Polygonum is a poem in the Book of Songs, the first collection of poems in ancient China. I have compiled the translation and original text of Polygonum for everyone. If you like it, don’t miss it.
Polygonum
Pre-Qin Dynasty: Anonymous
Polygonum belongs to Curcuma, and those who steal Curcuma and Artemisia are bandits. I feel sorry for my parents, who worked so hard to give birth to me.
The one who uses Polygonum Polygonum is Curcuma, and the one who steals Curcuma is Yiwei. I'm sorry for my parents, who made me exhausted.
The bottle is empty, Wei Lei is ashamed. The life of the fresh people is not as long as the death. What kind of father is there without a father? Without a mother, what can you rely on? When you go out, you will hold your shirt, and when you enter, you will be exhausted.
My father gave birth to me, and my mother bowed to me. Caress me, feed me, grow me and nurture me, take care of me and return me, go in and out of your belly. Desire to repay virtue. Haotian is extremely stupid!
The Nanshan Mountains are fierce and the wind is blowing. If the people are all poor, what harm can I do! The rhythm of Nanshan Mountain is fluttering in the wind. The people are all in need of food, but I alone cannot die!
Translation and Notes
Translation
Look at the height of the wormwood, but it is not wormwood but loose wormwood. Pity my father and mother, they worked so hard to raise me!
Look at the wormwood and wormwood clinging to each other, but they are not wormwood, just wei. I have pity on my father and mother, they have worked so hard to raise me!
The bottom of the water bottle is empty, and it is shameful to fill the water jar. It's boring to live alone, it's better to die early. Without a biological father, where can I rely on? What can I rely on if I don’t have my biological mother? I feel sad when I go out for a walk, and I don’t know where to stop when I enter.
Dad, you gave birth to me, mother, you fed me. You protect me, love me, raise me and nurture me. You miss me and don’t want to leave me. You embrace me when you go out of your house. I want to repay my parents for their great kindness, but it is difficult to predict the disasters God will bring!
Nanshan is so high that it is difficult to climb over, and the wind is so fierce that it is daunting. No one is in trouble, why am I the only one who suffers this calamity? Nanshan is so high that it is difficult to cross, and the strong wind makes people tremble. There is no misfortune for everyone, and you can't always support me alone!
Notes
⑴Polygonium (lù) Polygonum: long and big. Curcuma (é): a kind of grass, namely Curcuma purpurea. Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Emperoria root grows in clusters, which is commonly known as Artemisia baoniang."
⑵ Bandit: Same as "non". Yi: Yes.
⑶嬬(qú)LAo: It means tiredness as well as the next chapter “LAo瘁”.
⑷Wei (wèi): a kind of grass, namely mugwort.
⑸Bottle: water-drawing utensil. Qing (qìng): exhausted.
⑹簍 (léi): water container.
⑺Xian (xiǎn): refers to widows and orphans. Min: people.
⑻晙(hù): rely on.
⑼Ti Shi: Concerned.
⑽Ju: raise.
⑾拋: means "touch". Animal: Pass "慉", meaning love.
⑿Gu: Gu Nian. Complex: to return means that you can’t bear to leave.
⒀Abdomen: refers to the embrace.
⒁Hao (hào) sky: the vast sky. 罔: None. Extreme: Principle.
⒂ Lielie: Tong "颲颲", looks like the mountain wind is strong.
⒃Piao Feng: Same as "Biao Feng". Fafa: Pronounced as "piaodiao", the sound of wind.
⒄Valley: Good.
⒅Lülu: Same as "lielie".
⒆Fufu: Same as "Fafa".
⒇ Death: end, refers to old age and death.
Appreciation
"Preface to Mao's Poems" says that this poem "pricks King You, the people work hard, and a filial son will not be able to support you forever". Only the last sentence is correct. As for " As Ouyang Xiu said, "It is not the poet's original intention" ("Original Meaning of Poetry"). What the poet expresses is just the anguish of being unable to support his parents forever.
