The original text and appreciation of "Poem Qufu Wen Ji Xi Shan Qin Daoren"
Lin Ti
The Guizi Dan is deep in Tianzhu Mountain, and the white apes are crying among the white clouds.
nothing can happen when you are dead, so sitting and lying is like a room.
Anyone who has a quiet calendar with Tin Trace will be embarrassed by its dark brown color.
Even Pang Jushi forgets his machine, and the garden well is neglected by illness.
"Send a message to a diligent Taoist in Xishan" is one of the poems sent by Lin Bu and Taoist. Taoist, that is, Taoist, also refers to monks. Xishan, that is, Wulin Mountain, is now the West Lingyin and Tianzhu Mountains in Hangzhou. This poem reflects the author's complex thoughts in a concentrated way. Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are all in one, but they are not Confucianism, Taoism or Buddhism. They are just "holding their heads high and willing to be self-disciplined".
At the beginning of the poem, the scenery where the diligent Taoist lives is described. In the depths of Tianzhu Mountain, the sweet-scented osmanthus blooms in bright colors, and the white clouds around the heights, there is a mournful cry of white apes. Cangshan Mountain, Baiyun Mountain, Dangui Mountain and White Ape, with strong color contrast, set off loneliness; Osmanthus fragrans are idle, and the tall apes are singing, rendering a piece of peace. The scenery written seems very ordinary, but every word sounds the code of symbolic language in China's classical poems. Yuan Zhen's "the ladies-in-waiting have grown white-haired", "peonies are red, but no one comes to see them" and Bai Juyi's "where maple-leaves and full-grown rushes rustled in the autumn", the choice of "red" and "white" convey the same inner feelings, loneliness, desolation, loss and dismay; Fishermen sing "Apes sing three times with tears on their skirts", while scholars write that "there are often high apes howling to arouse sadness". This setting of ape singing contains the same spiritual experience, which is quiet, weird, sad and helpless.
Faced with this kind of scenery, we can't help but arouse people's deep exploration in the spiritual world, and inevitably touch on the thinking of a person's ultimate value. Therefore, in the second couplet, the author puts forward that the understanding of life and death has been taken in many practices of various religions. In this case, it is better to create an environment for yourself to sit still and live in seclusion for a lifetime. The "thousand schools" in the poem refers to many methods. There is a saying in Yan's Family Instructions that "everything goes empty, and thousands of doors enter the good". On the issue of life and death, Buddhism regards life as an illusion, believing that even if it can prolong life, it will inevitably die, so it advocates "no life" and pursues the transcendence of life and death and enters the realm of nirvana. Taoism, on the other hand, believes that life is real, so it advocates "no death" and pursues health preservation and longevity, and the body becomes immortal. Therefore, Lin Hejing thinks that "no life" or "no death" is better than sitting and lying in a spare room.
Then, he said more clearly: Who wants to spend that lonely life with xizhang's imprint? Still rely on a few teas alone, so that the brown color is opposite to the thin face! "Tin mark", the trace of xizhang, xizhang is one of the 18 objects of Bodhisattva's Buddhist Bodhisattva, with four strands of twelve rings on it, indicating four truths and twelve karma meanings. The monks beg for food, and when they arrive at the door, they vibrate the small ring on the xizhang to make a sound, so as to alert people. "Yan Yan", thin appearance. This connection expresses the author's life thinking of seclusion in the lake and mountains instead of converting to Buddhism.
Tail couplets, on the basis of neck couplets, emphasize their ambition to believe in Buddhism without cutting their hair and live in seclusion. He believes that he who sees through the secular world, has no heart for fame and fortune, and is tired of climbing. He doesn't have to escape into an empty net, and he can live like Pang Jushi in the Tang Dynasty. Leave the courtyard lonely and desolate, and live in seclusion, not with the crowd.
