However, most official documents and scientific papers are written horizontally. In addition to Chinese characters and hiragana, katakana and Roman characters can also be used.
Primary school students learn 996 educational Chinese characters (きょぅぅかんじ), which are commonly used in social life. In addition, there are some Chinese characters used in names and places.
The fonts of Japanese characters are roughly the same as those of traditional Chinese characters in China. But there are also simplified Chinese characters like China, such as "Guo" and "Mathematics".
Chinese characters in Chinese are called Chinese characters (かんじ) in Japanese, which are actually ideographic symbols, and each symbol represents a thing or an idea. It is common for a Chinese character to have more than one sound.
In Japan, Chinese characters are used to write words originated in China and Japanese words native to Japan. Japanese characters come from China.
There are also Chinese characters made in Japan, but there are few. Although there are some Chinese characters other than commonly used Chinese characters in professional papers and literary works, traditional Chinese characters have been gradually eliminated since 1945.
It is said that you can read ordinary books as long as you know 2500 Chinese characters. In China, primary schools have to learn 3,000 Chinese characters. In contrast, Japanese has a small number of characters, which looks relatively simple, but it is not.
Because the font, pronunciation and training are different from China's Chinese characters, we need to fully understand and master them. In ancient times, the Japanese nation only had its own national language, but not its own writing.
Later, China culture was introduced to Japan, and the Japanese began to record it in Chinese. After the middle of the fifth century, the Japanese created a Japanese writing method with Chinese characters as symbols between tables.
After the eighth century, this method of using Chinese characters as notation symbols was widely adopted, and the famous ancient Japanese poetry collection "Ye Wan Collection" adopted this writing method. For example, the Japanese word "mountain" is pronounced "やま", and the Chinese character "Ma Ye" is used to write in "Ye Wan Ji".
"Bangbang" is pronounced "さくら", so it is written in three Chinese characters: Sanjiuliang. Japanese auxiliary words "て, に, を, は" are expressed by Chinese characters "Tian, Er, Hu, Bo" and so on.
This writing was later called "Wanye pen name". But it is very complicated to write notes in Chinese characters with ten thousand pseudonyms. Later, it was gradually simplified, and only the radicals of Chinese regular script were written, such as "a" → ","Yi "→", "Yu" → "ウ", and then it gradually evolved into katakana.
In addition, the soft Chinese cursive script is suitable for writing Japanese songs. Especially after cursive script became popular in writing letters, diaries and novels, it gradually formed simple, fluent and free fonts and evolved into hiragana, such as "An" → ","Yu "→ "and so on. At this point, the Japanese nation finally created its own characters by using Chinese characters.
Because these words are borrowed from Chinese characters, they are called "pseudonyms" According to the different writing methods of pen names, the one taken from the side of regular script is called "カタカナ", and the one evolved from cursive script is called "Pingming".
Both Katakana and Hiragana are phonography based on Chinese characters. Hiragana is commonly used for writing and printing, and katakana is usually used to represent loanwords and special words.
For example: これはのテキストです. This is a Japanese textbook. )
"これは", "の" and "です" in this sentence are hiragana. Hiragana is a very important part of Japanese, which can be directly word-formed. For example, "これ" means "this". の (pronounced "no") means "de", and the previous は and the last です are used together to judge, which means "de"
Hiragana can also be used as other components in a sentence that have no specific meaning. For example, "は" is an auxiliary word that separates "これ (this)" from "Japanese". In addition, it is also the basic unit of Chinese character pronunciation in Japanese, which is somewhat similar to Chinese Pinyin.
Katakana "テキスト" is a katakana. Katakana and Hiragana correspond to each other one by one, with the same pronunciation but different writing styles. You can understand the difference between uppercase letters and lowercase letters in English (but they are not the same thing, just for your understanding).
Katakana is mainly used to form western loanwords and other special words. For example, "テキスト" (pronounced "te ki su to") means "textbook", which is transliterated from the English word "text".
In addition, there is another way to express Japanese with Latin letters from Rome, which is called "Roman characters", similar to China's "Pinyin". Roman characters mainly appear in proper nouns such as names of people, places and institutions, and are often used in Japanese computer input methods.
Hiragana originated from China's traditional cursive script, while Katakana evolved from the radical of China's traditional regular script. The following gives the origin of current hiragana and katakana.
The origin of hiragana is based on the concept of "OK, safe, safe". "I can do it, I can do it, I can add a few years, I count it, I can do it, I have the rest." Therefore, reading under the pseudonym (NE) means doing things better than not doing them at all. The radical of "one", the prefix of "Yu" and the right radical of "Jiang" are the radicals of "Li" and "home". The radicals of "well done" and "well done" are "well done", "well done" and "well done". In Japanese, the word "national character" has three words.
There are no absolute rules about Japanese writing.
This is just a writing habit language, which is constantly changing with time and times.
For example, くつした, some occasions are written with boots, while others are written directly in Hiragana. Even some specific needs will be written in katakana.
Generally speaking, the formal styles of articles such as legal documents are mostly the official names of Chinese characters. The general style depends on the writing habits of every individual or every company or organization.
But when it comes to production processes such as factories, you may have to write under a pseudonym. First, it is convenient and has few strokes; Second, even if it is scribbled, it is not easy to recognize it.
In some commercial propaganda and advertising occasions, we can now see that many Chinese characters with common names are represented by katakana. The purpose of doing this is to emphasize and attract attention.