The six chapters of this poem seem to be a memorial song in memory of parents. It has three levels of meaning: the first two chapters are the first level, describing the hard work of my parents in giving birth to and raising "me". The first two sentences are introduced by comparison. The poet saw Hao and Wei, but mistakenly thought they were E, so his heart was moved and he thought they were comparisons. Curcuma is fragrant and edible, and its roots are thick and ringed, so it is also called Artemisia baoniang, which means that people are successful and filial; while Artemisia and wormwood are both scattered, and wormwood is coarse and inedible, while wormwood is both inedible and produces seeds, so it is called mugwort. Hao and Wei are both unworthy and unable to fulfill their filial piety. The poet felt this and blamed himself for not being successful and not being able to fulfill his filial piety. The last two sentences express this thought and reflect on how difficult it is for parents to raise themselves, as they have to work hard and suffer a lot. The two middle chapters are the second level, describing the son's pain of losing his parents and the parents' deep love for their son. The first two sentences of the third chapter use bottles as metaphors for parents and lei as metaphors for children. Because the vase draws water from the lei, an empty vase means that the lei has no water to draw from, so it is shameful. It is used as a metaphor for the son who cannot support his parents and feels ashamed for not fulfilling his due filial piety. The metaphor used in the sentence is to take the meaning of the vase and lei, not to take the meaning of big or small. The following six sentences of "Xian Min" describe the lonely life and emotional torture after losing their parents. The Han Dynasty Yuefu poem "Orphan's Journey" said, "If you are unhappy in life, it is better to go to the underground hell as soon as possible." This idea came from being abused by his brother and sister-in-law, and this poem laments that he is alone, has no one to rely on, and is miserable, which is completely out of sympathy. Parental affection. The poet and his parents depended on each other for life. After losing his parents, he lost the warmth of his family, so that having a home seemed like he had no home. Cao Cuizhong said: "Because they have no parents, they are called fresh people. When a filial son comes out, he will sue him, and when he rebels, he will face him. Now he has no sue, so he is called Tie."
He went to the hall and didn't see anyone in his room, so he arrived in a hurry. " (Quoted from Dai Zhen's "Supplementary Biography of Mao's Poems") It is of great reference value for understanding. The first six sentences of the fourth chapter describe the nurturing and caressing of "me" by my parents one by one. This is the "labor" and "labor" mentioned in the first two chapters. "Exhausted from overwork" is embodied. The poet uses nine verbs of Sheng, Ju, Zhu, Zhu, Chang, Yu, Gu, Fu and Fu as well as nine "I" characters. His words are clumsy, sincere, straightforward and verbose. , tirelessly, and the voice is urgent and urgent, just like crying. If you use the modern Peking Opera libretto to describe it, it is most appropriate to describe the last two sentences of this chapter because the poet cannot support his parents. To repay a great favor by accident, I blamed it on God for being so fickle and taking away my parents' lives, which made "I" unable to repay the favor! The third level of the next two chapters follows this and describes the misfortune encountered in the first two chapters. In this sentence, the poet rises up from the difficulties and dangers he saw in the Nanshan Mountains, and the howling wind he heard, creating an atmosphere of hardship, danger, and sadness. It symbolizes the great pain and desolation he suffered when his parents died, and is also the expression of the poet's sadness and pain. The four entry-tone characters overlap: Lielie, Fafa, Lvlu, and Fufu, which intensify the sadness, and the last two sentences sound like helpless complaints.
Fu Bixing alternates. The use of three expression methods is a major feature of this poem. The three expression methods are used flexibly, echoing back and forth, with ups and downs of lyricism, and conveying the sorrow of the orphan. It can be said that the beads fall on the jade plate, and the artistic appeal is strong. "Biography" records that Wang Pei was executed without guilt because of his grief for his father, and lived in seclusion as a professor. "When he read "Poetry" to "I'm sorry for my parents, I was born with labor", he shed tears three times, and his disciples accepted the work and abolished the chapter of "Poem". "; "Qi Shu·Gao Yi Biography" records that Gu Huan taught apprentices in Tiantai Mountain. Because he "was orphaned early, every time he read "Poems" to "Sorrow for Parents", he often held the book and cried. Therefore, scholars abolished "Poems of Polygonum" "" There are many similar records and there is no need to enumerate them. Children support their parents and honor their parents. This is one of the virtues of the Chinese nation. In fact, it should also be the moral obligation of human society. This poem expresses this virtue with full emotion. The earliest literary work had a great influence on later generations. It was not only often cited in poems and poems, but was also mentioned frequently in imperial edicts. This shows the influence of the "Book of Songs" on the formation of national psychology and national spirit. .