What the author says in this poem is sometimes revealed in other works, but it is not as clear as this one. For example, one of Lin Bu's "Three Little Hidden Poems on Lakes and Mountains" wrote:
The apes and birds are distinguished from each other, and the forest and the lotus are verdant.
step through the monk's path and go home with your clothes on your shoulders.
the water villa is fragrant and ripe, and the smoke cliff is early and the bamboo shoots are fat.
there is no fame at all, so why forget the machine? Comparing the two, it can be seen that the thought of peace and tranquility is complicated. Some people commented that the mainstream of his thoughts was orthodox Confucianism. Mei Yaochen said in "Preface to Mr. Lin Hejing's Poems": "Its talk is Confucius and Mencius. His language is modern, and Han Liye. " It is precisely because of this thought that he repeatedly urged others to work hard to advance. There is a sentence in "Sending the History Palace to Zan Lanxi for Printing and Returning to Que" that "the slaughter in the southeast is the most important, and the domain is to raise the jade level"; There is a sentence in "Sending Chu Zhizhong to Shu" that "there is no hope in the forest tomorrow, just looking for a good name in the gold list"; There is a sentence in "seeing off Ma Cheng as a member of the Wujiang River" that "the state supervises the county and Yin is more talented, and when you read my family, you will bear a big name"; In "Send Wu Xiucai to the Lift", there is a sentence of "See the new list next year, the first name is good and recognize the gentleman"; In "Send Chen Zongzhi to Wuwei Army", there is a sentence that "the first capital entered the west early, and the inscription on the temple gallery can be without Korean", and so on. The traditional Confucian thoughts such as "loyal ministers should serve their princes, dutiful sons should serve their relatives" and "being too virtuous", followed by "making contributions" and "making statements" are repeatedly revealed in his reward poems.
In addition, he has many friends in Buddhism, and there are more than 3 released sons in his poems, among which Ci Yun, Si Qi, Ling Jiao, Xi Ran and others have appeared many times. Most of these monks are literati who can write and paint, and He Jing is mainly a poetry friend with them, but it is inevitable to talk about Zen, such as: "When you enter the Zen forest, you will be lazy to return, and the peaks and valleys will belong to the face", "When you come to all things in peace, you will be able to roll up your ears and ears", "You can know how many things you can do in life, but you can see the spring breeze all the way" and "You will stay in the current period."
He Jing's Taoist friend, though only seen two or three times in his poems, not only has Taoist language in his poems, but also knows that he has an alchemy furnace. For example, "I should cherish the tea well in the spring, and watch the Dan furnace with fire", "The immortal records the history of Zhu Chao", and "I plan to write the interior scenery of Huangting", etc., copying the alchemy, believing in the channel and practicing, which shows that Taoism also accounts for a certain proportion in his thoughts.
The complexity of Lin Hejing's thought is related to his experience. He was lonely in his early years, wandering around for more than 2 years, and lost the opportunity of career advancement, which will prompt him to see through the world and think about life. As a talented poet, it is impossible for him not to contact the Taoist thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Participating in life will, of course, move closer to Buddhism. Moreover, the trend of merging Zen poems in the late Tang Dynasty and early Song Dynasty has been formed, and Lin Bu cannot be unaffected. He is a strong man in honest and frank, and he will never be subservient to his official career. He can neither advance nor retire to the mountains; His personality and illness did not allow him to convert to Buddhism or Taoism. This series of reasons has led to the unification of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in Lin Bu, and he can use it freely in advance and retreat. His contacts with students and bureaucrats are Confucianism; He was released when he interacted with Buddhist monks; When he was in contact with Taoist children, he said. He is quite good at reading people's words, and expresses his own * * * according to each other's beliefs. This in turn reflects his open-minded attitude towards life and his understanding and tolerance towards others. For example, in the poems paid to Shi Zi, there are few sentences such as "Who accompanied Xi Mark to spend a lonely calendar", but in the poem "Sending a diligent Taoist to Xishan", it can be clearly stated that you are a layman and don't enter an empty net, which shows the close relationship with diligent Taoist.
Lin Bu's poem is harmonious and unified in scenery, emotion and reason, and his arrogance and straightforwardness are beyond words. The poem is clear and radiant, and it is full of strength and bone, just like the author's life-long experience. "seeing off the diligent Taoist in Xishan" is really a work of expressing ambition.