Generally speaking, it is the same in modern Chinese, for example, "I deeply hate it" (I am the subject, hate is the predicate, it is the object, and it is an adverb of degree)
The trouble is that the ancients often omit the subject, so it must be added when translating
. If the mountain passes through the mountains, it will fly.
For another example, "It's too much, you don't like it" (the subject is your ignorance, the predicate is very much, the normal structure is your ignorance, translated as, you are too clever, even in modern Chinese. However, the literal translation shall prevail) 2. Subject, predicate, object, definite, form and complement in classical Chinese
1. Subject-predicate inversion (predicate preposition or subject postposition)
2. Attributive postposition (attribute placed after the head word)
3. prepositional object (object placed before verb predicate or preposition)
. A strong exclamation; Old poetry is in harmony with rhythm.
second, attributive postposition
attributive postposition has the following four situations:
1. Head+attributive+person
① The plan is undecided, and the person who asks for help can report to Qin has not got it. (Ask for someone who can report to Qin)
② Young busybodies in the village domesticate a worm. (busybodies in the village)
2. Head+zhi+attribute, and "zhi" is the sign of attribute postposition.
① Earthworms have no advantages as paws, but strong bones and muscles. (Earthworms have no advantage over their minions, but they strengthen their bones and muscles)
② If they live high in the temple, they will worry about their people, while if they live far away from the Jianghu, they will worry about their monarch. (if you are in a high temple, you will worry about your people, and if you are in a distant Jianghu, you will worry about your monarch)
3. If the head word+zhi (and)+attribute+,"zhi" is a sign of the postposition of attribute.
(1) the sound of the stone is everywhere. (there are loud and clear stones everywhere)
(2) these four are the poor people in the world who have no complaints. (These four are the poor people in the world who have no complaints, and the poor people in the world who have no complaints.)
Third, prepositional object (key points)
In classical Chinese, the object of a verb or preposition is generally placed after the verb or preposition, but under certain conditions, prepositional object.
1. The pronoun object in the negative sentence, prepositional object.
(1) people in ancient times were full of bullying. (don't bully me)
② When I was three years old, I was willing to look after you. (Don't care about me)
2. The interrogative pronoun in the interrogative sentence is the object, prepositional object.
(1) what's the king doing here? (What's the king doing here?)
② Is Pei Gongan here? (Pei Gong is in an)
3. Use "Zhi", "Zhi Wei" or "Yes" to prepositional object. When using this prepositional object format, you can also add "Wei (Wei)" before the object to form a format of "Wei (Wei) ... is ..." or "Wei ... Zhi ..." to emphasize the role of the object.
(1) the sun lives in the moon, and it's risky to go underground. (the sun lives in the moon, and the earth falls-the sun and the moon once shone, and this land of * * * was exposed after the sun left)
② You are not compassionate when you die, but your ministers are worried. (Worry about the ministers)
4. prepositional object in the prepositional phrase
① Otherwise, why did it end here? (How did you get here?)
② The whole stone is the bottom. (based on the whole stone)
Fourth, the prepositional structure is the prepositional phrase, which is commonly used in classical Chinese as an adverbial. There are several situations in which the preposition-object phrase is postpositioned:
First, the preposition "Yu" is mostly in the position of complement in classical Chinese. When translated into modern Chinese, most of them have to be moved to the front of verbs as adverbials, except a few of them are still used as complements.
① The matter is urgent. Please be ordered to ask General Sun for help. (Please be ordered to ask General Sun for help)
② The poor speak to the rich ... (The poor speak to the rich)
The second kind: the preposition "yi" is also in the position of complement in classical Chinese, and it is usually moved to the front of the verb as an adverbial in modern translation.
① It is shaped like a wine bottle, decorated with tortoise, birds and animals. (decorated in the shape of mountain turtles, birds and beasts)
② There is something to tell. (tell with events)
the third type: when the preposition "Hu" is used as a complement, "Hu" is connected with "Yu". In translation, the composition can be determined according to the situation, and the structure of the word "Hu" can be used as an adverbial or a complement.
(1) before he was born in me, his knowledge of Tao was also solid before me. (even in my previous life, my knowledge of Taoism is also solid in my previous life)
② The name hangs on the future generations. 3. What is the subject, predicate and object in Chinese?
The subject is the person or thing to be expressed and described in a sentence, and it is the subject of sentence narration.
It can be assumed by nouns, pronouns, numerals, nominalized adjectives, infinitives, gerunds and subject clauses. Predicate is used to explain what action the subject has done or what state he is in.
Predicates can be served by verbs, usually placed after the subject. The object is the object or receiver of the action, often located after the transitive verb or preposition.