As a foreigner (relative to the Japanese), we may not feel much emphasis and eye-catching effect, but for the Japanese, the meaning of a writing format is quite different. At the same time, there are fewer and fewer Chinese components in Japanese, many Japanese write, and the usage of Chinese characters is also decreasing.
Japanese scholars often call for improving Japanese men's writing ability on TV.
3. How do Japanese characters write Japanese symbol system 1? Chinese loanwords in Japanese history, due to the long-term use of Chinese, a large number of Chinese words entered Japanese, such as 602 18 Japanese words included in Kakukawa Mandarin Dictionary. According to statistics, there are as many as 33 143 Chinese loan words, accounting for 55% of the total vocabulary.
Due to the long-term use of Chinese characters in Japan and its far-reaching influence, even after the emergence of pseudonyms, Chinese characters cannot be excluded from Japanese, and they are still mixed with pseudonyms under the guise of Chinese characters. Although some people later put forward the idea of abolishing Chinese characters in Japanese, it was opposed by all walks of life in Japan and failed to be implemented.
Chinese characters have always occupied a large proportion in Japanese. After World War II, Japan * * * promulgated a list of Chinese characters, 1850 characters.
198 1 year, Japan issued a list of commonly used Chinese characters, and the number of words increased to 1945. This shows that Chinese characters are still very vital in Japanese.
Chinese characters have a history of 2,000 years, and have been deeply integrated into the Japanese cultural blood, so it is difficult and impossible to give up. It is generally believed that there are two kinds of borrowed Chinese characters in Japanese: phonetic reading and training reading.
However, the sound reading here actually refers to "transplantation", that is, the whole borrowing of form, sound and meaning, which is the same or similar to Chinese. For example, Japanese students read the word kyaku suu me by eye, while Japanese students read it by eye, that is, according to the Chinese meaning of Chinese characters, they read it into Japanese pronunciation, that is, "borrowing meaning to change pronunciation".
In Japanese, under the guise of Chinese characters, training words account for the majority. For example: Japanese Yueshan Rain Flower Tree Cat and Dog Qianzi Autumn Box Pronunciation Yueshan Amehana Kineko Inumae Koakihako means Yueshan Rain Flower Tree Cat and Dog Qianzi Autumn Box, Box 2. Hiragana Hiragana is the main form of two Japanese pseudonyms, which are used for daily writing and printing.
Its word-making method is mainly to borrow and simplify the cursive script of Chinese characters to represent Japanese syllables. It is a syllable letter in function and belongs to a class of Chinese variant characters in word-making characteristics. In pronunciation, some Hiragana are closely related to the Chinese pronunciation of etymological Chinese characters, while others just borrow glyphs and have no phonetic relationship with etymological Chinese characters.
For example: Japanese ぁぃぅけかさたにぬのまみめもりるるるるるるるるる124 Katakana, like Hiragana, is a syllable letter representing syllables. Its word-making feature is to omit strokes or radicals of Chinese characters, and to reserve part of the original characters to express sounds, which belongs to typical Chinese character ellipsis (there are also a few katakana simplified from cursive Chinese characters, which belong to Chinese character variants).
For example, katakana pronunciation etymology method A takes the left radical I of running script A, the left radical I of "one" Ka and the upper radical of "many", so I have taken the first two paintings of "Zeng". Besides, there are other ways to make Japanese characters.
One of them is to borrow Chinese characters and their radicals, and then combine them into new words according to the word-making method of Chinese characters. This is an imitation of Chinese characters, which is called "Lou Zi" in Japanese history, also known as "Guo Zi". The Guo Zi Dictionary published by 1993 has 1453 such words.
Among them, more than 100 kinds have been used so far. The emergence and development of Japanese imitation Chinese characters has its specific significance.
It shows that there have been attempts and efforts to create imitation Chinese characters in Japan in history, but because of the differences in language types, it finally chose another development path. Japanese has a great influence on the imitation of Chinese characters, and even affects Chinese characters in turn. For example, the Japanese word "Qi", which means a crossroads, entered the Chinese dictionary.
Other Chinese imitations, such as Japanese pronunciation, meaning, word-making, Naji, calm and understanding, hatha, dry land, understanding, fighting, labor, pictophonetic sound and eki station, besides Chinese imitations, Japanese also has methods of adding Chinese strokes or simplifying Chinese characters. Some simplified characters are the same as those in China now, but most of them are simplified by the Japanese.
This kind of character has fewer words and is another variant of Chinese characters. These variants, such as Japanese pronunciation, word meaning, word formation, Okure, strokes increasing late and increasing slowly, Sakura, Sakura, ki, Kai and kae, have little change in the multi-digit structure.
Other simplified characters are exactly the same in China and Japan, such as country, benefit, fatigue, old age, body, worm, number, strength, sound and chaos. , probably borrowed Chinese characters directly. This situation is also common in southern Chinese characters such as Laozi, Zhuangzi, Fangbai and Zinan.
As can be seen from the above analysis, Japanese is a mixed type of characters, which has both pure pinyin letters and ideographic characters. In addition to creating phonetic pseudonyms, in other aspects, Japanese also has many common characteristics of other Chinese characters.
The Japanese characters mentioned before seem to refer to pseudonyms, which is not comprehensive. Under the guise of Chinese characters, Chinese imitations and other kinds of Chinese variants are indispensable parts of Japanese.
[ 1]。