliness of returning home after farewell is thicker and thicker, paving the way for the title of hoping for his return, so he thinks that the spring grass will be green again at its own time, but it is difficult for the departed person to return. must. The feeling of farewell is beyond words. There is meaning in the mind and taste in the outside. It is truly ingenuity and one of a kind.
Wang Wei is good at picking up seemingly ordinary materials from life and using simple and natural language to show deep and sincere feelings, which are often far-reaching and far-reaching. This is the poem "Farewell in the Mountains". Summer in the Mountains
Li Bai Summer in the Mountains
Lazily swinging the white feather fan, naked in the green forest.
Take off your towel and hang it on the stone wall, exposing the top to let in the pine breeze.
Translation and Notes
Too lazy to shake the white feather fan to dispel the heat, I stayed naked in the green woods.
Take off your turban and hang it on the stone wall, letting the cool breeze among the pine trees blow over your head.
1. Naked: Refers to the informal manner in which the poet takes off his headscarf in the green forest.
2. Qinglin: refers to the green trees in the mountains that cover the sky and the sun.
Appreciation
Summer and mountains are the key to understanding this little poem. Because it is summer, there are white feather fans; because it is in the mountains, there are fans but I am too lazy to shake them.
There are only four lines in the poem, and the scene described is not large, but it truly and appropriately presents the summer in the mountains and the summer in the mountains to the readers. The summer breeze blew, and the pine leaves in the mountains rustled. The poet took off his turban and hung it on the stone wall in the mountains. It was so cool and pleasant. The whole poem depicts the image of the author who is open-minded and free-spirited, not bound by etiquette and law, and has the style of the Wei and Jin Dynasties.