Objects can be nouns, pronouns, numerals, nominalized adjectives, infinitives, gerunds and object clauses. Attributive: Words used to describe the nature and characteristic range of nouns, pronouns, phrases or clauses are called attributives, which can be served by nouns, adjectives and words and phrases that function as nouns and adjectives.
if the attribute is a single word, it is placed in front of the modified word; if it is a phrase, it is placed behind the modified word. Adverbial: the words that describe the time, place, reason, purpose, result, condition or accompanying situation and degree of things are called adverbials.
Adverbials can be adverbs, phrases and clauses. Complement is a component in the complement structure that supplements the result, degree, trend, possibility, state and quantity of the predicate.
Complement and predicate are complementary and complemented, and explicated and explicated. They complement verbs or adjectives, and can answer questions such as how, how many times, where, when and what result. Complements are placed after the head language, except directional verbs, quantifiers, subject-object structures and some adjectives can be directly used as complements.
Complements are mostly adjectives, quantifiers, directional verbs and object-object structures, and phrases of various relationships are often used as complements. Mouth formula: the subject is the object, the shape is the complement, and the main branches and leaves are clearly divided.
the attributive must come before the subject and object, and the predicate before it is the predicate before it is the complement. Adverbials are sometimes preceded by commas.
Adverbs are words used to modify verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and other words or phrases to illustrate the characteristics of the nature or state of action. 4. what are the meanings of subject, predicate and object in Chinese
1. Subject predicate
(1) Composition materials of subject
Subject: it is the stated object and can answer questions such as "who" or "what" at the beginning of a sentence.
Nominal subjects are nouns, numerals, nominal pronouns and nominal phrases.
Predicative subjects are verbs, adjectives, predicative pronouns, verb phrases and adjective phrases.
(II) The constituent materials of the predicate
Predicate: it plays the role of narration, description or judgment on the subject and can answer questions such as "how" or "what".
Predicates are usually served by verbal words, but also by noun words, adjective words and subject-predicate phrases.
(III) Meaning types of subject and predicate
The semantic types of subject are as follows:
Agent subject: the thing referred to carries out the behavior indicated by the predicate. Aunt cuts beef.
patient subject: the referred thing bears the behavior indicated by the predicate. I bought the food.
pragmatic subject: the thing referred to has the connotation of providing use. These potatoes roast beef.
subject: the thing refers to the position where the behavior takes place. There is a picture hanging on the wall.
judgmental subject: the thing referred to is the object determined by the predicate. This painting is mine.
descriptive subject: the thing referred to is the object described by the predicate. The child is very clever.
second, the object of the verb
(1) the constituent materials of the verb
The verb and the object are paired, which determines the nature of the object. Verb is composed of verbal words, including: verbs, verbs+tense auxiliary words, middle complement phrases, and verbal joint phrases
(2) The constituent materials of objects
The constituent materials of objects are: nominal words, quantitative phrases, "de" phrases, nominal joint phrases, verbs, adjectives, verb-object phrases, adjective joint phrases, subject-predicate phrases, and so on.
(3) the meaning type of the object
1. Patient object: the object indicates the object that directly or indirectly bears the behavior activity. Including:
object object (digging for weeds)
target object (digging for tunnels and digging for sweet potatoes)
2. Agent object: the object represents an object that can perform speech acts.
The presidium is sitting on the stage.
3. Interrogative object: The object indicates the objective thing that judges the subject.
my surname is Li.
4. Causative object: The object indicates the location where the behavior takes place.
arrive in Beijing. Enter the 21st century.
5. Reflexive object: the object indicates that the character moves back to a certain part of himself.
shrugged his shoulders. Close your eyes tightly. 5. what is subject-predicate-object in Chinese
subject-predicate-object is very simple, for example: I like you. This sentence, I-subject, like-predicate, you-object. Simply put, in a normal word order sentence, the subject is the actor, the object is the victim, and the predicate is the action or nature, for example: you are beautiful. The subject of this sentence is you. However, in spoken English, people are used to omitting objects, such as "the biscuit has been eaten". The modifiers are attributive, adverbial, complement, and attributive modifier nouns, mainly adjectives, nouns. Adverbial modifier verbs, adjectives, mainly adverbs, and complement are supplementary explanations. For example, I like this beautiful coat very much. Among them, "hen" modifies like, and is an adverb, adverbial and supplementary explanation. This comparison is used in English. There are not many examples of object postposition in classical Chinese, mainly the possible pronouns of negative words as object postposition. There are many phenomena in prepositional object, which is a special sentence pattern. Generally, in classical Chinese, for example, "It is impossible for people to make promises", but actually "It is impossible for people to make promises" belongs to prepositional object. Flashback? This should be a narrative method, not a grammatical way, which corresponds to the positive narration and the interpolation. Simply put, the positive narration is from front to back and the flashback is from back to front. Take the movie as an example, Titanic is flashback and interpolation. Having said that,