Haha, there are many, you can take a look
The poems and essays in the early Song Dynasty were shrouded in the Xikun style of "obscene, clever, extravagant and flashy compilation", and most of the works were written during wine feasts When the guests are entertained at the singing banquet, the content is mostly about the leisurely moods and sorrows of lingering in the sentimental time of the wind and moon, such as "the flowers have fallen helplessly, and the swallows have returned as if they have been seen before", "holding wine for the king to face the setting sun, and leaving evening photos among the flowers", etc. There is no difference in the Xikun style poetry and prose of "embellishing the wind and moon, playing with flowers and grass", nor does it escape from the side-brightness of Huajian's poems. The emergence of Su Shi truly broke the barrier of "Yanke", revolutionized the style of Ci poetry, and gave Ci poetry fresh blood and vitality. He advocated that poetry should be "written with purpose", and on the premise that "the text should be based on meaning", it should freely express all things in the world and express the subject's emotions; "break out of common sayings and laws and regulations", making "literature and science natural" , full of attitude." He brought the spirit of the poetry innovation movement to the word world, introduced poetry into words, and made a series of groundbreaking innovations in the content, subject matter, style, and taste of words.
1. Su Shi's Ci "uses poetry as lyrics"
The outstanding feature of Su Shi's Ci is "using poetry as lyrics". He "uses the body of words to give the spirit of poetry". "Incorporating poetry into lyrics" is Su Shi's great contribution to the liberation of poetry style, which has epoch-making significance in the history of poetry. "Using poetry as words", simply put, means writing words in the same way as poetry, and immersing the theme, image, artistic conception, and creative method of poetry into words, so that the words become "poetic" and become a new independent word style.
Historically, people have said that the difference between poetry and words is "Shizhuang Cimei": poems express ambitions, and words express feelings. Poems are "righteous ways" and words are "Yanke". Ci is just an art form that expresses love between a man and a woman, parting and grieving, or serves as a tool for entertaining guests at a singing and dancing banquet. It cannot be considered elegant. Since the popularity of the "Huajian School" poetry in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, this view has gradually evolved over hundreds of years into a stylized and obsolete style of writing about eroticism, which is the so-called "Yanke" poetry. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the style of poetry began to decline due to the similarity and narrowness of themes and contents. At this time, Su Shi resolutely raised the banner of "writing with purpose", pushed the spirit of the poetry innovation movement into the field of Ci, and put forward the idea of ??"using poetry as Ci", thus opening up a new era. situation. "Pointing out the way up, new eyes and ears in the world." (Wang Zhuo's "Bi Ji Manzhi") Su Shi's transformation of the old poetry style was not arbitrary. He had a very insightful and artistic view on the relationship between poetry and poetry, that is, he believed that Poems and lyrics were originally divided into different groups based on their origins, and they have the same purpose but different tunes; lyrics are nothing more than "poems of long and short lines". Su Shi theoretically advocated that poetry should have lofty intentions and an open-minded realm when expressing deep emotional content. His ideal of poetry advocating the atmosphere and realm of Tang poetry. Su Shi used the aesthetic standards of Tang poetry to measure his poetry, and his intention was naturally to hope that Song poetry could have the noble and rich beauty of Tang poetry. This is the embodiment of his consistent concept of "using poetry as lyrics".
He also clearly pointed out: "The poems of the Qing Dynasty are extremely vulgar, very classical and beautiful. They search and study the material conditions, scrape the shadows, and criticize the words in a subtle way, which is the descendant of the poems." ("Yewen in Honor of Zhang Zi") This That is to say, words are only the "descendants" of poetry, and words are poetry. In his view, words to poetry are not only different literary genres relative to poetry, but also products of poetry. They are also creations of different creative forms of poets. That is to say, words originate from poetry and are of the same substance and variety as poetry. "Using poetry as lyrics" is Su Shi's ontology of poetry. In Su Shi's view, words can express the emotions of the subject in the same way as poetry, can describe life experiences, reflect the ups and downs of society and the ups and downs of history; can be as beautiful as mountains and waters like poetry, and can be It can be as high-spirited and pathos as in Tang poetry, and it can be magnificent; it can be as spectacular as iron horses fighting, drums and horns sounding in unison; it can also be as majestic as the wind and sea waves. It can be seen that Su Shi's theory of "using poetry as lyrics" aims to echo his own creative practice of expanding his poetry into thousands of miles, injecting a strong sense of subject life into the lyrics, highlighting the personality of the lyrical theme, and expanding the literary lyrical function of the lyrics. , raising the quality status of Xiaoci Yanke Xiaodao to the status of poetry.
Su Shi's emphasis on cultivating emotions with words is an important part of his advocacy of poeticizing words. He combined the sentiments and interests of scholar-bureaucrats with the popular literary and artistic forms favored by the citizens and injected them into his poetry, changing the narrowness of poetry since the Five Dynasties, developing the lyrical function of poetry, giving poetry a noble character, and improving the taste of poetry. It also enhances the vitality of words. In "Jiangchengzi·Hunting in Mizhou", the author casts a majestic poetic conception and poetic charm, which is refreshing and inspiring. The full text is as follows:
I am talking about being a teenager. The left hand holds the yellow, the right holds the blue sky. Brocade hats and mink fur coats, thousands of cavalry rolling around Pinggang. In order to repay Qingcheng, I followed the prefect, shot tigers myself, and watched Sun Lang.
The wine is in full swing and the chest is still open. It doesn't matter if there's a little frost on the temples? In the cloud of holding the festival, when will Feng Tang be punished? He can hold the eagle bow like the full moon, look northwest, and shoot at the wolf.
The author writes about the hunting scene above the poem, exaggerating the poet's external "crazy" attitude, especially "In order to repay the beautiful city, he followed the prefect, shot tigers himself, and watched Sun Lang". Compared with Sun Quan, the poet is naturally the same. Here, his courageous and accomplished character is more implicitly revealed, thus making the words full of poetic pride and poetic charm. The bottom line of the poem expresses the author's inner "crazy" state, and the conclusion expresses the author's determination to defend the border and serve the country.
The artistic characteristics of Liu Yong's Ci In terms of artistic skills, the most important contribution of Liu Yong's Ci is his mature use of the characteristics of long-dialect Ci that are suitable for narrative, rich in layers, and varied, which has provided future generations with Ci poetry. Zhong integrates lyricism, narrative, reasoning, and scene description, accommodates more complex connotations, and opens up a new path. The previously recorded "Wang Hai Chao" can be an example, and "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou" and "Yulin Ling" are more representative. The latter one is as follows: The cicadas are mournful, facing the pavilion at night, the shower has just begun to subside. There is no trace of drinking in the tent of the capital, and the place of nostalgia is the orchid boat. Holding hands and looking into tearful eyes, they were speechless and choked. The thought goes away, thousands of miles of smoke, the dusk is deep and the sky is vast. Since ancient times, sentimental feelings have been saddened by farewell, and even more embarrassing and neglected Qingqiu Festival! Where will you wake up tonight? Willow bank, dawn wind and waning moon. After so many years, it should be a good time and good scenery. Even if there are thousands of customs, who can tell them? The upper layer describes the autumn scene, the first layer writes farewell, and the lower layer writes the scene after farewell; the lower layer writes the sadness of parting in autumn, the first layer describes the imaginary desolate scenery when waking up drunk, and the next layer takes it back. Sighing that we are now separated from each other, lonely and lonely. Some depict scenes, some narrate, or express emotions. They use twists and turns to exaggerate the atmosphere and express the sadness of separation.