What are the good themes and reference materials about monk poems in Tang poetry?

Cultural Aesthetics of Farewell Poems in Tang Dynasty —— Taking Jia Dao as an Example Abstract: Farewell Poems in Tang Dynasty are an important part of farewell poems, with unique artistic features and cultural aesthetic significance. Its main feature is to express nostalgia and sadness when leaving in a euphemistic and implicit way; The generation and wide application of Buddhist poetic imagery: the application of multiple composition patterns in lyrical expression and meaning makes it present a different style from ordinary literati farewell poems. The poem conveys the literati's weariness of pursuing utilitarian secular life and their yearning for the monk's ultra-secluded Zen life. Key words: sending monk poems, lyrical characteristics, literati mentality. Most emperors in the Tang Dynasty advocated the "three religions theory" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism [1]. This inclusive ideological policy has given religion great room for development. Therefore, Buddhism has been greatly developed in the Tang Dynasty, which has had various influences on the society and culture of the Tang Dynasty. There are many examples of Tang literati believing in Buddhism, such as Wang Wei and Bai Juyi. They studied Zen and chanted scriptures, made friends with monks, and wrote a lot of poems related to Buddhism and monks, including many farewell poems. These poems of sending monks are unique in art, keeping a certain distance from the general poems of sending monks away, and reflecting the mentality of scholars in the Tang Dynasty to a certain extent, so they have cultural significance that cannot be ignored. Taking Jia Dao's poems about sending monks as an example and referring to the works of other poets, this paper discusses the unique connotation of the poems about sending monks. The policy is delayed, and it will rain and snow in the south. Autumn cranes reach spring, and night apes cross Zen trees.

White clouds are at the top, and there are many yellow leaves in the front mountain. Once upon a time, the moon moved to Jiujiang wave.

(Jia Dao's "Send Li Zong to the Master". There is an island in The Complete Poem of Tang Dynasty (572 volumes) and Biography of Jia Dao, a gifted scholar of Tang Dynasty, which says, "The intimate person is the hermit of Nanzi Pavilion and Pavilion!" Jia Dao's Collection of the Yangtze River contains many works of duet with hermits and monks in Central and South China. For example, The Hermit in Huaizige said: "Forget about sleeping and eating, the night will be over." (Volume 4) "Message to Mo Gong the Dove" says: "Knowing that it belongs to a dove, the mountains are far away and the sun shines." (Volume 3) By cross-referencing these poems with Biography of Talented Scholars in Tang Dynasty, we can know that Jia Dao really has an extraordinary friendship with hermits in Central and South China. This master Li Zong should also be one of Jia Dao's close friends in Zhong Nanshan. The "Min 'e" in the first sentence of Farewell to Master Li Zong does not really refer to the mountains in Sichuan, but to the monks living in the deep mountains. For example, Tang Qiu's poem "Giving Gifts Like Men" in "The Whole Tang Poetry" says: "I don't know fame and fortune, but I only read Buddha." (Volume 724) Miracle's poem "Write five poems about going to Nanping King in the house of Xinqiu Temple in Jingzhou" says: "The old monk is empty, and it snows every year in Tingzhou." (Volume 845) Miracle's poem "To the Master of Guangji in Shu" says: "I can't take you all the way to Fujian and Hubei." (Volume 846) If we have a careful taste in poetry, we can see that "Min 'e" is actually a symbol that monks are far away from secular life. The first sentence of this poem is written with a virtual pen, saying that Master Li Zong left his secluded place, which means that what he said is "stop in the south", but it is not true. First, avoid duplication; Secondly, it embodies the poetic style of Jia Dao's "bitter poetry". The phrase "rain and snow in the south of the Yangtze River blend together" seems to actually describe the scenery where people leave, but it is actually used in The Book of Songs Xiaoya Cai Wei. "I have been to Liu Yiyi; Today, I will think that it will rain and snow. Saying goodbye to a bosom friend is naturally affectionate and reluctant, but these two sentences are so subtle and profound. This is one of the characteristics of sending monk poems in Tang Dynasty. Others such as Liu Changqing's Farewell Master: "From the temple, in the depths of its tender bamboo, came the deep voice of the late bell. Holly is going further and further under the green hills with the sunset. " (Volume 147) Qian Qi's "Send a kindergarten teacher to the West (a work of sending a monk to visit Shu from Wu)": "Where apes cry outside the sky, who hears Sanskrit?" (Volume 237) Lang Shiyuan's "Going to Wuxi to Appreciate the Teacher" (Liu Changqing's poems and Huang Furan's poems) says: "Once you enter the Spring Mountain, you will not see a thousand peaks." (Volume 248), etc. , are written implicitly, lasting appeal. The reason why the poem of sending a monk presents such a style may be because the monk is a stranger, detached from worldly personnel, elegant and serene. They "live alone in two trees, quiet and close to flowers." "Although I am interested in things, when I look at the sky, I have realized my body. It allows guests who bend over to enjoy the spring scenery of the bamboo house from a distance. " (Li Jiayou "Go to the official with Huangfu Ran and leave a soul as a teacher". The Whole Tang Poetry (Volume 206) is not comparable to that of ordinary literati. Therefore, when the poets who were close to the monks bid farewell to them, they treated everyone appropriately, implying the feeling of leaving them and being euphemistic. And those poets who don't have much friendship with sending monks, out of some need, either make some poems or write some poems to send monks to perfunctory, and they don't "create feelings for literature." For example, Song, Li Jue and others all have the poem "Send Shaman Hongjing Daojun Xuanzang back to Jingzhou" (Volume 52, Volume 92), which is well written and unremarkable.